scholarly journals Image Understanding by Socializing the Semantic Gap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiberio Uricchio
Keyword(s):  
Image Annotation ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Semantic Gap ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Eleven State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Comprehensive Treatise ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Many

Several technological developments like the Internet, mobile devices and Social Networks have spurred the sharing of images in unprecedented volumes, making tagging and commenting a common habit. Despite the recent progress in image analysis, the problem of Semantic Gap still hinders machines in fully understand the rich semantic of a shared photo. In this book, we tackle this problem by exploiting social network contributions. A comprehensive treatise of three linked problems on image annotation is presented, with a novel experimental protocol used to test eleven state-of-the-art methods. Three novel approaches to annotate, under stand the sentiment and predict the popularity of an image are presented. We conclude with the many challenges and opportunities ahead for the multimedia community.

Language and the Many Histories of Brazilian Inequality

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brodwyn Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policies ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
Language Literacy ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many

There are numerous historical critiques of elitist educational policies in Brazil, as well as studies of the racial and gender dynamics of education, and scholars have routinely lamented the historical lack of access to schooling among the Brazilian poor. But surprisingly few historians have taken on language and education as durable categories of inequality—created, recognized, legitimized, and acted upon over many generations, constitutive elements in Brazil’s constellation of social difference. This is especially remarkable given the rich and repeated emphasis on language, literacy, and education that characterized debates about Brazilian inequality in the century after independence.

scholarly journals Using chemical biology to assess and modulate mitochondria: progress and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Logan ◽  
Michael P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Many ◽  
Opening Up

Our understanding of the role of mitochondria in biomedical sciences has expanded considerably over the past decade. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, mitochondrial are also central to signalling for various processes through the generation of signals such as ROS and metabolites that affect cellular homeostasis, as well as other processes such as cell death and inflammation. Thus, mitochondrial function and dysfunction are central to the health and fate of the cell. Consequently, there is considerable interest in better understanding and assessing the many roles of mitochondria. Furthermore, there is also a growing realization that mitochondrial are a promising drug target in a wide range of pathologies. The application of interdisciplinary approaches at the interface between chemistry and biology are opening up new opportunities to understand mitochondrial function and in assessing the role of the organelle in biology. This work and the experience thus gained are leading to the development of new classes of therapies. Here, we overview the progress that has been made to date on exploring the chemical biology of the organelle and then focus on future challenges and opportunities that face this rapidly developing field.

KORŌṈĀ TOṞṞU KĀLATTIL TIṈAKKŪLIYĀḶARKAḶIṈ NILAI: KOḺUMPU - 12 PUTUKKAṬAI PIRATĒCATTAI MAIYAPPAṬUTTIYA CAMŪKAVIYAL ĀYVU [DAILY WAGE WORKERS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH BASED ON HULFTSDORF, COLOMBO-12]

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
M.A.F.ASHFA ◽  
M.J.F. SANA ANJUM ◽  
A. IJAS MOHAMED ◽  
M.M.F. AQEELA ◽  
M.S. ZUNOOMY
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Mixed Approach ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
The Many

The COVID-19 pandemic has gravely wounded the world economy with serious consequences impacting all communities and individuals. However, the rich and middle class can fill in their day to day needs, because of having enough money. At the same time, daily wage workers are facing difficulties to fill in their daily life needs in the current situation. According to this, the research aims to identify the economy level of daily wage workers of Hulftdorf, Colombo-12 during this period. The primary data were collected from 54 daily wage workers though questionnaire and in-depth interview. The gathered data were discussed by mixed approach descriptive methodology. The findings of this research declare that urban daily wage workers face the many difficulties than rural daily wage workers, because of expensive and costly price of the essential commodities. At the other hand, due to lack of daily income, they do not save the money. Thus, they face economic problems in predicaments. They also get insufficient donation, aids and relief in this emergency situation.

scholarly journals Jointly leveraging spatial transcriptomics and deep learning models for pathology image annotation improves cell type identification over either approach alone.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Zubair ◽  
Richard H. Chapple ◽  
Sivaraman Natarajan ◽  
William C. Wright ◽  
Min Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Transcriptomics Data ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
The Many ◽  
Level Performance

The disorganization of cell types within tissues underlies many human diseases and has been studied for over a century using the conventional tools of pathology, including tissue-marking dyes such as the H&E stain. Recently, spatial transcriptomics technologies were developed that can measure spatially resolved gene expression directly in pathology-stained tissues sections, revealing cell types and their dysfunction in unprecedented detail. In parallel, artificial intelligence (AI) has approached pathologist-level performance in computationally annotating H&E images of tissue sections. However, spatial transcriptomics technologies are limited in their ability to separate transcriptionally similar cell types and AI-based pathology has performed less impressively outside their training datasets. Here, we describe a methodology that can computationally integrate AI-annotated pathology images with spatial transcriptomics data to markedly improve inferences of tissue cell type composition made over either class of data alone. We show that this methodology can identify regions of clinically relevant tumor immune cell infiltration, which is predictive of response to immunotherapy and was missed by an initial pathologist's manual annotation. Thus, combining spatial transcriptomics and AI-based image annotation has the potential to exceed pathologist-level performance in clinical diagnostic applications and to improve the many applications of spatial transcriptomics that rely on accurate cell type annotations.

scholarly journals Fixel-based Analysis of Diffusion MRI: Methods, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Dhollander ◽  
Adam Clemente ◽  
Mervyn Singh ◽  
Frederique Boonstra ◽  
Oren Civier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
P Diffusion ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
The Rich

Diffusion MRI has provided the neuroimaging community with a powerful tool to acquire in-vivo data sensitive to microstructural features of white matter, up to 3 orders of magnitude smaller than typical voxel sizes. The key to extracting such valuable information lies in complex modelling techniques, which form the link between the rich diffusion MRI data and various metrics related to the microstructural organisation. Over time, increasingly advanced techniques have been developed, up to the point where some diffusion MRI models can now provide access to properties specific to individual fibre populations in each voxel in the presence of multiple "crossing" fibre pathways. While highly valuable, such fibre-specific information poses unique challenges for typical image processing pipelines and statistical analysis. In this work, we review the "fixel-based analysis" (FBA) framework that implements bespoke solutions to this end, and has recently seen a stark increase in adoption for studies of both typical (healthy) populations as well as a wide range of clinical populations. We describe the main concepts related to fixel-based analyses, as well as the methods and specific steps involved in a state-of-the-art FBA pipeline, with a focus on providing researchers with practical advice on how to interpret results. We also include an overview of the scope of current fixel-based analysis studies (until August 2020), categorised across a broad range of neuroscientific domains, listing key design choices and summarising their main results and conclusions. Finally, we critically discuss several aspects and challenges involved with the fixel-based analysis framework, and outline some directions and future opportunities.

Omni-Channel Retailing

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Özdemir ◽  
Mine Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Sales Volume ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Customer Satisfaction And Loyalty

Technological developments, changes in consumer behavior and intense competition are the most important threats of today, affecting many sectors as well as the retail industry. Innovative retailers, in the face of with these threats, have embraced and implemented the omni-channel retailing approach, which is the next step in multi-channel. However, other players in the retail industry lag behind this change. The aim of this chapter is to establish the experiences of innovative retailers that have adopted omni-channel retailing in the context of risks, challenges and opportunities. The research data were obtained using questionnaire method from the retailers in Turkey, one of the developing countries. As a result of the study, it was found that retailers who would adopt the omni-channel retailing would have the opportunities to be able to dominate all channels, provide better services to the customers, increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, keep in constant contact with the customers, get better customer recognition and increase sales volume.

Canadian ports-external challenges and reform

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Ircha ◽  
Jeff Wood
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Surface Mode ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
International Trading ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tariff Reductions

The federal ports system in Canada faces considerable challenges and opportunities from the rapidly changing international trading environment in which they operate. Global trade has grown as a result of tariff reductions and removal of non-tariff barriers emanating from successive rounds of GATT trade discussions. Ports in Canada and the U.S. have been pressured to improve productivity to handle increasing amounts of cargo in a timely manner. Trans-border trade continues to grow due to the FTA and subsequent NAFTA. However, most continental trade is transported by surface mode to the detriment of ports and the coastal trade in both countries. Improvements to transport technology and economic deregulation challenge ports due to the growth of an integrated intermodal system serving a continental transportation network. Such integrated intermodalism enables the diversion of containerized cargo through load-centre ports in both countries. The many challenges facing Canadian ports are partly driving the current port reform process. Steps have been taken over the past several years to involve the Canadian transportation industry in the development of a national marine policy. The Canada Marine Act, which recently was given royal assent, shifts major commercial ports towards a more businesslike setting. However, this may not be enough, as ports need to be freed from the strictures of the federal government to operate independently in a continental competitive transportation environment.Key words: ports, international trade, shipping, technology, deregulation, reform.

scholarly journals Clusters of Galaxies

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 699-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neta A. Bahcall
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Groups Of Galaxies ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Universe

AbstractClusters and groups of galaxies contain the majority of galaxies in the universe. The rich clusters, while less numerous than the many poor groups, are the densest and largest systems known, and can be easily recognized and studied even at relatively large distances. Their study is important for understanding the formation and evolution of clusters and galaxies, and for a determination of the large-scale structure in the universe.

scholarly journals Digital Media and Perceptions of Source Credibility in Political Communication

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Flanagin ◽  
Miriam J. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Political Information ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Information Consumers

The rich research heritage on source credibility is fundamentally linked to processes of political communication and the provision of political information. Networked digital technologies, however, have recently complicated the assessment of source credibility by modifying people’s ability to determine source expertise and trustworthiness, which are the foundations upon which credibility evaluations have traditionally rested. This chapter explores source credibility in online contexts by examining the credibility of digital versus traditional channels, the nature of political information conveyed by social media, and the dynamics of political information online. In addition, this chapter considers related research concerns, including the link between credibility and selective exposure, the potential for group polarization, and the role of social media in seeking and delivering credible political information. These concerns suggest challenges and opportunities as information consumers navigate the contemporary information environment in search of the knowledge to make them informed members of a politically engaged citizenry.

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