Relative Dating of Moraines from the Arid Part of Altai: Applying of Rock Weathering and Colonization by Biota Data within the Framework of the Method

For the Altai mountainous region, especially the arid south-eastern part, the history of glacier fluctuations in Pleistocene and Holocene is still poorly known. The key plots were located in the Kargy valley (2288-2387 m a. s. l.) that is not currently affected by glaciations. The relative dating method was applied to define Pleistocene moraine chronology and configuration in the Kargy valley. Taking into account that relative dating methods are primarily based on weathering pat-terns, the mineralogy, porosity, and specificity of biological colonization as an agent of weath-ering were obtained for the moraine samples. Three moraine groups of different age (presumably MIS 6, MIS 4, and MIS 2) were identifies based on detailed investigation of morphological features. The moraine age was indirectly confirmed by the mesostructure of the moraine samples repre-sented by fine-grained shale: the older sample is characterized by a more developed fractal sur-face than the younger one. The growth of biota (crustose lichen and micromycetes) leads to initial biomass accumulation and subsequent rock disintegration. The accumulation of autochthonous fine earth on the rock surface was considered the initial stage of fine earth formation affected by biota.

The Effect of Combined Loads on the Destruction of Rocks with a Granular Structure

The article addresses the features of rock disintegration based on the principles of selective and preferential destruction in high-frequency cone vibratory crushers with a free-turning inner cone. Based on the common method for determining the ultimate strength of rocks, a method for investigating the process of ore destruction under repeated and versatile influences has been proposed depending on the structure of the crushed material. The results of an experimental research of the destruction of rock samples on a press with limited force are given.

Statistical Process Control Charts Applied to Rock Disintegration Quality Improvement

At present, ever higher demands are placed on the quality of products. The success of organizations in the global market depends mainly on measuring and evaluating their products quality. A set of measurable criteria usually determines product quality. There are many technological processes in the structure of a production organization that is statistically unstable. The norms of ISO class 9000 emphasize statistical process control, known as SPC (Statistical Process Control). They represent a methodology for eliminating the causes of instability of production or technological process. The paper deals with the application of control charts for the technological process of rock disintegration by rotary drilling. The measured values of the dynamic system drilling tool-rock in working mode are processed. The control charts are applied to the input (control) variables of the pressure force-F (N), revolutions-n (rpm), and the output measured variable of the vibration signal of the acceleration. The article constructs and presents the resulting important control charts for the technological process of rock disintegration by rotary drilling. It is essential that for the technological process of rock drilling, the variables that enter and exit the dynamic system must be statistically manageable. The stable state of the input technical parameters (revolutions and pressure force) of the drilling tool is essential from the technological, performance, and economic point of view. The stable state of the output parameters is of significant importance in preventing the emergency state, excessive wear of the drilling equipment and optimizing the optimal operating mode. Industrial practice points out that the correct application of statistical regulation stabilizes the technological process, increasing the quality and productivity of work.

Building a Knowledge base on Patenting of Technologies and Equipment for Disintegration of Rocks with Obtaining Crushed Stone

Rock disintegration is one of the most important technological operations in the production of crushed stone, which is widely used in the construction of roads and railways, buildings, structures, hydraulic engineering facilities, bridges, tunnels, the production of concrete, asphalt, dry building mixes, and other objects and products. In recent years, research has been actively conducted to improve the processes of rock disintegration by reducing energy intensity and improving the quality of disintegrating technologies and equipment. Moreover, developers and inventors are actively patenting the results of their intellectual activities in the field of promising types of new intellectual property for high-potential technologies and equipment for producing high-quality crushed stone. This fact indicates that the problems of improving the quality and efficiency of technologies and disintegrating equipment, in particular crushers for obtaining crushed stone, have not been solved yet. All this necessitates the synthesis and patenting of new market-competitive technologies and equipment for obtaining crushed stone by disintegrating rocks. In this regard, the authors of this work carried out research aimed at building a knowledge base in the field of patenting technologies and crushers that ensure the production of crushed stone for the construction of roads and railways, buildings, structures, hydraulic engineering facilities, bridges, tunnels, the production of concrete, asphalt, dry mixes, and other objects and products. The research also included the categorization of the main areas of patenting in this field. This involved using the method of system analysis performed based on the results of patent information search, collecting and systematizing the information. The current state and trends of patenting in the field of rock disintegration are identified, the main goals (effects) of patented intellectual property are defined. The article presents the most noteworthy patents collected during the building the knowledge base.

Study on the fractal model of water immersed collapse of Soft Rock

Soft rock is a common rock mass in engineering, one of its characteristics is water swelling and disintegration. In this paper, the nonlinear fractal geometry is introduced and the correlation fractal dimension is used to study the characteristics of slate disintegration, based on the laboratory test of water immersion disintegration, the method of quality fractal dimension is used to solve the fractal dimension of the disintegration of slate, and the change of fractal dimension is used to reflect the characteristics of the softening and disintegration of slate when encountering water. The experimental results show that the fractal model can be used to fully understand the development and evolution of rock disintegration process, and to quantitatively link the relationship between rock expansion and disintegration. The conclusion has guiding significance for engineering practice.

Drying of channels by evaporation through a permeable medium

We study the drying of isolated channels initially filled with water moulded in a water-permeable polymer (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) by pervaporation, when placed in a dry atmosphere. Channel drying is monitored by tracking a meniscus, separating water from air, advancing within the channels. The role of two geometrical parameters, the channel width and the PDMS thickness, is investigated experimentally. All data show that drying displays a truncated exponential dynamics. A fully predictive analytical model, in excellent agreement with the data, is proposed to explain such a dynamics, by solving water diffusion both in the PDMS layer and in the gas inside the channel. This drying process is crucial in geological or biological systems, such as rock disintegration or the drying of plant leaves after cavitation and embolism formation.