Parenting Stress and Social Style in Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Cultural Investigation in Italy and Japan

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges, which may affect parenting functioning. However, little is known about gender and cultural variations in parenting stress and styles in these families. The aims of this study were to investigate: (1a) the differences in parenting stress and (1b) social style between Italian and Japanese mothers and fathers of children with ASD; (2) the predictive role of culture, sociodemographic, and child’s characteristics on parenting stress; (3) the predictors of the social parenting style, including parenting stress dimensions. The study involved 92 Italians and 89 Japanese parents of school-age children (5–12 years) with ASD who completed the Parenting Stress Index and the Parenting Style Questionnaire. Results revealed that Japanese parents showed higher parenting stress and less engagement in social style than Italians. Across cultures, mothers used more social style than fathers. Being Japanese and having a child with greater ASD severity predicted higher levels of parenting stress. We also found that country, parent’s gender, and stress related to the dysfunctional interaction were significant predictors of parenting social style. Our findings highlight the importance of a cross-cultural approach to better understand the experiences and needs of mothers and fathers of children with ASD.

PERUBAHAN TINGKAH LAKU SISWA MELALUI KOMUNIKASI ANTAR PRIBADI GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

This study describes systematically changes in student behavior through interpersonal communication of Islamic Education teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Assalam Martapura. Focusing on changing behavior and helping teachers to implement good behavior to their students. This behavior change includes: a) Interactive involvement, this behavior change determines the level of one's participation and participation in communication with other people, including: responsiveness, perceptive attitude and attentiveness. b). Interaction management, this change in behavior helps a person be able to take useful actions for someone to achieve communication goals. c) Behavioral flexibility, this change in behavior helps a person to carry out various possible behaviors that can be taken to achieve communication goals. d) Listening, this behavior change helps someone to be able to listen to people who communicate with someone not only content, but also the feelings, concerns, and worries that accompany it. e) Social style, this behavior change helps someone to behave attractively, distinctively, and can be accepted by those who communicate with that person. f) Communication anxiety, this behavior change can overcome fear, confusion, and confusion of thought, body shaking, and stage fright that appears in communicating.

Editorial

It gives me a great pleasure to announce the second regular issue of 2021. I want to thank all authors for contributing their sound research and the editorial board for the highly valuable reviews and comments for improvements. These contributions together with the generous support of the consortium members sustain the quality of our journal. I would still like to expand our editorial board: If you are a tenured Associate Professor or above with a good publication record, please apply to join our editorial board. We are also interested in receiving high quality proposals for special issues covering new topics and emerging trends. Please think of yourself and encourage your colleagues to submit high quality articles to our journal. In this regular issue, I am very pleased to introduce three accepted papers from three different countries. Alessia D’Andrea, Maria Chiara Caschera, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni from Italy introduce in their research MuBeFE, a Multimodal Behavioural Features Extraction Method based on Hidden Markov Models, which allows to extract information such as communicative intention, the social style and personality traits. Güldem Alev Özkök from Turkey aims in her research to model the process of data visualization (DV) and design to facilitate computational thinking (CT) of secondary- level students. Uyara Ferreira Silva and Deller James Ferreira from Brazil present a systematic literature review based on 400 articles of the literature on productive dialogues and emotional aspects in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), and they also address emotional aspects used in debates with conflicting points of view in other contexts.

MuBeFE: Multimodal Behavioural Features Extraction Method

The paper aims to provide a method to analyse and observe the characteristics that distinguish the individual communication style such as the voice intonation, the size and slant used in handwriting and the trait, pressure and dimension used for sketching. These features are referred to as Communication Extensional Features. Observing from the Communication Extensional Features, the user’s behavioural features, such as the communicative intention, the social style and personality traits can be extracted. These behavioural features are referred to as Communication Intentional Features. For the extraction of Communication Intentional Features, a method based on Hidden Markov Models is provided in the paper. The Communication Intentional Features have been extracted at the modal and multimodal level; this represents an important novelty provided by the paper. The accuracy of the method was tested both at modal and multimodal levels. The evaluation process results indicate an accuracy of 93.3% for the Modal layer (handwriting layer) and 95.3% for the Multimodal layer.

THE AWARENESS OF THE MUSLIMS TOWARDS THREATS OF MODERN IDEOLOGY: A STIPULATION

Muslims to this day still face the challenges of modern ideology for a relatively long period of time. The emergence of modern ideologies such as secularism, liberalism, pluralism, and others became a great disaster that could erode the faith of Muslims towards Islam itself. Therefore, this article discusses the concerns of Muslims towards the threat of modern ideology which is a necessity today. This article is fully qualitative using data collection and data analysis methods involving library methods from printed materials using N-Vivo 2.0 software. This article finds that the beliefs of Muslims are increasingly threatened because some Muslims themselves prefer to choose modern ideology as a social style in life rather than Islamic teachings. They are based on modernity and the need for modern progress which indirectly causes Islam to become increasingly alienated from the core beliefs of Muslims. Therefore, Muslims need to be mobilized again to realize the threats and dangers of this modern ideology and return to the practice of the true religion of Islam.

The innovative mode of music culture industry is explored under the background of “Internet Plus”

Culture is the embodiment of a country's social style, as a country’s spiritual embodiment, culture can not only bring economic benefits to a country, but also can show a country’s social style, the role of culture can not be underestimated. Therefore, this paper is mainly based on the “Internet plus” background of the music and cultural industry innovation model to explore. Mainly for two aspects of research and discussion, the first is the current music and cultural industry facing the development of challenges; the second is the current music and cultural industry innovation model and innovative thinking. At the same time, I hope that enterprises can play a certain role in innovation inspiration. It is hoped that this paper can provide a little reference for the relevant research, so as to lay a solid foundation for the development of the relevant music and cultural industry.

Kecakapan Behavioral Dalam Proses Pembelajaran PAI Melalui Komunikasi Interpersonal

Penelitian ini membuat gambaran secara sistematis tentang bagaimana Kecakapan Behavioral dalam proses pembelajaran PAI melalui komunikasi interpersonal di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah AssalamMartapura. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada kecakapan behavioral yang artinya kecakapan pada tingkat perilaku. Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang untuk melaksanakan perilaku yang membawa seseorang mencapai tujuan dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain. Kecakapan behavioral ini meliputi: 1) Keterlibatan interaktif (interactive involvement). Kecakapan ini menentukan tingkat keikutsertaan dan partisipasi seseorang dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain. Kecakapan ini meliputi, sikap tanggap (responsiveness), sikap perseptif (perceptiveness) dan sikap penuh perhatian (attentiveness). 2) Manajemen interaksi (interaction management). Kecakapan itu membantu seseorang mampu mengambil tindakan-tindakan yang berguna bagi seseorang untuk mencapai tujuan komunikasi. 3) Keluwesan perilaku (behavioral flexibility). Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang untuk melaksanakan berbagai kemungkinan perilaku yang dapat diambil untuk mencapai tujuan komunikasi. 4) Mendengarkan (listening). Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang untuk dapat mendengarkan orang yang berkomunikasi dengan seseorang tidak hanya isi, tetapi juga perasaan, keprihatinan, dan kekhawatiran yang menyertainya. 5) Gaya sosial (social style). Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang dapat berperilaku menarik, khas, dan dapat diterima oleh orang yang berkomunikasi dengan seseorang tersebut. 6) Kecemasan komunikasi (communication anxiety). Dengan kecakapan ini seseorang dapat mengatasi rasa takut, bingung, dan kacau pikiran, tubuh gemetar, dan rasa demam panggung yang muncul dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain.

Avoidant social style among wild crested macaque males (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Although it is well established that female crested macaques (Macaca nigra) display very tolerant social styles, less is known about the extent to which crested macaque males can be characterized by the social style concept. We examined core social style traits and other measures of social interactions in three groups of wild crested macaque males in Tangkoko Reserve, Indonesia. Comparisons with males of other macaque species suggest that they display a mixture of tolerant and despotic indicators, a pattern inconsistent with tolerant, despotic or uniformly intermediate designations. Their apparent avoidance of affiliative interactions and reconciliation involving contact suggest that their relationships also contrast with the typically affiliative and relaxed social style of female crested macaques. Rather than labeling them as distinctly tolerant or despotic, we describe the social style of crested males as ‘avoidant’, which may reflect tense relationships due to high levels of risky reproductive competition.

Tipe Gaya Belajar Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Dalam Menghafal Al Qur’an di Yogyakarta

This study aims to determine the types of learning style of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) students in memorizing the Qur'an. The type of this research is qualitative research using Case Study strategy in two schools, namely MI Negeri 1 Bantul and MI YAPPI Gubukrubuh Gunungkidul. For data collection, this study uses three methods, namely observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study explained that there are at least four learning styles, namely 1). Visual style of students memorizing the Qur'an, 2). Aural style of students memorizing the Qur'an, 3). Kinesthetic style of students memorizing the Qur'an, and 4). Social style of students memorizing the Qur’an. Keywords: Types of Learning Style, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Memorizing the Qur'an