Historical Evolution of Sustainable Community Economic Development in Business and Economics

Objective - Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED) has gradually changed overtime from production philosophy to the welfare ideology of assuring a better future for a resilient community in business and economics. SCED contributesto poverty alleviation, employment generation, sustainable community design, disaster control and resilience, biodiversity protection, and much more.The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review of this concept fromthe global and Bangladeshi perspective. Methodology - Peer reviewed publications in English language were considered indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science database. The study designed 2timelines of SCED concept evolution based on the information derived from the existing peer-reviewed publications. Findings - Both timelines (global and Bangladeshi) were found interrelated on some points, especially the third phase of the global SCED connected with the first phase of Bangladesh's SCED timeline, immediately after the Liberation War. Novelty - The study concludes that SCED is an ever-changing area of research and future research would reveal more sustainable features that would increase the sustainability and resilience of the business community. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Economic Development; Community Economic Development; Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED); Bangladesh; NGOs; MFIs. JEL Classification: F63, O1, O50.

PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI KERAJINAN RAJUT DESA SUMBEREJO KECAMATAN TRUCUK KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO

The university is part of the intellectual community in this country, which is expected to be able to contribute to the development of the nation and state. Community Service Activities (PKM) are a form of education by providing empirical experience to Lecturers with students to live in the midst of society outside the campus, and directly teaching students how to identify populist social problems. Sumberejo Village is a village located in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro, East Java. The implementation of the Covid-19 Thematic PKM activity was carried out in Sumberejo Village because the PKM location was an area close to student homes. In accordance with the direction of the Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) at the University of Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri Bojonegoro that the implementation of PKM is better in their respective villages to reduce mobility and transmission of COVID-19. PKM in Sumberejo Village Using a Community Based Research approach, by carrying out a community assistance process using the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method. The 2021 Thematic PKM activity at the Sunan Giri Bojonegoro University Nahdlatul Ulama in Sumberejo Village, Trucuk District can be carried out well. Activities can be accepted by the community and receive support from all levels of village officials and several elements who are always enthusiastic about ongoing activities. Work programs that are focused on community economic development during the pandemic. The activity is in the form of developing yarn knitting skills. Marketing assistance for community knitting products, namely on social media and marketplaces. Marketing and introducing knitting products in Sumberajo Village which was carried out after development assistance.

Resource and Stakeholder Mobilization by Community-Based Organizations for Community Economic Development in Kenya: A Survey of Community-Based Organizations in Siaya County

Most developing countries, including Kenya, have a big proportion of the population still living in rural areas that face an immense challenge especially on economic development and access to basic social infrastructure that include roads, health, water, and education. The government and local authorities are striving with the available limited resources against the competing priorities in order to meet the needs of the population and improve the quality of life and wellbeing. This study examined the role of community-based organizations (CBOs) on economic development in Siaya County, specifically their role on resource and stakeholder mobilization in Kenya. The study was anchored on Social Capital Theory but also analyzed both System and Conflict Theories. The study provides new and relevant information on the role of CBOs in development to the County governments as devolved systems of government responsible for development and planning thus justifying investment and policy formulation for closer collaboration. Descriptive study was undertaken and targeted and enumerated two respondents per group (total 50) in all the 25 CBOs in Siaya County that were duly registered and had coverage of at least one Sub-County. Using a Likert scale questionnaire, quantitative data was collected. Prior to that, a pilot study was done in the nearby Kakamega County to test the instrument. Descriptive, correlation and regression analysis was applied to the data using SPSS version 21. The findings indicate that; Resource Mobilization by CBOs enhances the organizations’ contribution to community economic development, stakeholders’ mobilization plays a critical role in community economic development, the CBOs in Siaya County have managed to increase their impact on economic development at the community level. The study suggests replication in other counties where NGO activity is evident in Kenya, focusing on community based organizations that do not rely on aid as their main income sources. Moreover, a comparative study involving the CBOs from the East African countries should also be considered in future studies. Keywords: Resource Mobilization, Stakeholder Engagement, community based organization and Siaya County.

Natura 2000 Network vs. Tourism and Investment Potential of Communes—A Case Study of Czarnkowsko-Trzcianecki County

The Natura 2000 is a network of protected areas established in the European Union on the basis of EU Directives. Simultaneously it is the youngest form of protected areas in Poland. Hence conflicts between conservation objectives and opportunities as well as needs of community economic development are quite common. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tourism and investment potential of Czarnkowsko-Trzcianecki County and determine whether the Natura 2000 network is a factor in increasing the tourism and investment development of the commune or limiting it. We evaluated the tourism and investment potential based on modification of the Gołembski method (i.e., multidimensional comparative analysis) and measured the proportion of the Natura 2000 network in the total area of the commune. The Trzcianka commune was found to have the greatest tourism development and investment potential, but the Wieleń commune was the most attractive in terms of tourism, and Czarnków (municipal commune) was found to have the highest investment attractiveness. Moreover, there was no correlation between the Natura 2000 network and tourism and investment potential of communes. However, these areas had a negative impact on the investment attractiveness of communes, due to socio-economic and technical aspects, which may cause future potential limitation of development.

History of Sustainable Community Economic Development: A Descriptive Research

Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED) has gradually been changing overtime from production philosophy to the welfare ideology of assuring better future for a resilient community. SCED's contribution in poverty alleviation, employment generation, sustainable community design, disaster control and resilience, biodiversity protection and so on. The study conducted a descriptive literature review of the history of this concept in global and Bangladesh perspective. Peer review publications in English language were considered that were indexed in reputed database like Scopus and Web of Science. The study designed two timelines of SCED concept evolution based on the information derived from the existing peer review publications. Both timelines (global and Bangladesh) were found interrelated in couple of points, especially the third phase of the global SCED connected with the first phase of Bangladesh's SCED timeline, immediately after the Liberation War. The study concluded that, SCED is an everchanging area of study and future research would reveal more sustainable features that would make the community sustainable and resilient. Keywords: Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED), Bangladesh, NGOs, MFIs