Aerial and Optical Images-Based Plant Species Segmentation Using Enhancing Nested Downsampling Features

Plant species, structural combination, and spatial distribution in different regions should be adapted to local conditions, and the reasonable arrangement can bring the best ecological effect. Therefore, it is essential to understand the classification and distribution of plant species. This paper proposed an end-to-end network with Enhancing Nested Downsampling features (END-Net) to solve complex and challenging plant species segmentation tasks. There are two meaningful operations in the proposed network: (1) A compact and complete encoder–decoder structure nests in the down-sampling process; it makes each downsampling block obtain the equal feature size of input and output to get more in-depth plant species information. (2) The downsampling process of the encoder–decoder framework adopts a novel pixel-based enhance module. The enhanced module adaptively enhances each pixel’s features with the designed learnable variable map, which is as large as the corresponding feature map and has n×n variables; it can capture and enhance each pixel’s information flexibly effectively. In the experiments, our END-Net compared with eleven state-of-the-art semantic segmentation architectures on the self-collected dataset, it has the best PA (Pixel Accuracy) score and FWloU (Frequency Weighted Intersection over Union) accuracy and achieves 84.52% and 74.96%, respectively. END-Net is a lightweight model with excellent performance; it is practical in complex vegetation distribution with aerial and optical images. END-Net has the following merits: (1) The proposed enhancing module utilizes the learnable variable map to enhance features of each pixel adaptively. (2) We nest a tiny encoder–decoder module into the downsampling block to obtain the in-depth plant species features with the same scale in- and out-features. (3) We embed the enhancing module into the nested model to enhance and extract distinct plant species features. (4) We construct a specific plant dataset that collects the optical images-based plant picture captured by drone with sixteen species.

Single Image Dehazing Algorithm Analysis with Hyperspectral Images in the Visible Range

In foggy or hazy conditions, images are degraded due to the scattering and attenuation of atmospheric particles, reducing the contrast and visibility and changing the color. This degradation depends on the distance, the density of the atmospheric particles and the wavelength. We have tested and applied five single image dehazing algorithms, originally developed to work on RGB images and not requiring user interaction and/or prior knowledge about the images, on a spectral hazy image database in the visible range. We have made the evaluation using two strategies: the first is based on the analysis of eleven state-of-the-art metrics and the second is two psychophysical experiments with 126 subjects. Our results suggest that the higher the wavelength within the visible range is, the higher the quality of the dehazed images. The quality increases for low haze/fog levels. The choice of the best performing algorithm depends on the criterion prioritized by the metric design strategy. The psychophysical experiment results show that the level of agreement between observers and metrics depends on the criterion set for the observers’ task.

The Effectiveness of the Role of State Senior High School Committee in Jombang Regency East Java Indonesia

The purpose of the research is to know the effectiveness of committee’s role at state senior high school in Jombang regency. The research takes eleven state senior high schools as the sample. The research data is gained from some respondents of state senior high schools’ teacher as the sample. The technique of collecting data which is used is proportional random sampling with 212 samples, taken for amount 46,79% from the research population with 453 teachers. The instrument which is used are observation checklist and questionnaire. Whereas, the technique in analyzing the data is in the form of percentage. The research finding is as following: (1) the role of state senior high school’s committee in Jombang Regency as The Advisor Agency shows the effectiveness in middle level (76,41%); (2) the role of state senior high school’s committee in Jombang Regency as The Supporting Agency shows the effectiveness level (81%); (3) the role of state senior high school’s committee in Jombang Regency as The Controlling Agency shows the effectiveness in middle level (77,47%); and (4) the role of state senior high school’s committee role in Jombang Regency as The Mediator Agency show the effective category of (86,32%). Keywords: The effectiveness, committee.

ANALISA POLA PERILAKU KONTRAPRODUKTIF GURU DI SMA NEGERI SE-KOTA BEKASI

The objective of the research is to analyze the pattern of counterproductive behavior of the teachers of SMA Negeri Se-Kota Bekasi. This research uses quantitative approach. The research was conducted on eleven State Senior High School of Bekasi City by distributing questionnaires. Questionnaires were distributed to 83 teachers to assess as samples, selected by Slovin formula. Respondents were done by simple random sampling by drawing. The research of this analysis concluded that: (2) There is a direct negative effect of job satisfaction on counterproductive behavior, (3) There is positive influence of positive work design to job satisfaction. With this research is expected to find solution in decreasing teacher counterproductive behavior , because as perfected as any school, whether in terms of planning, design, supervision, and technological means owned, all that will not work if there is no human factor that is the teacher as a driver. Teacher quality is the basic capital in Indonesia's educational development. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisa pola perilaku kontraproduktif guru SMA Negeri Se-Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif.Penelitian dilakukan pada sebelas SMA Negeri Kota Bekasi dengan menyebarkan kuesioner.Kuesioner didistribusikan kepada83 guru untuk menilai sebagai sampel, yang dipilih melalui rumus Slovin.Responden dilakukan dengan cara simple random sampling dengan cara mengundi.Penelitian analisis ini menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh langsung negatif desain kerjaterhadap perilaku kontraproduktif, (2) Terdapat pengaruh langsung negatif kepuasan kerjaterhadap perilaku kontraproduktif, (3) Terdapat pengaruh langsung positif desain kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja.Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menemukan solusi dalam menurunkan perilaku kontraproduktif guru, karena sesempurnanya apapun suatu sekolah, baik dalam segi perencanaan, desain, pengawasan, maupun sarana teknologi yang dimiliki, semua itu tak akan bisa berjalan apabila tidak ada faktor manusia yaitu guru sebagai penggerak. Kualitas guru merupakan modal dasar dalam masa pembangunan pendidikan Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Perilaku Kontraproduktif, Desain Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja

Image Understanding by Socializing the Semantic Gap

Several technological developments like the Internet, mobile devices and Social Networks have spurred the sharing of images in unprecedented volumes, making tagging and commenting a common habit. Despite the recent progress in image analysis, the problem of Semantic Gap still hinders machines in fully understand the rich semantic of a shared photo. In this book, we tackle this problem by exploiting social network contributions. A comprehensive treatise of three linked problems on image annotation is presented, with a novel experimental protocol used to test eleven state-of-the-art methods. Three novel approaches to annotate, under stand the sentiment and predict the popularity of an image are presented. We conclude with the many challenges and opportunities ahead for the multimedia community.

ASEAN’s 2018 chair likely to bring more stability

Subject Outlook for the ASEAN chairmanship in 2018. Significance Singapore has started chairing ASEAN for 2018 after the Philippines rotated the chair as planned at November's meetings. Manila’s 2017 chairmanship was unsteady at times, partly because Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte changed his foreign secretary mid-year. ASEAN’s slogan for 2018 is “Resilient and Innovative”. Impacts Singapore will seek to further implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community. Counterterrorism will see more ASEAN cooperation, partly given southern Philippine concerns about Islamic State. Singapore will push for greater ASEAN technological connectivity and cybercrime preparedness. While negotiating the RCEP, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam will also eye agreeing an eleven-state Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Lunchtime food and nutrient intakes of secondary-school pupils; a comparison of school lunches and packed lunches following the introduction of mandatory food-based standards for school lunch

ObjectiveTo compare the key differences between school lunches and packed lunches as eaten in eleven secondary schools in England, 21 months after the food-based standards for school lunch became mandatory, but before the introduction of nutrient-based standards.DesignData on 358 school lunches and 139 packed lunches were collected in May and June 2008 from pupils attending secondary schools in Sheffield, Manchester, Leicester City and Essex. Fieldwork was conducted over five consecutive school days at each school. Fieldworkers randomly selected five pupils taking a school lunch and five pupils bringing a packed lunch each day. All food and drink items chosen by pupils were weighed and recorded. Leftovers were also weighed.SettingEleven state-maintained, co-educational secondary schools from four local authorities in England.SubjectsFour hundred and ninety-seven pupils aged 11–16 years.ResultsPupils taking school lunches, on average, had significantly higher intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, NSP, vitamin C, folate, Fe and Zn than pupils bringing a packed lunch to school. Mean intakes of protein, fat and vitamin C from both types of lunch met the nutrient-based standards and school lunches also met standards for carbohydrate, NSP and energy.ConclusionsNutrient intakes from school lunches were more favourable than those from packed lunches, but typically failed to meet nutrient-based standards for school food. A combination of continued improvements to school food, educating pupils to make healthier choices and policies to encourage pupils to eat at school or bring healthier packed lunches is needed.