Proof of the Bessenrodt–Ono Inequality by Induction

In 2016 Bessenrodt–Ono discovered an inequality addressing additive and multiplicative properties of the partition function. Generalizations by several authors have been given; on partitions with rank in a given residue class by Hou–Jagadeesan and Males, on k-regular partitions by Beckwith–Bessenrodt, on k-colored partitions by Chern–Fu–Tang, and Heim–Neuhauser on their polynomization, and Dawsey–Masri on the Andrews spt-function. The proofs depend on non-trivial asymptotic formulas related to the circle method on one side, or a sophisticated combinatorial proof invented by Alanazi–Gagola–Munagi. We offer in this paper a new proof of the Bessenrodt–Ono inequality, which is built on a well-known recursion formula for partition numbers. We extend the proof to the result by Chern–Fu–Tang and its polynomization. Finally, we also obtain a new result.

Elliptic blowup equations for 6d SCFTs. Part IV. Matters

Given the recent geometrical classification of 6d (1, 0) SCFTs, a major question is how to compute for this large class their elliptic genera. The latter encode the refined BPS spectrum of the SCFTs, which determines geometric invariants of the associated elliptic non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper we establish for all 6d (1, 0) SCFTs in the atomic classification blowup equations that fix these elliptic genera to large extent. The latter fall into two types: the unity and the vanishing blowup equations. For almost all rank one theories, we find unity blowup equations which determine the elliptic genera completely. We develop several techniques to compute elliptic genera and BPS invariants from the blowup equations, including a recursion formula with respect to the number of strings, a Weyl orbit expansion, a refined BPS expansion and an ϵ1, ϵ2 expansion. For higher-rank theories, we propose a gluing rule to obtain all their blowup equations based on those of rank one theories. For example, we explicitly give the elliptic blowup equations for the three higher-rank non-Higgsable clusters, ADE chain of −2 curves and conformal matter theories. We also give the toric construction for many elliptic non-compact Calabi- Yau threefolds which engineer 6d (1, 0) SCFTs with various matter representations.

On a stochastic order induced by an extension of Panjer’s family of discrete distributions

We factorize probability mass functions of discrete distributions belonging to Panjer’s family and to its certain extensions to define a stochastic order on the space of distributions supported on $${\mathbb {N}}_0$$ N 0 . Main properties of this order are presented. Comparison of some well-known distributions with respect to this order allows to generate new families of distributions that satisfy various recurrrence relations. The recursion formula for the probabilities of corresponding compound distributions for one such family is derived. Applications to various domains of reliability theory are provided.

Dynamic Stiffness Formulation for Free Vibration of Truncated Conical Shell and Its Combinations with Uniform Boundary Restraints

This paper presents a dynamic stiffness formulation for the free vibration analysis of truncated conical shell and its combinations with uniform boundary restraints. The displacement fields are expressed as power series, and the coefficients of the series are obtained as recursion formula by substituting the power series into the governing equations. Then, the general solutions can be replaced by an algebraic sum which contains eight base functions, which can diminish the number of degrees of freedom directly. The dynamic stiffness matrix is formulated based on the relationship between the force and displacement along the boundary lines. In the formulation, arbitrary elastic boundary restraints can be realized by introducing four sets of boundary springs along the displacement directions at the boundary lines. The modeling methodology can be easily extended to the combinations of conical shells with different thickness and semivertex angles. The convergence and accuracy of the present formulation are demonstrated by comparing with the finite element method using several numerical examples. Effects of the elastic boundary condition and geometric dimension on the free vibration characteristics are investigated, and several representative mode shapes are depicted for illustrative purposes.

Normal ordering normal modes

In a soliton sector of a quantum field theory, it is often convenient to expand the quantum fields in terms of normal modes. Normal mode creation and annihilation operators can be normal ordered, and their normal ordered products have vanishing expectation values in the one-loop soliton ground state. The Hamiltonian of the theory, however, is usually normal ordered in the basis of operators which create plane waves. In this paper we find the Wick map between the two normal orderings. For concreteness, we restrict our attention to Schrodinger picture scalar fields in 1+1 dimensions, although we expect that our results readily generalize beyond this case. We find that plane wave ordered n-point functions of fields are sums of terms which factorize into j-point functions of zero modes, breather and continuum normal modes. We find a recursion formula in j and, for products of fields at the same point, we solve the recursion formula at all j.

Diffusively-Coupled Rock-Paper-Scissors Game with Mutation in Scale-Free Hierarchical Networks

We present a metapopulation dynamic model for the diffusively-coupled rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game with mutation in scale-free hierarchical networks. We investigate how the RPS game changes by mutation in scale-free networks. Only the mutation from rock to scissors (R-to-S) occurs with rate μ. In the network, a node represents a patch where the RPS game is performed. RPS individuals migrate among nodes by diffusion. The dynamics are represented by the reaction-diffusion equations with the recursion formula. We study where and how species coexist or go extinct in the scale-free network. We numerically obtained the solutions for the metapopulation dynamics and derived the transition points. The results show that, with increasing mutation rate μ, the extinction of P species occurs and then the extinction of R species occurs, and finally only S species survives. Thus, the first and second dynamical phase transitions occur in the scale-free hierarchical network. We also show that the scaling law holds for the population dynamics which suggests that the transition points approach zero in the limit of infinite size.

COHERENCE ANALYSIS FOR ITERATED LINE GRAPHS OF MULTI-SUBDIVISION GRAPH

More and more attention has focused on consensus problem in the study of complex networks. Many researchers investigated consensus dynamics in a linear dynamical system with additive stochastic disturbances. In this paper, we construct iterated line graphs of multi-subdivision graph by applying multi-subdivided-line graph operation. It has been proven that the network coherence can be characterized by the Laplacian spectrum of network. We study the recursion formula of Laplacian eigenvalues of the graphs. After that, we obtain the scalings of the first- and second-order network coherence.

Relative Quasimaps and Mirror Formulae

We construct and study the theory of relative quasimaps in genus zero, in the spirit of Gathmann. When $X$ is a smooth toric variety and $Y$ is a smooth very ample hypersurface in $X$, we produce a virtual class on the moduli space of relative quasimaps to $(X,Y)$, which we use to define relative quasimap invariants. We obtain a recursion formula which expresses each relative invariant in terms of invariants of lower tangency, and apply this formula to derive a quantum Lefschetz theorem for quasimaps, expressing the restricted quasimap invariants of $Y$ in terms of those of $X$. Finally, we show that the relative $I$-function of Fan–Tseng–You coincides with a natural generating function for relative quasimap invariants, providing mirror-symmetric motivation for the theory.

On a family of groups generated by parabolic matrices

We study various aspects of the family of groups generated by the parabolic matrices A(t1 ζ), ... , A(tm ζ) where A(z) = ( 1 z0 1 ) and by the elliptic matrix ( 0 -1 1 0 ). The elements of the matrices W in such groups can be computed by a recursion formula. These groups are special cases of the generalized parametrized modular groups introduced in [16].We study the sets {z : tr W(z) ∈ [-2; +2]} [13] and their critical points and geometry, furthermore some finite index subgroups and the discretness of subgroups.