scholarly journals Modelling of the Pyrolysis Zone of a Downdraft Gasification Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Márta Kákonyi ◽  
Ágnes Bárkányi ◽  
Tibor Chován ◽  
Sándor Németh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Valuable Product

The increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing challenge that current waste-treatment practices are having to face. Therefore, technologies that can prevent waste from ending up in landfill sites have come to the fore. One of the technologies that produces a valuable product from waste, namely synthesis gas, is gasification. The raw material of this technology is the so-called Refuse-Derived Fuel, which is made from MSW. Three separate zones are located in downdraft gasification reactors: the pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zones. This work is concerned with the determination of kinetic parameters in the pyrolysis zone. It also discusses the estimation of the product composition of this zone, which defines the raw material of the following zone.

Municipal solid waste landfill age and refuse-derived fuel

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2096183
Author(s):  
Ing-Jia Chiou ◽  
Ching-Ho Chen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
Closed Landfill

Landfill sites are hard to obtain in Taiwan. Municipal solid waste (MSW) in the closed landfill sites has high combustible content and calorific value (CV). Therefore, activating the closed landfill sites as municipal mine sites to prolong their service life will promote a sustainable environment. This study transforms combustibles from the closed municipal landfill sites of different landfill ages (LAs) into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) through pretreatment and squeeze forming equipment, so to investigate the characteristics of the MSW of different LAs, and the manufacturing conditions and firing behaviour of RDF. The results indicate that the proportion of the combustibles in MSW declines as the LA grows, and therefore the proportions of both incombustible materials and soil and debris correspondingly increased. The LA of the MSW is thus negatively correlated with the CV. The MSW at the LA of 10 years still has high potential as fuel material. The fixed carbon initiation temperatures (i.e. ignition temperatures) of combustibles of the MSW at the LAs of 1 year, 5 years and 10 years are 259°C, 256°C and 245°C, respectively. The CV and flame temperature of the RDF increase slightly with the increasing squeeze temperature (ST) at 100–120°C, but it will decrease when the ST reaches 130°C. Therefore, this study recommends the squeeze pressure of the RDF as 41.65 ± 8.24 kg cm−2, ST 110°C and combustible size 10–20 mm.

scholarly journals Potential of Energy Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to Become Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in Bali Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
I Made Wahyu Wijaya ◽  
Novi Kartika Sari ◽  
Iva Yenis Septiariva ◽  
Nurulbaiti Listyendah Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Plant Processing

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Bali has various environmental impacts. One of the updates on sustainable waste processing is the RDF treatment plant processing. Before carrying out the processing, MSW characterization is needed because each region has a diverse composition. The processing of MSW into RDF provides benefits for achieving MSW reduction targets, renewable energy use, and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine the potential of MSW in Bali as an alternative to renewable fuel and its potential to reduce GHG. MSW's potential calorific value as a raw material for RDF in Bali can reach 9.58 - 17.71 MJ/kg. The implementation of processing waste into RDF in pellets has shown a calorific value of ± 3904 - 4945 kkcal/kg. Implementing MSW processing into RDF in Bali can reduce GHG by 178 - 330 times compared to open dumping.

Efficiency Enhancement Potential of Urban Sanitation as a Public Utility Subsector

10.12737/2560 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Оксана Борисова ◽  
Oksana Borisova ◽  
Лазарь Шубов ◽  
Lazar Shubov ◽  
Ирина Доронкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Valuable Element ◽  
Texture Size

The article identifies the beneficial use of municipal solid waste is a major contributor to the waste problem solution and to the enhancement of the public utility sector operations efficiency. The articles dwells on the existing methods of extracting food and plant waste out of the municipal solid waste stock, and claims that food and plant waste, with its valuable element proportion of 99% (including the admixture of timber particles), is high-quality raw material for biocompost. With the purpose of integrated food and plant waste treatment for mechanical admixtures, the process of MSW separation is designed to separate MSW components in accordance with their texture, size and capacity for selective crushing in different conditions. Thus the principle of controlling the physical properties of separated components manifests itself.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS COMPONENTS COMPOSITION IN THYMUS X CIRIODORUS VAR. «SILVER QUEEN» HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
J. M. Steshenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Мazulin ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska ◽  
G. V. Mazulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material

MEASUREMENT OF STEROID BINDING PROTEINS

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S104-S121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Baulieu ◽  
J. P. Raynaud ◽  
E. Milgrom
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Specificity ◽  
Binding Parameters ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Biological Mixtures ◽  
Steroid Binding Proteins ◽  
Steroid Binding ◽  
Steroid Binding Protein

ABSTRACT A brief review of the characteristics of steroid binding proteins found in the plasma and in some target organs is presented, followed by some general remarks on binding »specificity« and binding parameters. Useful techniques for measuring binding parameters at equilibrium are reported, both those which keep the equilibrium intact and those which implicate its disruption. A concept is developed according to which the determination of a specific steroid binding protein is based on the »differential dissociation« of the several steroid binding complexes present in most biological mixtures. Methods which allow determination of the kinetic parameters of the binding systems are also presented. Various representations of the binding and therefore different modes of graphic representation and calculation are discussed, including the recent »proportion graph« method.

Regeneration Mechanism Studied by Potential-Time Response to Sinusoidal Current-Time Function

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1526
Author(s):  
María-Luisa Alcaraz ◽  
Ángela Molina
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Time Function ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Regeneration Mechanism ◽  
Sinusoidal Current ◽  
Regeneration Processes

A theoretical study of the potential-time response to sinusoidal current applied to static and dynamic electrodes for regeneration processes is presented. Methods for determination of the regeneration fraction, rate constant of the chemical reaction and heterogeneous kinetic parameters are proposed.

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Amiodarone Hydrochloride and Related Compounds in Raw Materials and Tablets

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline M Lacrok ◽  
Norman M Curran ◽  
Wing-Wah Sy ◽  
Dennis K J Goreck ◽  
Pierre Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Amiodarone Hydrochloride ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of amiodarone hydrochloride and 10 related compounds in drug raw material and for assay of drug in tablets was developed. The method specifies a 3 jxm Hypersil nitrile column (150 × 4.6 mm), a mobile phase of 1 + 1 acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer (0.1 M adjusted to pH 6.0 with 0.1 M acetic acid), a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection at 240 nm. The lower limit of quantitation of the related compounds is 0.02% or less. Drug contents in 2 raw material samples were 100.1 and 99.9% and ranged from 98.2 to 99.4% in 3 tablet formulations. Impurity levels in 2 samples of raw material from different manufacturers were ca 0.4%. The presence of 3 of the known related compounds in these samples was confirmed by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The method applied to raw materials was evaluated by a second laboratory and found to be satisfactory.

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