The Connection between Rf Anisotropy of Acoustically Excited NaCl Aqueous Solution and Debye Ionic Vibrational Potential

In this paper, we considered two phenomena in acoustically excited aqueous solutions of a strong electrolyte. These are the well-known Debye ionic vibrational potential (IVP), and radiofrequency anisotropy we discovered earlier , apparently, for the first time. Since both occur due to the accelerated motion of the solution, we have tried to combine them in one simple model. We have established that for a polarized UHF radio wave passed through a NaCl aqueous solution excited by an acoustic pulse the rotation angle of its vector E is proportional to the integral of the square of the observing IVP over time. An equivalent electrical circuit simulating the observed phenomena has been proposed and tested for physical feasibility. Several arguments are given in favour of the fluid-gyroscopic mechanism of RF anisotropy-related effects. We also found out that the IVP is practically independent of the vibrational velocity for frequencies below 10 kHz and it tends to zero at zero frequency. The latter is consistent with the law of conservation of energy but contradicts the incomplete existing theory.

Target strength measurement of Caroun croaker (Johnius sp.) and acoustic fish density estimation in Musi Estuary, South Sumatra

Caroun Croaker ( Johnius sp.) is one of the dominant estuarine fish that has a reasonably high economic value. The target strength (TS) value measurement is essential in calculating the density of fish stocks using the hydroacoustic method. Target strength measurement of Caroun Croaker (Johnius sp.) and an acoustic survey in Musi Estuary Waters of South Sumatra Province was conducted in December 2019. The result of TS measurement will be used to estimate the acoustic density along the survey area. The TS measurement used the standard tethered method, tying placing the fish in a fixed cage, transmitting the acoustic pulse, and analyzing its return using the scientific acoustic instrument Biosonic DT-X 200 KHz. The fisheries acoustic survey was carried out in the area around the Musi estuary with a predetermined survey design. The results of the measurements have obtained the TS-length relationship, as TS= 20 LOG L-78.79 with determinant value of R2= 0.67 for fish length ranges from 18.1-23.3 cm, and an acoustic survey showed that the estimated stock density value was 286 kg/ha for the total surveyed area of 1.612 ha.

An experimental approach on calcarenite reservoir dilation factor

The time of flight of a plane wavefront generated from an acoustic pulse is expected to decrease when the medium length between the wave emitter and receiver is shortened. This simple idea is extrapolated to the case of reservoir compaction in order to obtain a geophysical parameter R (dilation factor) that relates the rock deformation to the variation of time of flight (also called time-lapse time shift in 4D seismics) or acoustic velocity of a plane wave propagating in the same direction of deformation. Interpretation of a few laboratory compressive tests with simultaneous ultrasonic acquisition, performed on oil-saturated calcarenite samples, are presented and discussed. The samples were subjected to several stress regimes and simultaneous ultrasonic acquisitions. Despite the formerly ultrasonic acquisition rate limitations, it was possible to obtain R values for various lateral-vertical stress ratios for each sample's linear and nonlinear stress-strain trends.

TNT equivalent of the shock wave energy generated during the supersonic flight of an aircraft

To assess the impact on human health of the sonic boom that occurs when an aircraft is flying at supersonic speed, and, accordingly, to solve the problem of noise reduction by optimizing the aircraft design, it is proposed to evaluate the shock wave energy using the TNT equivalent of a cylindrical explosion. An example of calculating the shock wave energy during flights of F4 and F18 aircraft at different altitudes is considered. To calculate the evolution of an acoustic pulse during its propagation from the boundary of the shock wave transition to the acoustic one, the wave equation and its solution are used, taking into account the inhomogenei-ty of the atmosphere, nonlinear effects, absorption and expansion of the wave front, as well as the results of ground-based measurements of acoustic pulses. The results of calculations of the dependence of the explosion energy on the flight altitude, as well as on the type of aircraft are explained on the basis of the formula for the atmospheric resistance force.

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF X-RAY IRRADIATION ON DISLOCATION CHARACTERISTICS IN LiF CRYSTALS

The dependences of the absorption α and the ultrasound velocity in LiF single crystals with residual deformation ε = 0.65% at 300 K in the range of radiation doses 0...1057 R were studied using the acoustic pulse echo method at a frequency of 7.5 MHz. Based on the results of measurements of the acoustic characteristics, the absolute values of the parameters of the dislocation structure – the average effective length of the dislocation loop L and the dislocation density Λ and their dependences on the irradiation time are determined. The calculated characteristics are compared with the previously obtained results for the high-frequency branch of the damped dislocation resonance and using the selective etching method. The revealed noticeable discrepancy in the values of these parameters is explained by the impossibility of describing a single attenuation mechanism for acoustic measurements carried out in a wide frequency range.

Acoustic-electrical testing of defects in the cement-sand and cement-glass model samples

A complex method of acoustic-electrical testing of defects in dielectric samples made from cement-sand and cement-glass mixtures is discussed. The paper reports the results of studies of changes in the parameters of electromagnetic responses and their spectra under pulsed deterministic acoustic excitation of model samples with defects in the form of solid-state inclusions. The results of mathematical calculations of the time variation in the stress-strain state induced in a defective dielectric model sample by deterministic acoustic pulse are presented. The relationship is shown between the parameters of the acoustic excitation and the electromagnetic response to the impact in a magnetic field. The study revealed that the specific electrical resistance of the cement-sand and cement-glass mixtures differs significantly. Excitation of electrical double layers by acoustic pulses causes an electromagnetic signal, parameters of which depend on the parameters of the acoustic impact and acoustic and electrical properties of the material. As a result, a reduced specific electrical resistance of the mixture increases its conductivity. The numerical calculation of the propagation of the deterministic acoustic pulse showed that its parameters change when it passes through a defect with acoustic impedance different from that of the mixture used.

Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Complemented by ECMO Improved Survival in Patients with High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism

Background: The optimal treatment of high-risk PE with cardiac arrest is still controversial although various treatment approaches have been developed and improved. Here, we present a serie of patients with high-risk PE showing hemodynamic collapse, who were successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as an adjunct to EKOS™ acoustic pulse thrombolysis. Method: From April 2016 to June 2020, 29 patients with high-risk PE with cardiac arrest were retrospectively included. The mean age was 55.3 ± 9.2 years. Twelve (41.3%) patients were female. All patients had cardiac arrest, either as an initial presentation or in-hospital after the presentation. All patients exhibited acute symptoms, computed tomography (CT) evidence of large thrombus burden, and severe right ventricular dysfunction. Primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Results: Twenty-two patients survived to hospital discharge, with a mean ICU stay of 9.9 ± 1.6 days (range, 7 to 22 days) and mean length of hospital stay of 23.7 ± 8.5 days (range, 11 to 44 days). Six patients died from refractory shock. Ninety-day mortality was 24.1% (7/29). The Mean ECMO duration was 3.5 ± 1.1 days and the mean RV/LV ratio decreased from 1.31 ± 0.17 to 0.92 ± 0.11 in patients who survived to discharge. The mean tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) dose for survivor patients was 20.5 ± 1.6 mg. Conclusion: Patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism who suffer a cardiac arrest have high morbidity and mortality. APT complemented by ECMO could be a successful treatment option for patients who have high-risk PE with circulatory collapse.

Adaptation of Technologies Making Clean out Operations Environment Friendly and Cost Effective - Converting Failure into Success Using New Type of Fluidic Oscillator

A case study is presented detailing the methodology used to perform the clean-out operation in a water disposal well of Khurmala Field, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Untreated disposed water caused scaling and plugging in perforated liner and in the open hole that eventually ceased injection. Multiple attempts and investments were made in recent years to resume access to the injection zone using high-pressure hydro-jetting tools coupled with acid treatments. However, these attempts yielded futile efforts. Before proceeding with the decision of workover, it was decided to go for one final attempt to regain wellbore access using Fluidic Oscillator (SFO). Fluidic Oscillator (SFO) having pulsing, cavitation and helix jetting action was used in combination with a train of fluids consisting of diesel, 28% HCl and gel. The clean out was performed in stages of 10m, to clean the fill from 1091m to 1170m. Since the well bore was initially isolated from the injection zone, the cleanout was conducted with non-nitrified fluids. As the cleanout progressed and access to the liner and open hole was regained, the circulation of insoluble fill to surface required a lighter carrying fluid. Nitrification, volume of the fluids, batch cycling, and ROP were designed considering the downhole dynamic changes expected during each stage of the operation. The combination of SFO, the thorough selection of treatment fluids and the accurate downhole hydraulics simulations pertaining to different stages of the operation offered an effective solution and regained the connectivity between the wellbore and the injection zone. The injection rate of water increased from 0 bpm at 700 psi to 15 bpm at 200 psi. Throughout this operation, the SFO helix, cavitation, and acoustic pulse (alike) jetting proved to be more effective than other single acting rotating jetting tools. Also, Environmental impact was reduced by eliminating the need for a rig workover operation. The matching of the injection pressure when the well was first completed and the post job value indicated that the complete zone was exposed and scale deposits were removed from the critical matrix or bypassed. SFO has an effective jetting near wellbore region, while the kinetic energy transferred via fluid makes the impact stronger in the deeper region. Internal mechanism of the tool allows it to handle high pumping rate and pressures, external finishing offer multi-port orientation of outflow that allows targeting the fill in desired directions. Presently the SFO used in the case study is the only technology that has pulse, cavitation, and helix jetting structure. Also, since the tool does not require redressing, it proves to be an efficient, safe and cost effective alternative