scholarly journals Cryptofaunal diversity in fringing reef rhodoliths

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Abrecht ◽  
Viktor Nunes Peinemann ◽  
Ara Kevork Yazaryan ◽  
Madeline Kestler ◽  
Braden Charles DeMattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
French Polynesia ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
North Shore ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Fringing Reefs ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractRhodolith distribution, morphology, and cryptofauna have been minimally studied on fringing reefs. We present the first study to examine both rhodolith distribution and associated cryptofauna in a tropical fringing reef, located along the microtidal, wave-dominated north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia. We find higher abundances of larger, rounder, and more branching rhodoliths in locations where longer waves impact the fringing reef. Among 1879 animals extracted and identified from 145 rhodoliths, ophiuroids, polychaetes, decapod crustaceans, and gastropods are most abundant, with a wide range of additional taxa contributing to diversity. Large and branching rhodoliths contain the greatest number and diversity of cryptofaunal organisms and are the preferred habitat of rigid-bodied, non-burrowing forms. Overall, exposure to waves entering the lagoon through passes appears to be a critical determinant of rhodolith abundance, morphotype, and in turn cryptofaunal composition in fringing reef habitats.

scholarly journals Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Bryce M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Clinical Drug Development ◽  
Wide Range

Viral hemorrhagic fever viruses come from a wide range of virus families and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Animal models of infection with a number of these viruses have contributed to our knowledge of their pathogenesis and have been crucial for the development of therapeutics and vaccines that have been approved for human use. Most of these models use artificially high doses of virus, ensuring lethality in pre-clinical drug development studies. However, this can have a significant effect on the immune response generated. Here I discuss how the dose of antigen or pathogen is a critical determinant of immune responses and suggest that the current study of viruses in animal models should take this into account when developing and studying animal models of disease. This can have implications for determination of immune correlates of protection against disease as well as informing relevant vaccination and therapeutic strategies.

Parasaissetia nigra. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae Attacks a wide range of crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Lao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Fed. Stales of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Samoan Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Parasitic infection and chronic energy deficiency in adults

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (S1) ◽  
pp. S159-S167 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Shetty ◽  
N. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Relationship Of

Interactions between infection and nutrition have been well recognized for several years now since they contribute directly to the health of individuals and communities. Malnourished individuals are specially prone to developing infections while infections themselves can lead to profound changes in the nutritional status of the individual. Health workers in developing countries in the tropics have long recognized the mutually aggravating interactions of malnutrition and infection. The importance of this synergistic relationship between infection and nu-tritional status has been studied extensively in the case of young children. The nutritional status of a young child is a critical determinant of both c morbidity and mortality resulting from a wide range of infections: bacterial, viral, or parasitic. Chandra (1983), in his review on the relationship of nutrition, immunity and infection has categorized the wide range of infectious agents (bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic) into those that are definitely, variably or minimally influenced by the nutritional status of the child.

Colletotrichum capsici. [Distribution map].

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) E.J. Butler & Bisby Fungi: Ascomycotina: Glomerellaceae Hosts: especially Solanaceae but also occurring on a wide range of other broad-leaved plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Guangdong, Shandong, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya, Pradesh Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, AFRICA, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Malawi, Nigeria, Seychelles, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Cuba, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, OCEANIA, American, Samoa, Australia, Western Australia Fed., States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

Abstract WP413: Portable, Bedside, Point of Care Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an Intensive Care Setting for Intracranial Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A Cahn ◽  
Jill T Shah ◽  
Samantha By ◽  
E. B Welch ◽  
Laura Sacolick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Radiographic diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical determinant of stroke care pathways requiring patient transport to a neuroimaging suite. Advances in low-field MRI have made it possible to obtain clinically useful imaging at the point of care (POC). Aim: The aim of this study was to obtain preliminary data regarding the ability of a bedside POC MRI scanner to detect ICH. Methods: We studied 36 patients with a diagnosis of ICH (n=18) or ischemic stroke (n=18). Five blinded readers independently evaluated T2W and FLAIR exams acquired prospectively on a 64 mT, portable bedside MRI system (Hyperfine Research, Inc). Kappa coefficients (κ) were calculated to determine inter-rater agreement. Ground truth was obtained from the clinical report of the closest conventional imaging study (17.9 ± 10.4 hours) and verified by a core reader. For each exam, majority consensus among raters was used to determine sensitivity. Results: ICH volume ranged from 4 to 101 cc (median of 13 cc). Exams were acquired within 7 days of symptom onset (51.1 ± 28.8 hours). A pathologic lesion was identified on every exam with 100% sensitivity. Sensitivity for distinguishing any hemorrhage was 89% and specificity was 83%. The mean sensitivity and specificity for individual raters was 79% and 69%, respectively. When limited to supratentorial hemorrhage, consensus sensitivity was 94%. For ICH cases detected by all raters (n=9), there was 100% accuracy for localizing the bleed (lobar vs. non-lobar) with perfect agreement among raters (κ = 1, p <0.0001). There was substantial agreement for identifying intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (κ = 0.72, p < 0.0001). Sensitivity for IVH was 100% based on rater consensus. Figure 1 shows a POC exam with an ICH and IVH. Conclusions: These data suggest that low-field, POC MRI may be used to detect hemorrhagic stroke at the bedside. Further work is needed to evaluate this approach in the hyperacute setting and across a wide range of ICH characteristics.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Beach Nourishment Methodology and Performance at Two Fringing Reef Beaches in Waikiki (Hawaii, USA) and Cadiz (SW Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Muñoz-Perez ◽  
Shari L. Gallop ◽  
Luis J. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Beach Dynamics ◽  
Fringing Reefs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Native Sediment ◽  
Current Energy

Fringing reefs have significant impacts on beach dynamics, yet there is little research on how they should be considered in beach nourishment design, monitoring, and conservation works. Thus, the behavior and characteristics of nourishment projects at two reef protected beaches, Royal Hawaiian Beach (RHB) in Hawaii, USA, and Victoria Beach (VB) in Cadiz, Spain, are compared to provide transferable information for future nourishment projects and monitoring in fringing reef environments. The nourishment cost at RHB was nine times higher than VB. This is partly due to lower total volume and a more complex placement and spreading method at RHB, despite the much closer borrow site at RHB. There was a significant difference in post-nourishment monitoring frequency and assessment of accuracy. RHB elevation was monitored quarterly for 2.7 years at 30 m-spaced profiles, compared to 5 years of biannual surveys of 50 m-spacing at VB. An additional problem related to the presence of reefs at both RHB and VB was estimating the beach volume increase after nourishment, due to variable definitions of the ‘beach’ area and high alongshore variability in reef topography. At sites where non-native sediment is used, it is imperative to understand how wave and current energy changes due to reefs will influence nourishment longevity. Thus, differences in erosion and accretion mechanisms at both beaches have been detected, though are still little understood. Moreover, discrepancies in sediment porosity between the two sites (which should be surveyed in future nourishments) have been found, probably due to differences in the nourishment sand transportation and distribution methods. In summary, more dialogue is needed to explicitly consider the influence of fringing reefs on coastal processes and beach nourishment projects.

Pathology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in two model avian hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Barbora Fecková ◽  
Priyanka Djoehana ◽  
Barbora Putnová ◽  
Michaela Valašťanová ◽  
Michaela Petríková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Natural Pest Control

Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes severe neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including several avian species. A laboratory isolate of A. cantonensis originating from French Polynesia, genotyped as clade 2, was used to assess the effect of experimental infection in chicken and Japanese quail. Low dose groups of birds were infected orally by 100 L3 larvae, high dose groups by 1500 L3 larvae and the birds in the third group were fed three infected snails, mimicking a natural infection. Clinical signs during the first week after infection, haematology, biochemistry, gross lesions and histology findings were used to assess the pathology of the infection. Some of the infected birds showed peripheral eosinophilia, while mild neurological signs were seen in others. No larvae were observed in serial sections of the central nervous system of infected birds 1 week after infection and no major gross lesions were observed during necropsy; histopathology did not reveal lesions directly attributable to A. cantonensis infection. Our results suggest that galliform birds are not highly susceptible to A. cantonensis infection and open a question of the importance of Galliformes in endemic areas as natural pest control, lowering the number of hosts carrying the infective larvae.

scholarly journals Structure and Biodiversity of Rhodolith Seabeds: A Special Issue

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Tuya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Wide Range

Rhodolith seabeds function as ‘ecosystems engineers’, which globally provide a range of ‘ecosystem services’. However, knowledge on the structure, composition and distribution of rhodolith seabeds is still lacking. This Special Issue comprises six articles, addressing specific questions of rhodolith seabeds, and covering a wide range of topics. Two papers provide new large-scale information on the presence, structure and distribution of rhodolith beds at two southern hemisphere areas, in particular continental shelfs off South Africa and Brazil. Another two studies contributed to the discovery on new algal species from rhodolith beds, including Sporolithon franciscanum, a new rhodolith-forming species from Brazil, and the small benthic alga Schizocladia ischiensis. In terms of associated fauna, the taxonomic composition and patterns of abundance of decapod crustaceans are described in another article, including the description of a depth-partitioning in the abundance of juveniles and adults of the crab Nanocassiope melanodactylus. Rhodoliths are often present in fossilized deposits, so we can track changes in their presence with climate fluctuations. High temperatures during the Eocene and widespread oligotrophic conditions are finally connected with low abundances of rhodolith beds at mid and high latitudes, despite a larger presence at equatorial regions.

scholarly journals Deep-water decapod crustaceans studied with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3550 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH POUPIN ◽  
LAURE CORBARI ◽  
THIERRY PÉREZ ◽  
PIERRE CHEVALDONNÉ
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Density ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

Decapod crustaceans were studied in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, between 50–550 m by using a remotelyoperated vehicle (ROV) equipped with high resolution cameras and an articulated arm. Careful examination of videos andphotographs combined with previous inventories made in the area with conventional gears allowed the identification of30 species, including 20 species-level determinations. Species identified belong to shrimps (Penaeoidea, Stenopodidea,and Caridea), lobsters (Astacidea and Achelata), anomurans (Galatheoidea and Paguroidea), and brachyuran crabs(Dromioidea, Homolodromioidea, Raninoidea, Leucosioidea, Majoidea, Parthenopoidea, Portunoidea, and Trapezioidea).Most of these species were observed and photographed in situ for the first time. A discussion is given on the geographic distribution, density, ecology, and behavior.

Regional Differences in Otolith Morphology of the Deep Slope Red Snapper Etelis carbunculus

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kimberly Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Otolith Shape ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range

Sagittal otoliths from four populations of the Pacific deep slope red snapper Etelis carbunculus Cuvier were compared using Fourier descriptors and other shape indices, linear proportions, and dry weight. Otoliths from Hawaii, Vanuatu, Fiji and French Polynesia and a small number from the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (NMI) were examined. Regional shape and weight characteristics were distinguishable, despite the wide range of individual variation and limited available size range from some regions. Size-specific differences in otolith shape were found for the four regions for which a sufficient sample was available. Otoliths from Hawaii, French Polynesia, and NMI showed a significant shape affinity. Otoliths from Fiji and Vanuatu were similarly shaped and were distinct from those from the other three regions. Interregional otolith shape affinities for the stocks examined parallel similarities in maximum size and growth rate from the literature, suggesting that growth rate may influence otolith shape. Observed trends in otolith weight as a function of fish length support growth-related regional differences in otolith shape.

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