Enhancing the learning and transfer of preprocedural communication skills during clerkship using audio-visual material: a prospective case-controlled study over 2 years

Objective/design/settingThis study aims to develop preprocedural communication-specific framework that emphasises the use of audiovisual materials and compares its acceptability by trainees with a regular module.TraineesBetween October 2018 and July 2021, 96 medical clerks were enrolled and randomly divided into regular and intervention groups. Another 48 trainees whose did not join the framework-based training but complete self-assessments were enrolled as the control group.InterventionsIn the intervention training module, the key steps of preprocedural communication-specific skills were structuralised into a framework using the acronym of OSCAR.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThis study compared the acceptability of trainees for two modules by measuring the degree of increase in the end-of-rotation and follow up (4 weeks later) competency from baseline by trainees’ self-assessments and physician assessments after serial trainings.ResultsIn comparison with regular group trainees, greater degree of improvements (framework-1 statement: 111%±13% vs 27%±5%, p<0.001; framework-2 statement: 77%±9% vs 48%±2%, p<0.05; skill-1 statement: 105%±9% vs 48%±3%, p<0.001); skill-2 statement: 71%±11% vs 50%±9%, p<0.05) were noted in the framework-related and skill-related statement 1–2 (the familiarity and confidence to use the framework and skills) than those of intervention group. At the end-of-rotation stage, the trainees ability to use the ‘A-step: using audiovisual materials’ of the OSCAR was significantly improved (229%±13%, p<0.001), compared with other steps. In the intervention group, the degree of improvement of the end-of-rotation data of trainees’ self-assessment from baseline was significantly correlated with the degree of the improvement in physicians’ assessment data in the aspects of skills, framework and steps in framework (R=0.872, p<0.01; R=0.813, p<0.001; R=0.914, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe OSCAR framework-based intervention module is well accepted by medical clerks and motivates them to integrate the acquired skills in clinical practice, which leads to trainees’ primary care patients being satisfied with their preprocedural communication.

The Effect of Feedback on the Application of Based Chemistry Practicum Modules on Local Content-Students' Science Process Skills

This study aims to analyze the effect of feedback from local content-based practicum modules on students' science process skills. Research subjects for product trials developed in this study were students of class XI using a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 60 students. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental). The research instrument was a feedback rubric on applying a local content-based practicum module, observation sheets, and tests on the results of Science Process Skills (KPS). Data processing and analysis is carried out by comparing the initial and final science process skills scores by looking at the science process skills N-Gain score. Hypothesis testing uses the T-test to apply a local content-based practicum module on science process skills by analyzing the initial and final science process skills scores. The highest percentage result lies in the indicator of planning an experiment or investigation and using experimental tools and materials, namely 90%. There is a difference between a class that implements a local content-based practicum module and is given feedback with a class that uses a regular module for each class. The experimental class had an N-gain value of 0.75 or in the high category, while the control class had an N-gain value of 0.64 or in the moderate category. There are differences in students' Science Process Skills (KPS) using local content-based practicum modules with conventional practicum modules.

Peer Assisted Learning: A New Teaching Approach in Undergraduate Medical Students

Introduction: Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) is an innovative teaching learning tool where people from similar social groupings, who are not professional teachers, help each other to learn. Medical Council of India (MCI) recommends improving quality of training of Indian Medical Graduates (IMG) by expanding the role of doctors/IMGs from clinician to communicator, leadership and member of the healthcare team. Aim: To introduce peer assisted learning as new teaching and learning method in first year medical students and to compare the impact of this method on learners with traditional method of learning by Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE). Materials and Methods: In this observational study, first year MBBS students were randomly divided into two groups- the regular module and PAL module. In regular module, the students were taught by the faculty. In PAL module, the students were taught by a previously trained final MBBS students. In PAL module, senior medical students were trained on the clinical-practical topic to be taught. After training, the senior medical students taught their juniors. In the regular module, the junior students were taught the same clinical practical topic by the faculty. At the end of the session, the students were assessed by OSPE. Paired t-test was used for assessing effectiveness of educational methods. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Students’ post-test marks in PAL group were higher than the regular module group (12±2.9 vs 9.8±3.5, p<0.01). Majority (70%) of the students agreed that PAL is a better method of learning and develops teaching attitude. Most of the students strongly agreed that PAL provides friendly environment for learning (80%). About 70% of students gave positive response about need of similar sessions in the future. Conclusion: PAL is an interesting and exciting teaching-learning methodology in undergraduate medical training.

A short note on the noncoprime regular module problem

UDC 512.5 Considering a special configuration in which a finite group acts by automorphisms on а finite group and the semidirect product acts on the vector space by linear transformations, we discuss the existence of a regular -module in

Small modules over quantum complete intersections in two variables

We describe the left regular module of a quantum complete intersection [Formula: see text] by the property that it is the unique finite-dimensional indecomposable left [Formula: see text]-module of Loewy length [Formula: see text] Using a reduction to [Formula: see text]-modules, we classify the [Formula: see text]-dimensional indecomposable left modules over quantum complete intersection [Formula: see text] in two variables, by explicitly giving their diagram presentations. Together with the existed work on indecomposable [Formula: see text]-modules of dimension [Formula: see text], we then know all the indecomposable [Formula: see text]-modules of dimension [Formula: see text].

Left-Symmetric Algebra Structures on the Planar Galilean Conformal Algebra

In this paper, we mainly determine the compatible left-symmetric algebra structures on the planar Galilean conformal algebra with some natural grading conditions. The results of earlier work on left-symmetric algebra structures on the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra play an important role in determining these compatible structures. As a corollary, any such left-symmetric algebra contains an infinite-dimensional non-trivial subalgebra that is also a submodule of the regular module.

The Cotorsion Pair Cogenerated by the Subcategory of Stable Functors in ((R-mod)op, Ab)

Let R be an associative ring with identity. Denote by ((R-mod)op, Ab) the category consisting of contravariant functors from the category of finitely presented left R-modules R-mod to the category of abelian groups Ab. An object in ((R-mod)op, Ab) is said to be a stable functor if it vanishes on the regular module R. Let [Formula: see text] be the subcategory of stable functors. There are two torsion pairs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where ℱ1 is the subcategory of ((R-mod)op, Ab) consisting of functors with flat dimension at most 1. In this article, let R be a ring of weakly global dimension at most 1, and assume R satisfies that for any exact sequence 0 → M → N → K → 0, if M and N are pure injective, then K is also pure injective. We calculate the cotorsion pair [Formula: see text] cogenerated by [Formula: see text] clearly. It is shown that [Formula: see text] if and only if G/t1(G) is a projective object in [Formula: see text], i.e., G/t1(G) = (−,M) for some R-module M; and [Formula: see text] if and only if G/t2(G) is of the form (−, E), where E is an injective R-module.

Multiphysics Performance Evaluation of Flexible Substrate Based 1.2kV SiC Half Bridge Intelligent Power Module with Stacked Dies

Wide Bandgap (WBG) power devices have become the most promising solution for power conversion systems, with the best trade-off between theoretical characteristics, real commercial availability and maturity of fabrications. Advanced packaging technology is being heavily developed to take full advantages of WBG devices, in terms of materials, mechanical design, fabrication and electrical performance optimizations. In this paper, a flexible substrate based 1.2kV SiC Half Bridge Intelligent Power Module with stacked dies is introduced. The module design is based on the concept “Power Supply in Package (PSiP)”, high functionality is integrated in the module. Together with power stages, gate driver circuits, Low Dropout Regulators (LDO), digital isolators, and bootstrap circuits are integrated in the module. An ultra-thin flexible epoxy-resin based dielectric is applied in the module as substrates, its thickness can be as low as 80μm, with 8W/mK thermal conductivity. The SiC switches are double-side solderable, with copper as topside metallization on pads. No bonding wires are applied in the SiC PSiP module. The highside and lowside SiC switches on the phase leg is stacked vertically for interconnections with low parasitic and high denstiy. This work mainly addresses performance evaluation of the PSiP SiC half bridge module by multiphysics simulations. Q3D is employed to evaluate the parasitic inductance and resistance in the module, showing that parasitic inductance is lower than 1.5nH in the design. The extracted parasitics is imported in spice circuit model, simulation results show limited ringing during switching transients. Thermal simulations are employed to compare junction temperature of power modules with DBC subtrates and flexible substrates, then to evaluate the thermal performance of the designed PSiP SiC model with stacked dies. It shows that junction temperature of designed IPM is higher than regular module at same condition. The paper also provides guideline for optimized heat sink design to lower junction temperature of the SiC IPM. Mechanical simulations are employed to evaluate the pre-stress induced in modules with DBC substrate and flexible dielectric substrate, and proves that mechanical stress induced by reflowing process can be reduced significantly by using ultra-thin flexible dielectric as substrate.