Synthesis of Aerogel with Graphene and Significance with Aerospace Industry

The Primarily focus on Graphene Aerogel, its synthesis and structural integrity together with high electrical conduction. Graphene could be a new nanocarbon that has, single-, bi- or few- layers of carbon atoms forming membered rings. Mechanically powerful and electrically semiconductive graphene aerogels will be produced by either essential drying or freeze of gel precursors integration from the reduction of graphene substance with L-ascorbic acid. In distinction to ways in which utilize physical cross-links between GO, this approach provides valency carbon bonding between the graphene sheets. The graphene aerogels put together possess large surface areas and pore volumes, creating those materials to a feasible possibility to be used in energy repository, catalysis, and sensing applications. We've additionally showcased some applications for Graphene Aerogel such as their electrical conductivities, Lithium-ion batteries and electrical phenomenon devices, Supercapacitors and photocatalysis.

Photons detected in the active nerve by photographic technique

The nervous system is one of the most complex expressions of biological evolution. Its high performance mostly relies on the basic principle of the action potential, a sequential activation of local ionic currents along the neural fiber. The implications of this essentially electrical phenomenon subsequently emerged in a more comprehensive electromagnetic perspective of neurotransmission. Several studies focused on the possible role of photons in neural communication and provided evidence of the transfer of photons through myelinated axons. A hypothesis is that myelin sheath would behave as an optical waveguide, although the source of photons is controversial. In a previous work, we proposed a model describing how photons would arise at the node of Ranvier. In this study we experimentally detected photons in the node of Ranvier by Ag+ photoreduction measurement technique, during electrically induced nerve activity. Our results suggest that in association to the action potential a photonic radiation takes place in the node.

Compact Ultra wide band MIMO Antenna for Isolation

In this article, we have presented various techniques that are used for improving different parameters related to UWB antenna. In this Paper, we planned for high isolation for MIMO antennas in contemporary wireless communication which enhances the bandwidth and gives compact antennas. The antenna band we notched is of planned MIMO which offers an electric resistance bandwidth with an honest electrical phenomenon matching over the operational band-notched at C range. We improve the isolation of port with the extruded isolation of T-shaped antenna assistance. We fabricate the antenna in common size on PCB using FB8 fast fabrication technology, different number of house hold alternative things are studied with connecting the Universal Serial Bus of housing device having very keen and sensible performance of it. For the major applications of antennas pattern this MIMO based UWB frequency movable antenna of planned type are commonly used. The parameters to assess the performance of the MIMO are explained.

A review of beat-to-beat vectorcardiographic (VCG) parameters for analyzing repolarization variability in ECG signals

Elevated ventricular repolarization lability is believed to be linked to the risk of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. However, ventricular repolarization is a complex electrical phenomenon, and abnormalities in ventricular repolarization are not completely understood. To evaluate repolarization lability, vectorcardiography (VCG) is an alternative approach where the electrocardiographic (ECG) signal can be considered as possessing both magnitude and direction. Recent research has shown that VCG is advantageous over ECG signal analysis for identification of repolarization abnormality. One of the key reasons is that the VCG approach does not rely on exact identification of the T-wave offset, which improves the reproducibility of the VCG technique. However, beat-to-beat variability in VCG is an emerging area for the investigation of repolarization abnormality though not yet fully realized. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the techniques, findings, and efficacy of beat-to-beat VCG parameters for analyzing repolarization lability, which may have potential utility for further study.

Macroscopic electrical propagation in the guinea pig urinary bladder

There is little knowledge about macroscopic electrical propagation in the wall of the urinary bladder. Recording simultaneously from a large number of extracellular electrodes is one technology that could be used to study the patterns of macroscopic electrical propagations. The urinary bladders from 14 guinea pigs were isolated and placed in an organ bath. A 16 × 4-electrode array was positioned at various sites on the serosal bladder surface, and recordings were performed at different intravesical volumes. In four experiments, carbachol (CCH; 10−6 M), nifedipine (10 mM), or tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10−6 M) was added to the superfusing fluid. After the experiments, the extracellular signals were analyzed and propagation maps were constructed. Electrical waves were detected at all sites on the bladder surface and propagated for a limited distance before terminating spontaneously. The majority of waves (>90%) propagated in the axial direction (i.e., from dome to base or vice versa). An increase in vesicle volume significantly decreased the conduction velocity (from 4.9 ± 1.5 to 2.7 ± 0.7 cm/s; P < 0.05). CCH increased, nifedipine decreased, while TTX had little effect on electrical activities. In addition, a new electrical phenomenon, termed a “patch,” was discovered whereby a simultaneous electrical deflection was detected across an area of the bladder surface. Two types of electrical activities were detected on the bladder surface: 1) electrical waves propagating preferentially in the axial direction and 2) electrical patches. The propagating electrical waves could form the basis for local spontaneous contractions in the bladder during the filling phase.

Investigation of Ferroresonance Mitigation Techniques in Voltage Transformer Using ATP-EMTP Simulation

Ferroresonance is a complex nonlinear electrical phenomenon that can cause dielectric and thermal problems for electrical equipment. Electrical systems with ferroresonant behavior are nonlinear dynamical systems. The ferroresonance phenomenon may take place when the core of an inductive device becomes saturated, and its current flux characteristic becomes nonlinear. While in the case of a linear resonant circuit the resonance frequency is well defined, in the case of a nonlinear circuit, the oscillations may exist at various frequencies, depending on many factors of the particular case. In this paper, ferroresonance phenomenon and its mitigation techniques in 33 kV/110 V voltage transformers (VT) were studied using ATP-EMTP simulation. Initial investigations were carried out for the VT failures occurred at one substation in Malaysia. Physical and burn characteristics of the failed VTs were studied. Simulation results show that ferroresonance cannot be proven to have occurred at the VT due to switching operations since one precondition, namely the critical capacitance, could not have been satisfied. However, in the event of a ferroresonance occurring, several mitigation techniques such as using load resistors, proper grounding sequence, reconfiguration of VT connection, and overcurrent and overvoltage protection can be implemented.

Detection and Characterization of an Electrical Failure Induced during Laser Ablation of Packages

Decapsulation of complex semiconductor packages for failure analysis is enhanced by laser ablation. If lasers are potentially dangerous for Integrated Circuits (IC) surface they also generate a thermal elevation of the package during the ablation process. During measurement of this temperature it was observed another and unexpected electrical phenomenon in the IC induced by laser. It is demonstrated that this new phenomenon is not thermally induced and occurs under certain ablation conditions.