INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF TISSUE BIO-STIMULANT MADE FROM VELVET ANTLER DEER BY-PRODUCTS ON COW REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES

Исследования проводились в Алтайском крае на коровах Приобского типа черно-пестрой породы. Было сформировано 4 группы коров 3 лактации, аналогов по живой массе (500 кг), в период сухостоя, по 10 голов в каждой. Молочная продуктивность по последней контрольной дойке перед запуском составляла в среднем 22,5 л. Тканевый биостимулятор вводили с интервалом 14 дней, четырехкратно в период сухостоя и четырехкратно в период раздоя. В I опытной группе доза тканевого биостимулятора составляла 15 мл/гол., во II — 22,5 мл/гол., в III — 30 мл/гол. Опытную партию тканевого биостимулятора изготовили из субпродуктов и боенских отходов пантовых оленей. Наиболее оптимальной дозой применения тканевого биостимулятора следует считать 22,5 мл/гол, она способствовала сокращению времени прихода коров в первую половую охоту после отела на 3,9%, повышению результативности осеменения до 30,0%, уменьшению сервис-периода на 17,5% (P≤0,05) и индекса осеменения на 32,0%. The studies were conducted in in the herd of Black-Pied cows of the Priobskiy type. Four groups of 10 dry cows at the age of the 3rd lactation and comparable in live weight (500 kg) were formed. The milk yield at to the last control milking before drying-off averaged 22.5 liters. The tissue bio-stimulant was administered two weeks apart, four times during the dry period and four times during the first 100 days of lactation. The tissue bio-stimulant was administered in the following doses: in the 1st trial group — 15 mL per head; 2nd trial group — 22.5 mL per head; 3rd trial group - 30 mL per head. The trial batch of the tissue bio-stimulant was made from velvet antler deer by-products and slaughterhouse offal. The tissue bio-stimulant dose of 22.5 mL per head should be considered the most optimal one; it shortened time of coming in the first heat after calving by 3.9%, increased insemination effectiveness to 30.0%, shortened the service period by 17.5% (P≤0.05) and decreased the insemination index by 32.0%.

Optimization of production technologyof continuous cast rail steel for increasing its purity by non-metallic inclusions

The purpose of the work was to examine the reasons for formation of non-deformable non-metallic inclusions in rail steel and ways to reduce the rejection of finished rails due to the defects revealed during ultrasonic testing. The study was conducted at the steelmaking plant of JSC “Ural Steel”. In the central laboratory of the combine, a chemical analysis of non-metallic inclusions was carried out in the samples of finished rails produced from blanks manufactured by JSC “Ural Steel” and rejected at the ultrasonic test unit during the rail production at the “Aktobe Rail and Section Works” LLP. Non-metallic inclusions by their composition are represented by aluminium oxides. The most probable reasons for their formation have been determined as following: the use of aluminium containing ferroalloys and interaction of the melt components with refractory materials and casting powder. The authors made analysis of the ferroalloys used in production of rail steel. Industrial trials of the manufacturing process of continuously cast blanks from rail steel were carried out, where FS65 ferrosilicon, which contains aluminium, was replaced with silicon carbide. An increasing degree of silicon and carbon recovery in trial heats was noted. Evaluation of contamination with non-metallic inclusions and mechanical properties of the rail steel manufactured using the experimental technology showed that the service characteristics of the rail steel meet requirements of the state standard GOST R 51685 – 2013. The full-scale experiment has confirmed that the technology of alloying E76F rail steel with silicon carbide at JSC “Ural Steel” is technically feasible. The yield of 100-meter rails was increased by 17 % on a trial batch produced from JSC “Ural Steel” continuously cast blanks.

Improving the Tribological Properties of Ceramic Dies

The article is devoted to tribological studies of a ceramic composite with a zirconia-based die in order to replace carbide wire drawing dies with ceramic. Sliding friction was done according to the scheme finger-disk without lubrication and with lubrication. The wear rate and friction coefficients were determined, on the basis of which it is proposed to produce portage dies-blanks from zirconium ceramics. The influence of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of ceramics, especially cracking resistance, was studied. The optimum sintering temperature was determined by the criterion of fracture toughness. The formation of defects after the final firing was investigated. It was found that sintering at a temperature of 1600 ° C is more promising. An trial batch of zirconium ceramic dies showed positive results in the process of drawing copper wire in industrial situations.

Elaboration and industrial implementation of lean alloy steel rolled stock production for structures of road bridges

Within the national project “Safe and quality automobile roads” realization a big number of bridge passages will be constructed, including steel road bridges with small (14–42 m) spans instead of reinforced concrete bridges. Application of metal rolled products of 10ХСНД, 15ХСНД, 10ХСНДА, 15ХСНДА steels in the steel structures of bridges with small spans results in unreasonable increase the costs of the bridges structures. This circumstance stipulates necessity to elaboration and implementation of cheap lean alloy steel for manufacturing standard short-spanned bridges. The steel production should involve minimal and lean alloying method and ensure complex of operation properties in normalized state. At JSC “Ural Steel” an experiment work was accomplished for elaboration lean alloy steel 12Г2СБД due to STO 13657842-1 having standard yield strength 345 MPa. In cooperation with NIZ “Mosty”, OJSC “CNIIS” and CNIIchermet after I.P. Bardin technical specifications of plates for short-spanned bridges were elaborated and approved. Comprehensive technology of 12Г2СБД steel plate production was elaborated. A trial batch of 12Г2СБД steel plates was produced and shipped to ZAO “Kurganstalmost”. Study of welding and technological characteristics of the trial batch plates was carried out. The study showed, that the plates of 12Г2СБД steel have low sensitiveness against heat action of a welding thermal cycle and can be used in welding structures of steel bridge spans providing keeping the plant and assembling welding technology by standard regimes (due to welding technology of steel 10–15ХСНД). Application of the plant and assembling technology at welding by standard regimes makes it possible to use the plates of the elaborated steel for manufacturing metal structures of short-spanned metal bridges for various weather conditions. The plated can be used for both a regular performance (the calculated minimum temperature is down to –40 °С inclusive) and a northern performance Zone A (the calculated minimum temperature is down to –50 °С inclusive).

Intensive beef production. 8. The effect of chlortetracycline on growth, feed utilisation and incidence of liver abscesses in barley beef cattle

An experiment was conducted on 13 commercial barley beef units in Scotland, using a total of 301 early-weaned Friesian male calves. On each unit the trial batch of calves was divided into two groups, which were then allocated to a control diet (85% barley + 15% protein supplement) or the same diet supplemented with 20 mg. chlortetracycline per kg. of feed. The experiment was conducted over the live-weight range 115 to 360 kg.The chlortetracycline significantly (P<0·01) improved live-weight gain ( + 4·9%) and feed utilisation ( + 4·8%). This overall effect was largely due to a high response during the first 12 weeks. From 13 to 28 weeks the chlortetracycline had only a marginal effect, which was not significant. There was no significant difference in the feed intakes of the two groups. There was a significant (P<0·01) negative correlation between the effect of the chlortetracycline on live-weight gain at each unit and the growth rate of the control animals at that unit; the response was greatest on farms with poor hygiene. The animals given chlortetracycline showed a significantly (P<0·05) lower incidence of liver abscesses (11·8%) than the controls (28·2%). Macroscopic examination of the rumens showed that rumenitis is common among intensively fed cattle, but no correlation could be found between incidence of liver abscesses and rumen lesions.