Assessing Cultural Experiences in Historic Urban Centres: Built Forms and Qualities

Human settlements evolved over time and the historic towns of yesterday are the growing urban centres of today. The built environment in historic areas is undergoing such rapid transformation that visitors are no longer able to experience cultural values of the past. Identifying the cultural values that people experience in terms of the qualities of what, where and how may support a more realistic form of conservation planning. To assess one’s cultural experience in a historic centre, it is important to delineate the significant architectural heritage and its multiple qualities across time. For the purposes of this heritage value study, the historic city of Tiruchirappalli in southern India is chosen. The city, one of the oldest in India, is situated on the banks of a river and comprises an age-old hillock and many other important built forms. Using rapid ethnographic assessment methods, 12 characteristic forms were found and these were categorised according to eight qualities: historical, sacred, visual, spatial, functional, physical, memorable and sensitive. The validity of these qualities from peoples’ experiences on cultural values require further examination on a few sample streets with special focus on where and how visitors and residents feel the strongest sense of place.

The History of Pre-Petrine Russia as Recounted by Voltaire: The View of an Enlightened European

This article analyses Voltaire’s evaluation of pre-Petrine Russia, its evolution, the sources of Voltaire’s data on medieval Muscovy, and his Russian contemporaries’ attitude to the historical work of the enlightener. The topic of Russia is touched upon in a number of Voltaire’s works: The History of Charles XII, Anecdotes of Peter the Great, Essay on the Customs and the Spirit of the Nations, and History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great. Peter I is always characterised as the “creator” of a new Russia. This idea, as well as European stereotypes of Muscovy, determined the author’s attitude to pre-Petrine Rus’. Voltaire created a picture of a barbaric society characterised by superstitions, ignorance, despotism, the enslavement of its subjects, the dominance of Asian customs, and isolation. In History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great, Voltaire softens his characterisation of pre-Petrine Rus’. It no longer looks to him like a country stuck in its barbarism. Voltaire emphasises the desire of Peter’s predecessors for transformation, as a result of which the picture of medieval Russia acquires a more realistic form. On becoming acquainted with the sources, the enlightener’s observations indicate the formation of a new look at the process of civilization. The article’s author singles out issues of medieval history of Russia considered by Voltaire in his works and the sources that formed the basis of the “Russian” works of the famous French writer, paying attention to the conclusions that ultimately not only confirmed Voltaire’s new history of Russia, but also outlined novel ways to study world history.

Mapping the Catchment Area of Park and Ride Facilities within Urban Environments

A Park and Ride (P & R) system is a set of facilities located throughout an urban area that can serve as transfer points for travelers that would like to utilize their private vehicles for one part of their journey and a more sustainable transport mode, such as public transport, for another part of the same journey. The catchment area of the facilities is identified as a fundamental element for planning a P & R system. It can be assumed to be accurately represented by several geometric shapes, such as a circle or a parabola. In that regard, a method denominated as the parabola method can be used to visualize those geometric shapes on digital maps of an urban environment. It can be implemented as a software program that integrates the variables that represent the elements of the P & R system as well as the set of equations that are used in a geographic information system (GIS) software. A significant aspect of how the parabola method is applied is its orientation as a shape, which is traditionally configured in respect to the area of major business activity or central business districts (CBDs). In fact, the research presented in this article aims to provide a new approach to the parabola’s orientation to study the P & R system’s catchment area by proposing the parabola’s orientation according to the primary access that potential users used to reach the facility. A case study that portrays the application of our method is given that is focused on the medium-sized city of Cuenca, Ecuador, where we determine which approach to the parabola’s orientation is the most suitable. In conclusion, the second approach proposed in this research reflects in a more realistic form the operation of the catchment area of the P & R system, considering a better distribution of the coverage area of the P & R system in the urban environment.

Pendekatan Matematika Realistik dengan Bantuan Puzzle Pecahan untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar

There are still many students who have difficulties in learning fractions, because instructional is often delivered with abstract which is dominated by formal methods. Therefore, a new approach is needed, accompanied by adequate learning media to overcome the problems mentioned above. A realistic mathematical approach with the help of fractional puzzles was designed to help students to explain the abstract situations of a problem into a realistic form then developed to direct students to mathematically search solutions. The place of this study was in SD al Muslim Tambun with the research subjects of the fourth grade students of Ibnu Rusyd 2015/2016 Academic Year as many as 28 students. This is a Class Action Research with 2 trial cycles. The data was analyzed by comparing conventional techniques without learning media with realistic mathematical approaches with the help of fractional puzzles. The results shows that in the first cycle experiment there was an increase in the average value of learning outcomes of 15.64% with an average grade of 75.4. Then in the second cycle experiment there was an increase in the average value of student learning outcomes by 23.31% with an average grade value of 80.4. It can be concluded that the realistic mathematical approach with the help of fractional puzzles can increase the value of student learning outcomes in fraction addition material with the same denominator in elementary school.

Osanai, Kaoru (1881–1928)

Osanai Kaoru was a Japanese director, playwright, critic, teacher, theater manager, and translator. A key figure in the shingeki movement, Osanai is credited with moving the Japanese stage toward modernist Realism and Naturalism. The founder of several key shingeki companies, Osanai was heavily involved in actor training and the move toward a Stanislavskian-based realistic form of theater. Osanai was born in Hiroshima in 1881. He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1909 with a degree in English Literature. After graduation, he assisted Tanizaki Jun’ichirō in laughing and producing the literary journal Shinshicho [New Trends of Thought]; he also translated Western drama for the journal. In 1909 he formed the Jiyū Gekijō [Free Theater] with kabuki actor Ichikawa Sadanji II. Rejecting both kabuki and shimpa conventions, the Free Theater’s first production was Ibsen’s John Gabriel Borkman. From that point onward the Free Theater staged productions of modern realist plays, including works by Wedekind, Gorki, and Chekhov. Osanai and Ichikawa also made the decision to use professional kabuki actors in Free Theater productions; this did, however, result in a confusion of acting and performance styles, especially as Osanai pushed for an end to declamatory forms of kabuki performance in favor of more naturalistic modes of speech and action.

The effects of nucleus form factors on the electromagnetically produced heavy lepton pairs

In this paper, the effects of different nucleus form factors to the cross-sections of electromagnetically produced heavy lepton pairs such as muons and tauons from the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions have been calculated. Nucleus form factors play important roles in the calculation of the cross-sections, because the Compton wavelengths of muon and tauon are comparable to the radius of the colliding ions. Some realistic form factors in these calculations have been used and compared the results among them. It has been shown that nucleus form factors reduce the cross-section calculations for muon and tauon pair production very strongly especially at RHIC energies.

E-BUSINESS - A CONTEMPORARY REALISTIC FORM OF SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS

Nowadays, businesses are founded on the law of excluded middle and have to make a choice between two paths: they can either choose to evolve and keep pace with the technological trends, or to stagnate and wither just like a flower without water does, and so they become useless – both ways can be probable in the current economic context. Together with the technological evolution of the world, a new type of business has emerged on the business market, namely electronic business. Numerous websites and companies which deal with online sales are present on the market. Whether they organise online auctions or offer access to information pages or databases in exchange for payment, electronic businesses represent a new manner of doing business, a domain which is currently expanding.

PROTON-NUCLEUS ELASTIC SCATTERING AT ~1 GeV AND THE NN AMPLITUDE

Working within the framework of Coulomb modified correlation expansion of the Glauber amplitude, we analyse the elastic scattering of ~1 GeV protons on 4 He , 12 C , 16 O and 40 Ca nuclei. Emphasis has been put on the use of different parametrizations of the basic (input) NN amplitude, which provide equivalently good accounts of the elastic NN scattering observables up to the available momentum transfer region. Using realistic form factors for target nuclei, it is found that the proton-nucleus collisions could provide a test to know which is the better choice of the NN amplitude. The analysis also considers the possibility of extracting some additional information about the matter density distributions.

FERMION MASSES AND MIXING IN 331 MODELS WITH HORIZONTAL SYMMETRY

The possibility of adding an SU(2) horizontal symmetry to the 331 model is studied. It is found that simple, anomaly-free fermion assignments can be made which lead to plausible results for fermion masses and mixings. In particular, all particles of the first generation are massless at tree-level, and the CKM matrix acquires a realistic form.