scholarly journals Practical Consistency of Ethernet-Based QoS with Performance Prediction of Heterogeneous Microwave Radio Relay Transport Network

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Slađan Zlatar ◽  
Vlatko Lipovac ◽  
Adriana Lipovac ◽  
Mirza Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
The Impact

Microwave line-of-sight radio relay (RR) systems are a constitutive part of a telecom operator transport network, as an alternative to optical transmission systems when the latter are not technically possible or rational to implement. Nowadays, RR links are quite often used in the access network for connecting mobile radio base stations, thus also enabling traffic aggregation, and so on. In this paper, we focus on a practical, real-life, five-section heterogeneous RR network, comprising classic synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and SDH new generation network (NGN) architecture, hybrid parallel and mutually independent transmission of native Ethernet and TDM services, and all-IP network parts. Specifically, the main task of this work is to answer whether such a diverse RR system could satisfy the quality norms for Ethernet-based services, meaning whether a tolerable RR unavailability will necessarily imply the according Ethernet quality of service (QoS) degradation. This question is addressed by the comprehensive in-service and out-of-service testing of an operational hybrid RR transmission system. After extensive practical testing and appropriate analysis of the achieved results, it came out that the impact of RR-level impairments that determine the performance prediction affected the Ethernet QoS to the extent that BER values increased to the acceptability threshold values. We believe that the preliminary results reported here could serve as a hint and a framework for a more comprehensive cross-layer test strategy in terms of both test diversity and repeating rate, which contemporary network operators need to implement in order to enable the appropriate quality of experience for users of their services.

Network Throughput and Outage Analysis in a Poisson and Matérn Cluster based LTE-Advanced Small Cell Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydev Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Outage Probability ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Network Throughput ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Network Cell ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
The Impact

<div>In LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), the access network cell formation is an integrated form of outdoor unit and indoor unit. With the indoor unit extension the access network becomes heterogeneous (HetNet). HetNet is a straightforward way to provide quality of service (QoS) in terms better network coverage and high data rate. Although, due to uncoordinated, densely deployed small cells large interference may occur, particularly in case of operating small cells within the spectrum of macro base stations (MBS). This paper probes the impact of small cell on the outage probability and the average network throughput enhancement. The positions of the small cells are retained random and modelled with homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP) and Matérn Cluster process (MCP). The paper provides an analytic form which permits to compute the outage probability, including the mostly applied fast fading channel types. Furthermore, simulations are evaluated in order to calculate the average network throughput for both random processes. Simulation results highlights that the network throughput remarkably grows due to small cell deployment.</div>

Formation of the Economic Model and the Impact of Economic Factors on the Health of Russian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2557
Author(s):  
Tamara G. ROMANOVA ◽  
Valentina D. BATOMUNKUEVA ◽  
Tatiana K. GYRGENOVA ◽  
Nataliya V. MONGOLOVA ◽  
Roman Zh. TSYDYPOV
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The article is about the influence of economic factors on the health quality of the population as a public benefit. Health of the individual has an important role in national economy, both in processes of formation of public health, and in reproduction of quality of a manpower. The review of the indicators of evaluation test of health of the population applied in the Russian practice is given in article. Health of the population and economy of the state have close interrelation and interdependence: not only the economy influences health of the population, but also health of the population affects the economy of the state. The technique allowing to assess economic damages from loss of health on the basis of which economic losses from mortality of the population at working-age in Siberian Federal District are estimated is presented. The economic three-level model of health upgrading of the population allows to reveal paths of health upgrading for improvement of economy in the country is developed. The three-level model reflects preventive character with obligatory selection of the measures accompanying achievement of the main task – to upgrade the population health as the public benefit and to increase the level of economy.

Impact on OS of 2nd and 3rd generation TKI in EGFR mt+ and ALK+ patients: Results of the NOWEL network.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20560-e20560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Roeper ◽  
Maria Netchaeva ◽  
Anne Christina Lueers ◽  
Ursula Stropiep ◽  
Cora Hallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
Detection Of Mutations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Choice Of Therapy ◽  
Generation Sequencing

e20560 Background: Available clinical research data shows that early mutation testing for patients with NSCLC stage IV could lead to an effective choice of therapy for patients with proven mutations. Targeted therapies achieve a higher ORR, PFS, OS and a better quality of life than chemotherapy in mt+ patients. With the advent of 2nd and 3rd generation TKI´s effective in 1st generation TKI resistant tumors, we wanted to study the impact of these drugs on the outcome of patients in a real life setting in 3 lung cancer centers. Methods: 1383 patients from the three cancer centers diagnosed with NSCLC stage IV (UICC 7) were examined. Methods for the detection of mutations included Sanger Sequencing, hybridization based COBAS testing as well as hybrid cage next generation sequencing. Results: 880/1383 (64%) consecutive patients with non-squamous cell NSCLC from the cancer centers were studied for the presence of tumor mutations, especially for EGFR and ALK mutations. The EGFR mutation rate was 16.6% (141/880), and the ALK-translocation rate 3.8% (24/635). Median OS in EGFR mt+ patients was 31 (n = 78) vs. 32 (n = 38) vs. 16 (n = 14) months respectively (center 1 vs. center 2 vs. center 3). Median OS in ALK mt+ patients was 25 (n = 17) months in center 1 and 11 (n = 5) months in center 2 (p < 0.05). Use of 3rd generation TKI Osimertinib (n = 17) lead to a significantly higher OS (n = 17, median OS 67 mo) than the use of only 1st and 2nd generation TKI (n = 113, median OS 24 mo, p < 0.000). Similarly, use of 2nd and 3rd generation ALKi impacted significantly on median OS: Crizotinib alone n = 7, 17 months, Crizotinib followed by Ceritinib and/or Brigatinib (n = 9) median OS not reached, p < 0.001. Conclusions: Smalldifferences in OS were observed, depending on the treatment centers, but the use of multiple EGFR and ALK-I impacted highly significantly on the outcome of patients with EGFR and ALK-alterations in a real life setting.

scholarly journals Optical Transport Network to support Digital Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1418-1433
Author(s):  
Marco Rosario Villareal, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Telecommunication Services ◽  
Optical Transport Network ◽  
Optimum Speed ◽  
Wireless Access Network ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Optical Transport

The objective of this work is to propose a solution to the problem of the lack of telecommunication services, with adequate quality of service and coverage, in the town of Choclococha, Huancavelica-Peru. For this purpose, the design and evaluation of an optical link as a backbone network and a wireless access network is presented. It is an applied and experimental research in which performance parameters were evaluated. The independent variable is the optical transport network and the dependent variable is data communication. The latter is defined by two indicators: throughput and signal reception power at the users. Both indicators were measured in a sample of the population, obtaining results that were validated with respect to the expected values according to specifications and regulations. Thus, the measured throughput exceeds the 40% data rate guaranteed by the telecommunications operator. As for the reception power, it exceeds the sensitivity level of the receiving equipment. Therefore, it is concluded that the proposed solution supports communications with optimum speed and coverage.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Cognition on the Real-Life of People with Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Arminas Jasionis ◽  
Kristijonas Puteikis ◽  
Rūta Mameniškienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strange Stories Test

Background. Previous research has demonstrated the impairment of social cognition (SC) in people with epilepsy. It is associated with worse social functioning and quality of life; however, the influence on real-life outcomes is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate how SC is associated with epilepsy variables and real-life outcomes (education, employment and relationships) among patients with epilepsy (PWE). Methods. Eighty-one PWE completed tasks of theory of mind (ToM) (faux pas recognition (FPRT) and Happé Strange Stories test (HST)) and emotion recognition (ER) (Reading of the Mind in the Eyes (RMET)). Variables reflecting their education, employment and relationship status were treated as endpoints in search of association with SC. Data from a matched group (n = 30) of healthy controls (HCs) were used for comparison of ToM abilities. Results. ToM scores were lower among PWE as compared to HCs (U = 1816.0, p < 0.0001 (HST), U = 1564.5, p = 0.020 (FPRT)). All SC tests were associated with the level of education (OR = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09 to 1.36 (RMET), OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.40 (HST), OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.00 (FPRT)). The results of ToM and ER testing were not associated with employment (χ2 = 33.423, p < 0.0001) if adjusted for the level of education (B = 0.804, OR = 2.23 (95% CI = 1.33 to 3.76), p = 0.002). SC abilities did not differ between PWE who were single and those in a relationship (U = 858.5, p = 0.541 (HST)), t= −1.236, p = 0.220 (RMET), U = 909.5, p = 0.271 (FPRT)). Conclusion. Better social cognition skills are linked to a higher level of education among PWE. SC probably has less influence on professional achievements and interpersonal relationships.

Approaches to Measuring the Impact of Music Therapy and Music Activities on People Living With Dementia

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Becky Dowson ◽  
Orii McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Music Activities

This chapter provides an introduction to the evaluation of music activities and music therapy for people with dementia. We outline some of the main challenges and considerations involved in choosing or using outcome measures. An overview of common outcome measures used in current research, including those for behavioral and psychological symptoms, quality of life, physiological changes, cognitive function, and music-related behaviors, is provided. Two music-therapy case studies are presented as real-life examples of how to select clinically relevant measures. Clinicians have long argued that some clinically meaningful changes may not always be measurable. We propose that when insights obtained from high-quality qualitative and mixed methods studies are added to the evidence base of quantitative research, it will lead to a deeper understanding of the benefits that music can have in the lives of people living with dementia.

scholarly journals Comparing COVID-19 vaccines for their characteristics, efficacy and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiolet ◽  
Yousra Kherabi ◽  
Conor MacDonald ◽  
Jade Ghosn ◽  
Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
The Impact

Vaccines are critical cost-effective tools to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the emergence of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten the potential herd immunity sought from mass vaccination campaigns.The objective of this study was to provide an up-to-date comparative analysis of the characteristics, adverse events, efficacy, effectiveness and impact of the variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) for fourteen currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines (BNT16b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, Sputnik V, NVX-CoV2373, Ad5-nCoV, CoronaVac, BBIBP-CorV, COVAXIN, Wuhan Sinopharm vaccine, QazCovid-In, Abdala and ZF200) and two vaccines (CVnCoV and NVX-CoV2373) currently in rolling review in several national drug agencies.Overall, all COVID-19 vaccines had a high efficacy against the traditional strain and the variants of SARS-CoV-2, and were well tolerated. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and Sputnik V had the highest efficacy (&gt;90%) after two doses at preventing symptomatic cases in phase III trials. Efficacy was ranging from 10.4% for AZD1222 in South Africa to 50% for NVX-CoV2373 in South Africa and 50 % for CoronaVac in Brazil, where the 501YV.2 and P1 variants were dominant. Seroneutralization studies showed a negligible reduction in neutralization activity against Alpha for most of vaccines, whereas the impact was modest for Delta. Beta and Gamma exhibited a greater reduction in neutralizing activity for mRNA vaccines, Sputnik V and CoronaVac. Regarding observational real-life data, most studies concerned the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. Full immunization with mRNA vaccines effectively prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection against Alpha and Beta. All vaccines appeared to be safe and effective tools to prevent symptomatic and severe COVID-19, hospitalization and death against all variants of concern, but the quality of evidence greatly varied depending on the vaccines considered. There are remaining questions regarding specific populations excluded from trials, the duration of immunity and heterologous vaccination. Serious adverse event and particularly anaphylaxis (2.5-4.7 cases per million doses among adults) and myocarditis (3.5 cases per million) for mRNA vaccines ; thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome for Janssen vaccine (3 cases per million) and AstraZeneca vaccine (2 cases per million) and Guillain-Barre syndrome (7.8 cases per million) for Janssen vaccine are very rare. COVID-19 vaccine benefits outweigh risks, despite rare serious adverse effect.

scholarly journals Influence of fulvic acid in feed additives on protein change and dairy productivity of cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuzmenkova ◽  
E. A. Denisyuk ◽  
R. V. Ginoyan ◽  
N. Y. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
The Impact

The main task of animal husbandry is to obtain large volumes of products: increasing the weight gain of cows and milk yields in a short time at minimal cost. The existing feeding standards for cattle are based on the use of Class 1 feed. In farms, most feed contains a low concentration of nutrients, the feeding of which does not allow to maintain the standard ratio of the diet. The quality of milk is not only of economic importance, which determines the profitability and competitiveness of dairy products in the market, but also of social significance, which is associated with the impact on human health. The most important factor determining the quality of milk and its suitability for further processing is the fullness of animal feeding: the energy value of the feed ration, the ratio of basic nutrients. The article presents data on the effect of the feed additive "Furor" based on fulvic acid, developed by LLC "Esson", which.

scholarly journals Mobility-Centric Analysis of Communication Offloading for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kozyrev ◽  
Aleksandr Ometov ◽  
Dmitri Moltchanov ◽  
Vladimir Rykov ◽  
Dmitry Efrosinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Content Dissemination ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Infrastructure

Today, the number of interconnected Internet of Things (IoT) devices is growing tremendously followed by an increase in the density of cellular base stations. This trend has an adverse effect on the power efficiency of communication, since each new infrastructure node requires a significant amount of energy. Numerous enablers are already in place to offload the scarce cellular spectrum, thus allowing utilization of more energy-efficient short-range radio technologies for user content dissemination, such as moving relay stations and network-assisted direct connectivity. In this work, we contribute a new mathematical framework aimed at analyzing the impact of network offloading on the probabilistic characteristics related to the quality of service and thus helping relieve the energy burden on infrastructure network deployments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document