THE PROTECTION OF WORKERS WITH FAMILY RESPONSIBILITES – SELECTED ISSUES

Balancing personal and professional spheres remains a major challenge for growing number of employees. This concerns, to a large degree, a family life of employee. Family responsibilities, more often than any other non-work commitments of employees, restrict their possibilities of preparing for, entering, participating in or advancing in economic activity. In the light of demographic and social changes, the protection of workers with family responsibilities evolved towards more „equal” approach to family responsibilities and broader than previously scope of family responsibilites as duties not only to young children of employees but also to other members of his family. This contribution aims to describe the selected isuues of protection of workers with family responsibilities

A Case Study into the Environmental Context of Walking School Buses and Other Modes of Travel Used for the Journey to School

<p><b>The journey to school involves a number of different modes of travel. Approximatelyhalf of all journeys to school in New Zealand rely on the use of an automobile. Thisheavy dependence on automobiles involves a number of environmental detractions.</b></p> <p>Walking School Buses provide an alternative to cars as a mode of travel for thejourney to school. This mode of travel compares favourably in a number of respectswhen compared to other modes of travel and is generating considerable interest.</p> <p>Based on a case study involving in-depth interviews with ten caregivers this papercompares whether and how Walking School Buses emerged from a different socialand cultural background when compared to other modes of travel. Four keyinfluences, in particular parenting culture, the work commitments that caregivershave, the risks posed by strangers and traffic, and the social fragmentation ofneighbourhoods were found to be significant in shaping the journey to school. Basedon finding a number of similarities between different modes of travel to school it isconcluded that the journey to school is embedded in a wider system of social andcultural ideas that shape Walking School Buses and other modes of travel alike.</p>

A Case Study into the Environmental Context of Walking School Buses and Other Modes of Travel Used for the Journey to School

<p><b>The journey to school involves a number of different modes of travel. Approximatelyhalf of all journeys to school in New Zealand rely on the use of an automobile. Thisheavy dependence on automobiles involves a number of environmental detractions.</b></p> <p>Walking School Buses provide an alternative to cars as a mode of travel for thejourney to school. This mode of travel compares favourably in a number of respectswhen compared to other modes of travel and is generating considerable interest.</p> <p>Based on a case study involving in-depth interviews with ten caregivers this papercompares whether and how Walking School Buses emerged from a different socialand cultural background when compared to other modes of travel. Four keyinfluences, in particular parenting culture, the work commitments that caregivershave, the risks posed by strangers and traffic, and the social fragmentation ofneighbourhoods were found to be significant in shaping the journey to school. Basedon finding a number of similarities between different modes of travel to school it isconcluded that the journey to school is embedded in a wider system of social andcultural ideas that shape Walking School Buses and other modes of travel alike.</p>

Editorial

To say that working on this issue of Migration and Society has been a challenge would be an understatement. For all of us, from the members of the editorial team to our guest editors, contributors, ever-important reviewers, and the publishing team, 2020 has brought significant barriers. We have feared for the safety of our loved ones; grieved unbearable losses, often from afar; faced different forms of containment; and sought to, somehow, find the time and energy to care for our loved ones, our selves, and one another while navigating unsustainable work commitments and responsibilities.

Effect of Quality of Work Life on Performance Employees with Variables Work Commitments Intervening in Millenial Generation Employees in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Head Office

This study aims to analyze the influence of quality of work life on employee performance with work commitment as an intervening variable on employees of the millennial generation of PT head office. Port of Indonesia II (Persero). Determination of samples using Probability Sampling method with 160 respondents and analyzed using Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) analysis method. The results of the study showed that 1) the quality of work life has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that if the quality of work life in employees of the millennial generation of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) the better the employee performance will increase, 2) the quality of work life will have a positive and significant effect on work commitment, indicating that if the Quality of Work Life in employees of the millennial generation of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) the better then the employee's work commitment will increase , 3) work commitments have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that if the Work Commitment to millennial employees of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) is getting better then the Employee Performance will increase, and 4) the quality of work life on employee performance through work commitment has a positive and significant influence, showing an increase in the Work Commitment of millennial employees of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) able to mediate the influence of Quality of Work Life on Employee Performance.

Work Commitment as A Mediator of Work Environment Effect on Employee Performance

This study aims to examine the effect of work environment on work commitments, work commitment on employee performance, and work commitment as a mediator of work environment influence on employee performance. The samples are 43 KPPN employees in Malang. Data are collected directly from the respondents through questionnaires and analyzed with path analysis using SPSS software. The result shows that work environment has a positive and significant influence on work commitment, and work commitment also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Therefore, work commitment proves to be a mediating variable.

ANALISIS FAKTOR PENDUKUNG PENINGKATAN KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU

<p><em>Supporting factors that are presented are the quality of human resources, work competence, and work commitments analyzed how they affect the performance of employees of </em><em>Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Labuhan Batu</em><em>, both partially and simultaneously. Data collection uses interviews, questionnaires and literature study. Work on data analysis methods using SPSS 22.0 for Windows software. This study used a sample of 30 employees taken using total sampling techniques.</em></p><p><em> </em><em>The results of the study based on the F test showed that the quality of human resources, work competence and work commitment simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on the performance of </em><em>Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Labuhan Batu </em><em>employees, where the value of F_count (17.583)&gt; F_table (2.98) with a significance level of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. T-test results show that the quality of human resources (X₁) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of </em><em>Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Labuhan Batu </em><em>employees, where the t_count (2.382)&gt; t_table (1.706) and the significance value of 0.025 &lt;0.05, work competence ( X₂) positive and significant effect on the performance of </em><em>Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Labuhan Batu </em><em>employees, where the t_count (4.704)&gt; t_table (1.706) and the significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05 and work commitment (X₃) also have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of </em><em>Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Labuhan Batu</em><em>, where the t_count (3.860)&gt; t_table (1.706) and the significance value of 0.001 &lt;0.05. Adjusted R Square value of 0.632 means that employee performance can be explained by the quality of human resources, work competence, and work commitments of 63.2%, while the remaining 36.8% is explained by other factors not examined in this study.</em><em></em></p>

Barriers, facilitators, preferences and expectations of joint protection programmes for patients with hand arthritis: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThe objective of this survey was to investigate the barriers, facilitators, expectations and patient preferences regarding joint protection (JP) programmes in people with hand arthritis.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingTertiary clinic.ParticipantsPatients with hand arthritis: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and other forms of arthritis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThis study used a survey among people with hand arthritis. Descriptive statistics and percentages were reported for all the data about the barriers, facilitators and preferences around JP.ResultsA total of 192 patients consented to participate. Most of the patients (82%) were unaware of JP. Factors that may act as barriers to participation and were regarded as ‘a very big concern’ were: cost of the programme (44%), time of offering the programme (39%), work commitments (36%) and having a centre/clinic close to the house (28%). Factors that may act as facilitators and rated as ‘extremely helpful’ were: research that shows that JP works (26%) and having the centre/clinic close to the house (25%). An online format for JP was the most preferred option (54%). Half (46%) preferred a timeframe of 1 hour, three times per week and 44% preferred a 2-hour programme, for three times per week.ConclusionsAwareness of the potential benefits of JP, and prior experience with JP programme were very low. Common potentially modifiable patient-reported barriers to participate in future JP interventions, included: cost, work commitments, distance from home to clinic and times that the intervention were provided. These barriers might be addressed with free and accessible forms of delivery of JP, which may lead to better uptake and participation in JP programmes.

An Empirical Comparison of Graduate Entrepreneurs and Graduate Employees Based on Graduate Entrepreneurship Education and Career Development

Entrepreneurship is a double-edged sword. Entrepreneurs may either reap great rewards or suffer great damages from crises in the near future. Therefore, it is crucial to offer entrepreneurship education to students. This would help them broaden their horizons in graduate employment. This study compares graduate entrepreneurs and graduate employees in China, focusing on their career development. The results of the study show that graduate entrepreneurs have higher career satisfaction than graduate employees. In addition, graduate entrepreneurs have greater work commitments than graduate employees, although they also have higher job stress. We also found that most graduates in either group could earn a living easily. A certain number of the two parties spent more than what they earned mainly to provide financial support to their families.