scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING THE EXPORT OF LATVIA TO UE COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Erika Pancenko ◽  
Tatyana Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Export Expansion ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
The Eu

The relevance of this study is tied to the fact, that more effective application of export potential represents a major step towards the integration of Latvia’s economy into a unified economic framework with other European Union countries. In addition, the lack of a generally accepted methodology for assessing export potential increases the significance of these studies from a methodological point of view. The purpose of this study is to analyse the trends in Latvian exports and assess the possibilities of increasing the volume of exports of goods to the EU countries. This study applied quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis, analysis of statistical data, methods for assessing the intensity, complementarity of trade between two countries and the potential for exporting Latvian goods to EU countries. The study identifies the countries and categories of goods where Latvian trade potentialto EU can be increased. The authors of the article propose criteria for determining possibility of increasing the export of various groups of goods. The paper may be of interest to all export transaction participants, including manufacturers, merchants, and professional associations. The export expansion assessment method applied by the authors may be adopted by exporting companies to identify groups of goods that have export growth reserves.

scholarly journals E-Government clusters in the EU based on the Gaussian Mixture Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Armenia ANDRONICEANU ◽  
Jani KINNUNEN ◽  
Irina GEORGESCU
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

The use of advanced ICT technologies and the support of new ways of thinking, acting and working in public administration, together with the increased provision of information and interactive services accessible through various channels, is the foundation of eGovernment. In recent years, there has been visible progress in all EU countries in terms of the general framework for e-government strategy, which is based on best practices and methodologies. The aim of our research is to discover the way in which the EU states are situated from the point of view of the digitalization of the administration. For this I used Gaussian models. The main research parameters were: accessibility; transparency, investments in information and communication technologies and investments in infrastructure related to public administrations in EU countries. The results show significant differences between state administrations. We applied Gaussian Mixture Model clustering in order to make an analysis of the national E-government situation in the European Union for 2018. The GMM algorithm estimated six clusters. We find that the first cluster, with Nordic countries, Netherlands and Austria, has the highest values of telecommunication infrastructure, citizens’ access to e-government services and Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index. At the opposite pole, in cluster 2, Romania and Bulgaria have the lowest values of these three indicators, while their public investment levels are not significantly under EU averages. Our research provides not only an overview of the digitization of administrations, but also what are the main lags that state administrations have to recover in order to reach a digital system integrated into the EU's administrative space.

European Asylum Policy

2005 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Asylum Policy ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Policy Harmonisation ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

Policy towards asylum seekers has been a controversial topic for more than a decade. Rising numbers of asylum applications have been met with ever-tougher policies to deter them. Following a period of policy harmonisation, the EU has reached a crucial stage in the development of a new Common European Asylum System. This paper seeks to shed light on what form this should take. It summarises the development of policy to date and it argues that these policies have been too tough, even from the point of view of EU citizens. Using an economic framework, it examines scenarios with different degrees of policy harmonisation and integration among EU countries. Finally, it argues that there is an important role for enhanced burden-sharing arrangements.

THE ROLE OF LABOUR IN CONTEMPORARY TRENDS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 560-561 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Leszek Kucharski ◽  
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the paper is to show relationships between the stock of labour and economic growth in the XXI. century, and especially to show the shares of this factor in economic growth. The empirical basis of the research is based on the statistical data for Poland and groups of the EU countries in the years 2000–2019. The research indicates the indicators of the shares of employment growth in GDP growth (the so-called absorption indicators) are in Poland much lower than in the country groups of the Eurozone, EU 15 and EU 27. Estimations of the limits of jobless growth indicate they are in Poland much lower in the years 2000–2019 than earlier, and moreover their levels are in Poland much higher than in the mentioned country groups.

scholarly journals Optimal Size of the General Government Sector from the Point of View of its Impact on the EU Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Teresa Mroczek ◽  
Tomasz Skica ◽  
Jacek Rodzinka
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
Complex Manner ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This article is an attempt to determine the optimal size of the general government sector (GGS) from the point of view of the economies of EU countries. Achievement of this research objective implied a few intermediate objectives. Firstly, measures enabling the description of the size of the general government sector were identified. In order to do that, measures present in the literature, classical measures of size of the GGS, as well as the public sector were extended to include additional measures proposed by the authors. Selected variables enabled us to measure the size of the GGS, choosing sector variables which positively influenced the economies of EU countries. Based on that, researches on optimization of the size of the general government sector from a perspective of the economies of EU countries were made, using for that purpose an approach based on diagnostic inference. A combination of research methodology innovative for such elaborations on the topic adopted by the authors resulted in the paper, presenting in a complex manner the issues of combining measures and impact of the general government sector on the economies of the researched countries.

scholarly journals IMPROVING METHODOLOGY OF RISK IDENTIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL DANGEROUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. BOCHKOVSKYI ◽  
N. Yu. SAPOZHNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Integral Criterion ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
International Labor ◽  
General Number ◽  
Production Effects ◽  
The Eu

In the paper, according to the analysis of statistical data, correlation between the amount of occupational injuries and occupationaldiseases in Ukraine within last 5 years is defined. Also, using methodology of the International Labor Organizationcorrelcation between the amount of accident fatalities and general number of accidents in Ukraine and EU countries (Austria, GreatBritain, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Poland, Hungry, Finland, France) is defined. It is shown that in spite of the positive dynamicsof decreasing amount of occupational injuries, the number of occupational diseases in Ukraine always increases. The comparativeanalysis of the ratio of the number of accident fatalities to the total number of registered accidents showed that, on average, Ukraineexceeds the EU countries by this indicator by 100 times.It is noted, that such negative indicators (in particular, increasing amount of occupational diseases), may occure because ofimperfect methodology for identifying the risks of professional dangerous.Also, it is ascertained that basing on the existed methodology, the identefication process of occupational dangerous isquite subjective, which reduces objectivity of conducting quantitative assessment. In order to eliminate defined drawnbacks it is firsttime proposed to use corresponding integral criterion to conduct the process of quantitative risk assessmentTo solve this problem authors formulate and propose an algorithm of improving methodology of a process of analysing dangerousand harmful production effects (DHPE) which are the mainest reasons of occupational dangerous.The proposed algorithm includes implementation of four following successive steps: DHPE identification, indication of theirmaximum allowed threshold of concentrations (levels), identification of the sources of identified DHPE, esimation of consequencesof manifestation.The improved proposed methodology allows indentify risks of occurrence occupational dangerous in systems "humantechnicalsystem-environment" even on the phase of its designing when dangerous and harmful manufactured factors are unknownyet.

scholarly journals Forecast of demand on the passenger transport market in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kozłowska ◽  
Grzegorz Cygan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Diversity ◽  
The Eu

Demand on the passenger transport market in the EU is a very important issue from the point of view of providing the public with specific communication services, enabling at the same time diversity in its selection. Good knowledge of the specificity of this market, the use of relevant statistical data explaining it and the development of an original econometric model verified by appropriate statistical tests allows to show the relationships determining its development in the time range 2000–2015.

scholarly journals THE SAFE CEILING OF LITHUANIAN BUDGET DEFICIT

Ekonomika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Arvydas Kregždė
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Substantial Growth ◽  
Outstanding Debt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. The paper deals with the impact of the budget deficit on the outstanding debt of Lithuania. The ceiling of 3%, which is set in the Maastricht Treaty, is used as a benchmark to simulate changes of the outstanding debt. In addition, the influence of the interest paid on the debt to the primary budget deficit is analysed. The analysis shows that the rule of the Maastricht Ttreaty concerning the ceiling of 3% for a budget deficit is not sufficient to have a steady or non-increasing state of the debt of Lithuania. Great varieties of GDP growth and the initial outstanding stock of the debt in the EU countries allow a very substantial growth of the debt as well as a decrease of the debt for an individual country, despite the limit of 3% being in place. In order to a have non-increasing debt of Lithuania, the ceiling of the budget deficit should be flexible and lower than that set by the Maastricht Treaty. The conclusion is based on statistical data of the EU countries and the model of integral presentation form of the debt applied in the Lithuanian case.Key words: budget, deficit, debt, sustainability

scholarly journals Differences in the generation of industrial waste from economic activities in Ukraine and the EU and the prospects for the integrated use of mineral raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 09008
Author(s):  
Victoria Gubina ◽  
Victor Zaborovsky ◽  
Natalia Mitsiuk ◽  
Aboubaker Farag Srat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The paper presents the comparative analysis of the amount of waste generated in Ukraine and European countries (except for radioactive waste) based on the official EU and Ukrainian statistical data. The data on waste generation are compiled according to the following classification: by economic activity and household, waste category, grades of hazard, and regions. In Ukraine, 352.3 million tons of waste was generated in 2018. By 2018, almost 13 billion tons of waste had been accumulated at the managed dumpsites, including about 12 million tons of hazardous and over 200 million tons of household waste. In the European Union, 2.6 billion tons of waste was generated in 2018. Over 70% of it was generated by 10 countries: Germany, France, England, Poland, Romania, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and Finland. By economic activity, the largest amounts of waste in Ukraine are generated by the mineral extraction and processing industry, the smallest – from water treatment and construction. In the EU countries, these values are somewhat different. For example, in Germany and France, the largest amounts of waste are generated from construction and manufacturing, the smallest – from agriculture, forestry and fishery. By waste category, the waste generated both in the EU countries and in Ukraine is mineral and solid waste. In Ukraine, the largest amounts of waste are produced and accumulated in the Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk and Zaporizhzhia regions which accommodate large enterprises for extraction and mineral processing of iron and manganese ores, titanium-zirconium placers, coal, dolomite, and metallurgical limestone, as well as metallurgical and ferroalloy plants.

An Application of Subgroup Discovery Algorithm on the Case of Decentralization and Quality of Governance in EU

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Lan Umek
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Subgroup Discovery ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses a statistical relationship between the decentralization of the EU countries and the quality of their governance. The degree of decentralization is measured from a fiscal and political point of view, and the quality of governance by multiple indicators and citizen opinions. The paper presents a subgroup discovery algorithm which is capable of analysing two sets of several variables, and uses it for the analysis of EU countries. The paper is one of the first to use the data mining methods from the social sciences domain. The used algorithm has discovered some interesting patterns which show a desired relationship. We have discovered that the proportion of public sector employees is one of the most important indicators, which strongly correlates with the degree of trust in the European and national institutions, the government effectiveness and the perception of corruption.

The concept of labour in a European perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 074-089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Coenen ◽  
Roelof Hortulanus
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Narrow Concept ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Eu

In this article, we first look at the pillars and guidelines of the European Employment Strategy that form the agreed targets of EU countries, and on which they base their National Action Plans concerning employment and labour market policies. In spite of the fundamental changes taking place in society in recent years, these pillars and guidelines have remained basically unchanged. We reflect critically on the EU targets and the principles underlying them, and comment on the implications of the narrow concept of labour inherent to the EU policies. In addition, we will explore how the traditional, narrow labour concept could be confronted with a more differentiated viewpoint, and consider the possible meaning of a basic income within this perspective. Finally, we make some remarks on developing such an alternative point of view, taking the perspective of modernisation of our traditional labour system as our point of departure.

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