INVENTARISASI EKHINODERMATA DI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG PERAIRAN SELAT LEMBEH

Perairan Selat Lembeh (Sulawesi Utara) merupakan salah satu perairan di Indonesia yang memiliki ekosistem yang unik dan dikenal secara internasional terutama untuk wisata selam. Kombinasi habitat lamun di beberapa titik ekosistem terumbu karang dan rataan substrat yang merupakan campuran pasir, lumpur dan patahan karang memungkinkan banyak biota laut yang tinggal dan mencari makanan di perairan ini, termasuk kelompok ekhinodermata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi ekhinodermata di ekosistem terumbu karang berdasarkan tingkat kedalaman.Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2013 dengan menggunakan metode transek sabuk (belt transect). Selama pengamatan tercatat 443 individu yang tergolong dalam 19 jenis ekhinodermata. Jumlah jenis terdiri dari 7 jenis kelompok bintang laut (Asteroidea), 4 jenis kelompok bulu babi (Echinoidea), 5 jenis kelompok bintang mengular (Ophiuroidea), 2 jenis kelompok timun laut (Holothuroidea) dan 1 jenis kelompok lili laut (Crinoidea). Tingkat keanekaragaman (H’= 1,83), kekayaan jenis (D= 2,53) dan kemerataan (J=0,95) di perairan ini tergolong tinggi dibandingkan perairan lain di Sulawesi Utara. Tingkat kedalaman yang memiliki jumlah jenis ekhinodermata paling tinggi adalah kedalaman 6 m hingga 9 m.INVENTORY OF ECHINODERM IN CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM LEMBEH STRAIT WATERS. Lembeh Strait waters (North Sulawesi) is one of areas in Indonesia demonstrates marine ecosystem and is globally known, particularly for diving tourism. Combination of seagrass beds, coral reefs, and bottom substrates consisting of black sand, mud and rubbles provides habitat and feeding ground for wide range of marine biota, including echinoderm. The present study aims to identify echinoderm distribution in related to water depth. Data collection was conducted from March to October 2013 applying belt transect method. A total of 443 individual of echinoderms belong to 19 species were recorded. Of these, seven species were Asteroidea, four species Echinoidea, five species were Ophiuroidea, two species were Holothuroidea, and one species were Crinoidea. Diversity (H’=1.83), richness (D=2.53) and Evennes Index (J=0.95) were relatively high in comparison to other areas in North Sulawesi. According to this study, the highest species richness was found from six to nine metres.

Biology Reproduction Of Banggai Cardinal Fish Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933 In Lembeh Strait

This research was conducted to determine the reproductive aspects of Banggai Cardinal Fish (Pterapogon kauderni) in the Lembeh Strait. Fish samples were obtained by “Small Chang Net” in the Lembeh Strait. The total sample was 150 individuals. Sex Ratio of Pterapogon kauderni in Serena Besar Island 1: 1, in LIPI 1: 1 water, and in Papusungan waters 1: 1. IKG Pterapogon kauderni in Serena besar location in females obtained 0.26 ± 0.21 and in males 0, 26 ± 0.13. Location of Papusungan, females obtained 1.25 ± 1.00 and in males 0.37 ± 0.16. Then finally, at the LIPI location, females obtained 0.64 ± 1.12 and in males 0.50 ±,69. Gonad Maturity Levels are classified into three categories, young gonads, mature and salty gonads, with a percentage of 25% of individual young gonads, 20% of mature gonads, and 55% of saline gonads, respectively. Gonadal maturity index in each category of gonad maturity is young gonad 0.23, mature 2.16 and salin 0.27. The "Ovarian Fecundity" is 30 ± 11 eggs, and the "Fecundity Brooding" fecundity is 48 ± 16 eggs.Keywords: Pterapogon kauderni, Sex Ratio, Gonad Maturity, FecundityABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek reproduksi ikan Capungan banggai (Pterapogon kauderni) yang ada di Selat Lembeh. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan cara ditangkap menggunakan “Small Chang Net” Di Selat Lembeh. Total hasil tangkapan Berjumlah 150 individu. Nisbah kelamin Pterapogon kauderni di Pulau Serena Besar 1 : 1. Di perairan LIPI 1 : 1, dan di Perairan Papusungan 1 : 1. IKG Ikan Pterapogon kauderni di lokasi P. Serena Besar betina diperoleh 0,26 ± 0,21 dan pada jantan 0,26 ± 0,13. Di lokasi Papusungan, betina diperoleh 1,25 ± 1,00 dan pada jantan 0,37 ± 0,16. Kemudian terakhir di lokasi LIPI, pada betina diperoleh 0,64 ± 1,12 dan pada jantan 0,50 ± ,69. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad dikelompookan dalam tiga kategori yakni gonad muda, matang dan salin, dengan prosentasi masing-masing 25 % idividu gonad muda, 20% gonad matang, dan 55% gonad salin. Indeks kematangan gonad pada setiap kategori kematangan gonad adalah gonad muda 0,23, matang 2,16 dan salin 0,27. Fekunditas “Ovarian fecundity“ adalah sebanya 30±11 butir telur, dan fekunditas “Brooding fecundity“ adalah 48±16 butir telur.Kata kunci: Pterapogon kauderni, Nisbah Kelamin, Kematangan Gonad, Fekunditas

EVALUASI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Aplysina sp. DIPESISIR PANTAI LEMBEH KOTA BITUNG

ABSTRACT Aplysina sp., is one of the marine biota, which forms the coral reefs that contain active compounds, whose percentage of activity is greater than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of the sponge Aplysina sp. Sponge sample Aplysina sp., obtained from the waters of the Lembeh Strait, Bitung. This research is an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of sponge Aplysina sp., with the DPPH method [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil] to analyze antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The results of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of the sponge Aplysina sp. Lembeh straits waters have antioxidant activity in each concentration test. The highest concentration has an antidote to free radical activity by reaching a percentage of 24,83%. Keywords : Aplysina sp., Antioxidants, Ethanol, DPPH ABSTRAK Spons Aplysina sp. merupakan salah satu biota laut penyusun terumbu karang yang mengandung senyawa aktif yang presentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari spons Aplysina sp. Sampel spons Aplysina sp. di peroleh dari perairan Selat Lembeh, Bitung. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ektrak etanol spons Aplysina sp.dengan metode DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan sprektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan ekstrak etanol spons Aplysina sp.di perairan selat lembeh mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujiannya. Konsetrasi tertinggi memliki aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas dengan mencapai presentase 24,83%. Kata kunci :Aplysina sp., Antioksidan, Etanol, DPPH

Seasonal Variations of Temperature, Salinity and Turbidity of the Lembeh Strait’s waters, North Sulawesi

Research on seasonal variations of temperature, salinity and turbidity of the Lembeh Strait’s waters were carried out in March 2016 to February 2017. Observations of temperature, salinity and turbidity were conducted using the Sonde EXO-2 multi parameter tool. The purpose of this study was to determine the seasonal effect on temperature, salinity and turbidity Lembeh Strait’s water. The results of the statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tuckey's test showed that the season affected the salinity and temperature, whereas no significant effect were observed on turbidity. Variations in temperature, salinity and turbidity are affected by external factors such as weather, wind and seasonal current patterns occurred in these waters. The conditions of temperature, salinity and turbidity of sea water in Lembeh Strait are still adequate for marine life.Keywords: temperature, salinity, turbidity, oceanography, Lembeh Strait

Seasonal Evolution Features of Water Transport in the Lembeh strait of North Sulawesi

<p>A three-dimensional baroclinic nonlinear numerical model is employed to investigate the seasonal evolution features of water transport in the Lembeh Strait of north Sulawesi. In general, the direction of water flow in the strait is oriented northward with a maximum volume of about 4x10<sup>-3</sup>Sv in August. Interestingly, the volume transport will decrease to nearly zero from November to January. Water transport is mainly controlled by seasonally changed monsoon forcing. The large-scale ocean circulation nearby North Sulawesi is weaker during November-January and stronger from July to September. In addition, the source of water bypasses the Lembeh Strait in different seasons is diagnosed and testified by tracer-release experiments. It suggests that most of the water through the narrow channel is emanated from the southern off the Strait, not only the surface water, but also the deep water brought by the upwelling and the internal tides.</p>

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN ALGA Halimeda opuntia DENGAN METODE DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil]

Macroalgae genus Halimeda has potential as an antioxidant. Halimeda Opuntia is one type of green algae that is quite dominant in the waters of Lembeh Strait, Bitung. The research aims to analyse the antioxidant activity of Halimeda Opuntia. This research is an experimental laboratory with testing the ethanol extract of the Halimeda algae with the DPPH method [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] to analyse antioxidant activity by using Spectrophotometer. The research shows the antioxidant levels of Halimeda Opuntia algae in the waters of Lembeh Strait has antioxidant activity and the higher the concentration higher also the antioxidant levels are produced. The highest antioxidant levels are found in the Halimeda opuntia with a concentration of 100mg/L. This results show that extract of Halimeda opuntia possesses a vital potency as an antioxidant that give value added in pharmacy industries.Keywords: Activity, Antioxidants, DPPH, Halimeda opuntia.ABSTRAKMakroalga genus Halimeda terdapat potensi sebagai antioksidan. Halimeda opuntia merupakan salah satu jenis alga hijau yang cukup dominan di perairan Selat Lembeh, Bitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari Halimeda opuntia. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ektrak etanol alga Halimeda opuntia dengan metode DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan kadar antioksidan dari alga Halimeda opuntia di perairan Selat lembeh mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi semakin tinggi pula kadar antioksidan yang dihasilkan. Kadar antioksidan yang paling besar terdapat pada alga Halimeda opuntia dengan konsentrasi 100mg/L. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Halimeda opuntia memiliki potensi vital sebagai antioksidan yang memberikan nilai tambah dalam industri farmasi.Kata kunci: Aktivitas, Antioksidan, DPPH, Halimeda opuntia.

Size, Length-Weight Relationship And Condition Factor Of Banggai Cardinal Fish, Pterapogon Kauderni Koumans, 1933 In Lembeh Strait North Sulawesi

This study aims to determine the size distribution and the relationship between length and weight and condition factors of Banggai Cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) in the Lembeh Strait. Fish samples were obtained by using Chang Net in the Lembeh Strait. Total fish caught were 150 individuals from three sites namely Serena Besar Island, the waters in front of LIPI and the waters in front of Papusungan village with 50 fish each. The size distribution of Pterapogon kauderni fish ranges from 4.13 - 8.92 cm and dominated by the size class of 7.13 - 7.72 cm while the size class of 4.13 - 4.72 cm only contains 3 individuals. The length-weight relationship of male fish is W = 0.0285 L2.6496 (n = 77; R2 = 0.7231), and female fish W = 0.837 L2.0723 (n = 73; R2 = 0.6626). The growth pattern analysis shows a negative allometric pattern both for males and females while the condition factors of male fish are 1.020 ± 0.202 and female 1.027 ± 0.236.Keywords: Kauderni pterapogon, distribution size, length-weight relationship, condition factorAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran dan hubungan panjang berat serta faktor kondisi ikan Capungan Banggai (Pterapogon kauderni) yang ada di Selat Lembeh. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan cara ditangkap menggunakan Chang Net di Selat Lembeh. Total hasil tangkapan adalah 150 individu masing-masing 50 di Pulau Serena Besar, Perairan depan LIPI dan Perairan depan desa Papusungan. Sebaran ukuran ikan Pterapogon kauderni berkisar antara 4,13 – 8,92 cm dan didominasi oleh kelas ukuran 7,13 – 7,72 cm sedangkan kelas ukuran 4,13 – 4,72 cm hanya terdapat 3 individu. Hubungan panjang-berat ikan jantan adalah W = 0,0285L2,6496 & (n = 77 ; R2 = 0,7231), ikan betina W = 0,837L2,0723 (n = 73 ; R2 = 0,6626). Analisis pola pertumbuhan menunjukan pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif baik jantan maupun betina. sedangkan Faktor kondisi ikan jantan 1,020 ± 0,202 dan betina 1,027 ± 0,236.Kata kunci: Pterapogon kauderni, sebaran ukuran, panjang berat, faktor kondisi