Polysiloxane Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus and Nitrogen for Cotton Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Wei ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Char Length ◽  
C Nmr

Poly[tetra(tetramethylcyclosiloxyl-piperazin)-phosphinic acid methyl ether) (PNCTSi) was successfully synthesized, and its chemical structure was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) spectroscopy. The flammability and thermal decomposition behaviors of cotton fabrics treated with PNCTSi were systematically evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cone calorimetry. As a result, the LOI value reached 30.1% and the char length decreased to 10.3 cm when cotton fabrics were treated in 300 g/L of PNCTSi solution for 30 min. According to TGA results, the residual rate of treated cotton fabrics at 800 °C increased to 16.4%. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and CO2/CO ratio significantly decreased.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Novel Linear α, ω-Di (Chloro Phosphoramide) Polydimethylsiloxane and Its Applications in Improving Flame-Retardant and Water-Repellent Properties of Cotton Fabrics

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Xingbo Ma ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
Pengshuang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Washing Durability ◽  
Char Length

A novel linear α, ω-di (chloro phosphoramide)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (CPN-PDMS) was successfully synthesized and utilized as a formaldehyde-free water-repellent and flame-retardant for cotton fabrics. The flame retardancy of treated cotton fabrics was estimated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical flammability test, and cone calorimetry test. The cotton fabrics treated with 350 g/L CPN-PDMS obtained excellent flame retardancy with an LOI value of 30.6% and the char length was only 4.3 cm. Combustion residues were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Results show that CPN-PDMS can effectively enhance water repellency and fire resistance of cotton fabrics. Furthermore, the breaking strength test and the whiteness test strongly prove that the tensile strength and whiteness of the treated cotton fabrics were slightly lower than that of the pure cotton fabrics. The wash stability test showed that after 30 laundering cycles, the treated cotton fabrics still had an LOI value of 28.5% and a water-repellent effect of grade 80, indicating that CPN-PDMS was an excellent washing durability additive. In summary, these property enhancements of treated cotton fabrics were attributed to the synergistic effect of silicon-phosphorus-nitrogen elements in CPN-PDMS.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Rafał Oliwa ◽  
Joanna Ryszkowska ◽  
Mariusz Oleksy ◽  
Monika Auguścik-Królikowska ◽  
Małgorzata Gzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

We investigated the effect of the type and amount of expandable graphite (EG) and blackcurrant pomace (BCP) on the flammability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, physical, and chemical structure of viscoelastic polyurethane foams (VEF). For this purpose, the polyurethane foams containing EG, BCP, and EG with BCP were obtained. The content of EG varied in the range of 3–15 per hundred polyols (php), while the BCP content was 30 php. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the additional introduction of BCPs into EG-containing composites allows for an additive effect in improving the functional properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. As a result, the composite containing 30 php of BCP and 15 php of EG with the largest particle size and expanded volume shows the largest change in the studied parameters (hardness (H) = 2.65 kPa (+16.2%), limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 26% (+44.4%), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) = 15.5 kW/m2 (−87.4%)). In addition, this composite was characterized by the highest char yield (m600 = 17.9% (+44.1%)). In turn, the change in mechanical properties is related to a change in the physical and chemical structure of the foams as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

Flammability and thermal properties of cotton fabrics modified with a novel flame retardant containing triazine and phosphorus components

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Xuechao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Index Value

A novel formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing phosphorus and dichlorotriazine components (CTAP) for cotton fabrics was synthesized. As an active group, the dichlorotriazine could react with cotton fabric via covalent reaction. The addition of 20.7 wt% CTAP into the cotton fabric obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of 31.5%, which was 13.5% higher than the pure cotton fabric. The results of heat release rate, total heat release and effective heat combustion indicated that CTAP effectively imparted flame retardancy to cotton fabric by the cone calorimetry test. With respect to the untreated cotton fabrics, the treated cotton fabrics degraded at lower decomposition temperature and form a consistent and compact char layer, which could be observed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the untreated cotton fabrics, CTAP performed an effective role in flame retardancy for treated cotton fabrics. Meanwhile, it stimulated the formation of char and promoted the thermal stability of treated cotton fabrics during combustion.

Polyethylene-based single polymer laminates: Synergistic effects of nanosilica and metal hydroxides

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Dorigato ◽  
Giulia Fredi ◽  
Luca Fambri ◽  
José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta ◽  
Alessandro Pegoretti
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Fumed Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Polymer Laminates

This work aims to investigate the fire performance of novel polyethylene-based single polymer composites. Fumed silica nanoparticles and magnesium hydroxide microfiller were added at an optimized concentration to a linear low-density polyethylene matrix, which was then reinforced with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers. Through the optimization of the production process, it was possible to limit the porosity inside the single polymer composites, thus retaining the pristine mechanical properties of the fibers. The addition of SiO2 and magnesium hydroxide determined an increase in the elastic modulus in both the longitudinal and transversal direction, but it concurrently led to a reduction in ductility, especially in the transversal direction. The fillers were proved to bring interesting improvements of the thermal degradation resistance and of the flame behaviour. Thermogravimetric analysis tests highlighted an increase in the onset degradation temperature and in the temperature associated to the maximum degradation rate. Moreover, both the oxidation onset temperature and limiting oxygen index were considerably improved. Cone calorimetry tests evidenced that filled single polymer composites were characterized by lower peak heat release rate and total heat released with respect to neat single polymer composites.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a phosphoramidate flame retardant and its flame retardancy on cotton fabrics

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 550-560
Author(s):  
Huaifang Wang ◽  
Yingli Cai ◽  
Zhiming Jiang ◽  
Shengnan Guo ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

AbstractA phosphoramidate flame retardant (dimethyl N,N-bis(2-hydroxyletheyl)phosphoramidate, DMBHP) was synthesized and applied to cotton fabrics for enhancing the flame retardancy. The structure of DMBHP was characterized by FT-IR and NMR. The flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated using the vertical flammability test (VFT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the cone calorimetric test. Moreover, to further analyze the flame retardant action of DMBHP in cotton fabrics, thermal degradability of the treated fabrics, as well as the chemical structure, surface morphology, and element contents of the char residue of the DMBHP-treated fabrics were also evaluated. The results show that, after treating with DMBHP, the cotton fabrics acquired a LOI value from 18.1 to 31.1 with the concentration increasing to 30% and self-extinguished in VFT tests when treated with up to 15% DMBHP. Besides, the total heat release and the peak heat release rate of DMBHP (30%)-treated fabric decreased obviously compared with the pure cotton along with more residue retained. TG, SEM, and EDS results of treated cotton fabric and the corresponding residue after burning showed that DMBHP has the capability of enhancing char formation. In addition, DMBHP will confer cotton fabrics a certain durability against washing with the help of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA).

scholarly journals Construction of Biological Flame Retardant Layer on Cotton Fabric via Photografting of Nucleotide/Amino Acid Monomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yutong liu ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Zhenbao Li ◽  
Ju Wei ◽  
Bing Du
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Synergistic Flame Retardant

Abstract The 5’-adenylicacid (AMP-Na2) is modified to introduce unsaturated double bonds for photografting onto cotton fabrics together with L-cysteine (L-Cys) monomer to prepare synergistic flame-retardant cotton fabrics. The chemical structure of AMP-Na2/L-Cys monomers, the surface morphology, residual carbon morphology, thermal property and flame retardant property of photografted flame retardant cotton fabrics are analyzed. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra verified the AMP-Na2 and L-Cys monomers with unsaturated double bonds. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the carbon residue of photografted fiber maintains a natural curled and fibers shape. TGA showed the major pyrolysis temperature of photografted cotton fabric declined by 42℃, with the weight loss reduced by 21.6%, proving that good charring effect. The continuous burning and smoldering time of photografted cotton fabric are decreased to 0s. The experimental results indicate that AMP-Na2/L-Cys monomers can reveal good durability and remarkable flame retardancy property to cotton fabrics via facile treatment of photografting.

A New Active Compound from Centaurea Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melek U. Dumlu ◽  
Elcin Gürkan
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Steroidal Compound ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract The extract containing sesquiterpene lactones of Centaurea iberica (Asteraceae) isolated was separated and a steroidal compound, which is stigmast-1,5-dien-3β-ol, was purified. The chemical structure was established based on spectroscopic data (UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR). Both the extract and the compound showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

Calamitische Flüssigkristalle: Beziehung zwischen Molekülstruktur und Mesogenität, trans-und cis-1,3,5,7-Tetraoxadecalin-Derivate [1,2] / Calamitic Liquid Crystals: Relationship Between Molecular Structure and Mesogenity, trans- and cis-1,3,5,7 -Tetraoxadecalin Derivatives [1, 2]

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Kohne ◽  
Klaus Praefcke ◽  
Rashad Shabana Omar ◽  
Felix Frolow
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Smectic A ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
C Nmr

1,3,5,7-Tetraoxadecalin has been introduced as a novel central unit into the chemistry of calamitic liquid crystals. 2e,6e-Disubstituted derivatives 3a−h and 4b, g, i of the trans or cis fused heterobicyclus, respectively, have been synthesized. Whereas most of these tram-products (3c−h) are nematic or smectic A (new “rod-like mesogens”), the cis-products (4b, g, i) are not liquid crystalline. The configurations and conformations of all compounds have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods in particular by 1H and 13C NMR. In addition the structures of 3d, 3g and 4i as representatives of both series have been confirmed by X-ray analysis. The 1,3,5,7- tetraoxadecalin unit in the non-mesomorphic ds-products exists, as expected, in the “O-inside" conformation which has been established both by 1H NMR and X-ray studies. The relationship between the chemical structure and mesomorphic behaviour of these 1,3,5,7-tetraoxadecalin derivatives is discussed, as well as the most likely structural requirements for turning the non- mesomorphic cis-products into mesomorphic ones. The name “roof-like mesogens" is proposed for this predicted new type of liquid crystals with three-dimensional geometry.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Flammability and Thermal Stability of Halogen-Free Intumescent System in Biopolymer Composites Containing Biobased Carbonization Agent and Mechanism of Their Char Formation

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqsood ◽  
Gunnar Seide
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Char Formation ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Intumescent System ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Starch, being a polyhydric compound with its natural charring ability, is an ideal candidate to serve as a carbonization agent in an intumescent system. This charring ability of starch, if accompanied by an acidic source, can generate an effective intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system, but the performance of starch-based composites in an IFR system has not been tested in detail. Here, we describe a PLA-based IFR system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acidic source and cornstarch as carbon source. We prepared different formulations by melt compounding followed by molding into sheets by hot pressing. The thermal behavior and surface morphology of the composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy respectively. We also conducted limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimetry tests to characterize the flame-retardant properties. Cone calorimetry revealed a 66% reduction in the peak heat release rate of the IFR composites compared to pure PLA and indicated the development of an intumescent structure by leaving a residual mass of 43% relative to the initial mass of the sample. A mechanism of char formation has also been discussed in detail.

Synergism between Intumescent Flame Retardant and Organo-Montmorillonite in Polypropylene Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Jun Chen ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Chun Zhuang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Lower Height

A simple method of melt blending was used to prepare PP, PP/IFR and PP/IFR/OMMT composites. The Flammability and mechanical property of the composites were investigated. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests and cone calorimetry results indicate that there are synergisms between IFR and OMMT. Incorporation of OMMT led to a further increase in LOI value of intumescent retarded PP samples when the addition amounts of OMMT are less than 2%. Cone calorimeter measurements demonstrate that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), average mass loss rates (AMLR) and fire growth rate index (FIGRA) of PP/IFR/OMMT composites are all less than that of PP/IFR30 when OMMT contents are less than 1.5% (including 1.5%).Char residues after cone calorimeter tests were investigated. Unlike the expansion char residue of PP/IFR, the char residues of PP/IFR/OMMT display a lower height and compact morphology, which are due to the barrier effect of OMMT. The presence of less than 1.5% OMMT can somewhat enhance the tensile strength and Izod impact strength of PP/IFR/OMMT composites. Larger OMMT amounts decrease the above mechanical properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document