La perception des enseignants et des élèves sur l’examen normalisé et le contrôle continu pour la matière de science de la vie et de la terre

Pour obtenir le certificat d’études primaires, secondaires collégiales ou secondaires qualifiants l’élève doit passer un examen normalisé au niveau régional ou au niveau national, dans les différentes matières enseignées. Dans cet article, nous avons traité les notes de la matière science de la vie et de la terre de l’examen normalisé et de contrôle continu. Cette étude menée auprès de 267 enseignants de cette matière (SVT), répartis sur un nombre important des établissements (secondaire collégiale, secondaire qualifiant), vise à comparer entre les notes du contrôle continu et les notes de l’examen normalisé régional et national, réaliser un diagnostic et une analyse de la réalité des notes obtenues dans la matière de SVT au secondaire collégial ou qualifiant, et identifier les perceptions des enseignants ainsi que des élèves sur les notes obtenues. L’ensemble des résultats de cette recherche permet de déterminer le niveau de l’échec scolaire dans cette matière. To obtain the primary school, junior high and high school certificate, the student must pass a standardized test at a regional or at a national level in the various taught subjects. In this article, we have covered the life science and earth science subject marks of both the standardized exam and continuous assessment. This study, conducted among 267 teachers of this subject (SVT), spreading over a large number of establishments (junior high school, secondary school), aims to compare the scores of the continuous assessment and the scores of the regional and national standardized examination, to achieve a diagnosis and analysis of the reality of the grades obtained in the SVT subject in college secondary or qualifying secondary, and to identify the perceptions of teachers of this subject as well as students on the obtained grades. All the results of this research allowed us to determine the level of failure in this subject.

Return to education and labor market in Cambodia: evidence form labor force survey 2012 and CSES 2014

This paper mainly estimates the returns to education employing the standard Mincerian function using the latest Cambodian labor force survey 2012, where the dependent variable is the natural logarithm of earnings and independent variables include years of schooling or educational attainment and potential experience. The paper also examines the effect of foreign language skills on earnings. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section examines Cambodia’s labor markets. The second section explores the econometric model, in particular, Mincerian function to estimate returns to education using the latest labor force survey conducted in 2012. We find that for employed persons with an educational level lower than or equal to grade 12 it is about 3.3 percent; but it is higher for males. The annualized rate of return to education for undergraduate level was approximately 17 percent. Regarding language skill, we find that people who hold a bachelor degree and can speak English can earn more than those who can speak only Khmer language. There is also a significant wage gap between bachelor holders and high school certificate holders at a ratio of 1.9.

Demographic profile of alcohol use disorder patient who received care from a de-addiction centre in central Kerala

Background: The world’s third largest risk factor for disease and disability is alcohol consumption. This is associated with many serious socio-economic issues, including violence, child neglect and abuse, and absenteeism at the workplace.Methods: In this study the socio demographic details of the patients admitted from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016 were collected directly from the medical records of a de-addiction centre situated at Thrissur, Kerala. The data was entered to excel and statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 21. A total of 571 cases were included in the study.Results: This study shows that more than half of the patients (52.42%) seeking de-addiction comes under middle age group with the mean age of 42 years. Based on educational category of the patients of this study only 10.4% had graduation and above. The majority of the subjects had either high school certificate or below (84.4%). The educational status of patients was comparable with the pattern among general population. In the present study, 32.9% of the patients are skilled workers. In terms of blood group distribution of the patients, the most observed blood group was O+ (41.4%) followed by B+ (23.9%).Conclusions: Large number of clients seeks help from de-addiction centers. The majority belonged to middle age group and the educational status of patients was comparable with the pattern among general population. There is necessity for further investigation in the de-addiction centers in order to evaluate pattern and trends in misuse of alcohol or substances.

Examining the motivation factors for individuals choosing self-employment: An assessment on Saudi labor market

The self-employment issue has attracted the attention of both researchers in the field of economies of labor and policymakers. This paper investigates the main determinants of being self-employed in Saudi Arabia including age, gender, qualification, earning, and non-financial benefits cited by the self-employed workers in the Saudi labor market. However, very limited previous research has discussed the subject of self-employment determinants altogether. The analysis uses the "household survey" Labor Force Direct Survey LFDS for Saudi Labor Market to investigate individuals’ determinants for being self-employed and to have a better explanation of self-employed jobs and their determinants. Estimates are presented on a sample of 1100 participants who became self-employed by 2017. The data provide detailed information on self-employment that allows analyzing the complete set of determinants that controlled self-employment. The descriptive statistics show that the self-employed tend to be young males aged between 20-35 years, with a preference of working in the telecommunication sector, with a high school certificate, and with a monthly earning target between 7001-10000 SR. Findings show that the most cited reason for the male at 90% was a preference for being one’s own boss. For females, the most cited motivating factor about 89% was ‘the opportunity to raise more money.

Differential Odds of Employment and Estimation of Earnings Among Those With Spinal Cord Injury

Our purpose was to identify demographic, educational, and injury-related characteristics associated with odds of employment and estimates of differential earnings among participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Self-report assessments were obtained from 1,983 participants who had traumatic SCI, were 18+ years old, and less than 65 years of age. All were recruited into the current cross-sectional study from previous studies of health and aging from the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. Midwestern participants had 2.41 higher odds of employment. Older age at injury was associated with lower odds of employment. There were no sex differences in the odds of employment, but women had an estimated US$19,431 lower conditional earnings. Non-Hispanic Blacks had 69% lower odds of employment, and those working had an estimated US$12,058 lower earnings. Ambulatory participants had higher odds of employment (odds ratio [OR] = 4.66) and higher conditional earnings (US$17,277) than those with the most severe SCI. Those with 4-year or postgraduate degrees had substantially higher odds of employment (OR = 4.15, OR = 5.72, respectively) and higher conditional earnings (US$29,990, US$44,580, respectively) compared with those with a high school certificate or less. These findings underscore the importance of policies to promote the optimal quality employment outcomes for people with SCI.

Explainers of science centres and museums: a study on these stakeholders in the mediation between science and the public in Brazil

In this paper, we investigate who are the explainers who work is Brazilian science centres and museums. We used an online survey, which was answered by 370 people from 73 institutions out of a group of 200 scientific and cultural centres. Our results indicate that most of these professionals are young people between 18 and 25 years old, they hold a high school certificate or are attending university, and they have been working in this field for less than five years. Only a fifth declared that they had done professional training before starting their activities; about 60% said that they are not prepared to attend to disabled visitors. We believe that our study will improve the practice of science communication, contributing to the creation of training and professional courses.

Bachelor Program and University Selection for STPM Leavers using TOPSIS

Choosing an appropriate bachelor program and university is a common scenario. In Malaysia, one major group of bachelor program prospect students is Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia (STPM, Malaysian High School Certificate) leavers. The prospect students made the selection based on several factors, including the requirement by the university, personal preferences, and influences by parents, teachers, and peers. The decision made is normally unstructured and bias due to the personal preferences and the influencers. This research aims to study “Technique for Order Preference for Similarity to an Ideal Solution” (TOPSIS) from the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method family in assisting the STPM leavers in choosing the program and university. Decision criteria are obtained from a group of STPM students (domain experts). The actual requirement from twenty Malaysian public universities and STPM results are used to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The illustrative experiments and results of the study have successfully shown the ranked alternatives.