Women in Power? Examining Gender and Promotion in Policing Through an Organizational Perspective

Women bring important strengths to the field of policing, such as communication skills, the ability to lead teams, as well as the ability to coach and nurture subordinates. Despite these contributions, the rate of women entering policing has stagnated in recent years, and the percentage of women in supervisory, command, and leadership positions remains low. To explain this, we use an organizational structure perspective to explore how characteristics of police agencies (e.g., department size, officer demographics, and formalization) may influence the promotion of women to leadership positions. We make suggestions regarding hiring and retention and provide recommendations for further research.

1121 Single Use Nasal Endoscopes – A Review of The Cost and Organisational Implications Based on Department Size

Aim Single use nasal endoscopes have become increasingly popular since the COVID-19 pandemic. By avoiding the risk of cross contamination and reducing exposure by eliminating the need for re-processing, the disposable scopes have clear safety benefits. Despite ENT UK guidelines recommending that disposable nasal endoscopes be available in every department for use in emergencies, they have often been considered prohibitively expensive. The aim of this study was to analyse the costs associated with traditional nasal endoscopes and compare them to the single use scopes. Method A micro costing exercise was undertaken in three ENT departments: 2 university hospitals, and 1 district general hospital. The outcomes were compared and discussed with relation to the logistics of the departments, as well as organizational considerations. Results Cost per procedure varied according to the reprocessing methods used in the different departments. The cost of the disposable nasal endoscopes appears high, however there are many hidden costs associated with the traditional scopes, which can be difficult to quantify accurately. Conclusions Although disposable endoscopes appear costly, reprocessing and frequent repairs required for re-usable scopes account for the comparable cost per procedure. The high risk of COVID-19 transmission from examining the upper aerodigestive tract means that the safety benefits bear more weight in the current climate. However, concerns regarding environmental impact, image quality and storage of examinations also need to be considered.

Factors Influencing Internal Audit Fund Sufficiency

This study is motivated by the lack of internal audit (IA) fund research and examines the influence that the following elements have on IA fund sufficiency: IA quality factors (experience, certification and training), the independence and objectivity of Chief Audit Executives (rotation, reporting line and appointment), IA characteristics (IA department size and age), budget changes, and IA risk assessment activities. This study identifies 2,205 Chief Audit Executives and uses logistic regression to examine the impact of internal audit quality, independence, characteristics and activity on IA fund sufficiency. The results show that IA quality variables, independence and objectivity variables, IA size, age and budget changes all contribute to predicting fund sufficiency for the model IA department. The results also demonstrate that the risk assessment variable does not contribute to the model. The value of this study is that it provides empirical evidence regarding identifying factors that influence internal audit fund sufficiency. This study’s evidence has implications for policymakers and practitioners, as the actual issue of IA fund sufficiency has yet to be examined.

The Scholarly Output of Faculty in Family Medicine Departments

Background and Objectives: While prior efforts have assessed the scope of family medicine research, the methods have differed, and the efforts have not been routinely repeated. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify publications, journals, citations, and funding of US family medicine faculty and identify factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: We identified faculty in US departments of family medicine through website searches and performed a cross-sectional study. We included 2015 publications in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Web of Science (a database that aggregates a wide range of catalogs). We calculated descriptive statistics assessing the publications, journals, and citations for family medicine faculty. We conducted bivariate analyses by department region, department size, public/private status, faculty title, and faculty degree. Results: We identified 6,738 faculty at 134 departments, with 15% of faculty having any publications. Family medicine faculty published 3,002 times (mean of 2.9 among those with any publications). The mean number of publications was highest for faculty in departments in the West (3.7), in the third quartile for size (3.6), with a professor title (4.0), and with combined MD or DO/PhD degrees (4.3). Faculty published 84% of the time in non-family medicine journals and were cited 13,548 times. Faculty listed federal funding for over half (52%) of the times they published. Conclusions: Publications from family medicine faculty are not concentrated in family medicine journals and are being referenced by others. These figures are larger than prior estimates and should be tracked over time.

Getting rid of a heavy shield: downsizing the in-house legal department?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the number of lawsuits on firm performance and in-house legal department size. More importantly, this paper also aims to explore the interaction effect of in-house legal department size on the aforementioned lawsuit-performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analyses are performed by using secondary data. Structural equation modeling is employed in order to examine multiple structural relationships between the number of lawsuits, size of in-house legal department, and firm performance. Findings Three key findings were generated: number of lawsuits has a significant detrimental effect on firm performance; number of lawsuits is positively associated with size of in-house legal departments; and size of in-house legal departments negatively moderates the relationship between number of lawsuits and firm performance. Practical implications The results corroborate the harmfulness of lawsuits. On the one hand, a large number of lawsuits damage the firm’s financial performance directly; on the other hand, more lawsuits lead to enlarged in-house legal departments which further aggravate the negative effects of lawsuits on firm performance. These results suggest that firms should spend more effort in properly managing legal departments. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by empirically examining the economic impacts of lawsuits on firm performance. Moreover, it also explored the notion that having a large size of in-house legal department does not mitigate, but aggravates the harmfulness of lawsuits on firm performance.

The determinants of financial, social and Sharia disclosure accountability for Islamic banks

This study seeks to examine disclosure levels in the annual report and websites related to Islamic accountability pillars which are Sharia, social and financial. The study also aims to measure the association between disclosure levels and firm-specific characteristics. The manual content analysis is employed. Our sample consists of 117 Islamic banks (IBs) based on data of 2016 across 23 countries. The authors adopted 3 indices for Corporate Social Responsibility Report (CSRR); Sharia Supervisory Board Report (SSBR) and financial statements (FS) based on holistic benchmark. Descriptive analysis shows relatively high disclosure level for financial and Sharia disclosure (62% and 52% respectively) and relatively low for social disclosure (28%). Concerned with holistic disclosure level that measuring accountability’ pillars for all sections in the annual report, disclosure levels about Sharia, social and financial are 40%; 28% and 81% respectively. The regression analysis shows partial positive significant association of disclosure levels with existing Sharia auditing department; size of bank and probability in additional to Sharia auditing department. This study is the first one that investigates a holistic framework about Islamic accountabilities for IBs around the world (117 across 23 countries). It is also the first one that measuring the accountability concept in all sections in the annual report for IBs as well as their websites.

Institutional Type and Campus Recreation Department Staff as a Mediating Factor for Diversity/Multicultural Training

The main purpose of this study was to identify what factors restrict campus recreation departments from performing diversity/multicultural training. This study addressed the lack of research on diversity/multicultural training programs within campus recreation departments and examined the relationship between type of institution, department size, and the number and types of diversity/multicultural training programs offered in an academic year. Of the 210 campus recreation departments surveyed, 52% indicated they did not have enough time to give the necessary attention to diversity/multicultural training and any related strategies and initiatives. Of the 108 institutions that offer diversity/multicultural training, limited staff (47%), limited expertise/knowledge (46%), and other constraints (41%) hindered their ability to carry out effective diversity/multicultural training. By identifying diversity/multicultural training as a priority, campus recreation administrators could focus on what they are capable of providing given their department's staff, resources, budget, and knowledge of diversity/multicultural training programs.

Exploring Inter-Departmental Variation in Departmental Stress Using Medical Claims Data

Background:Over the last several years there has been an increasing emphasis on making organizations healthy and functional places to work.Objective:To develop a scale of departmental stress from residualized, aggregated medical-claims data.Methods:Following the strategy of using aggregated individual data to infer the characteristics of larger units, we use medical-claims data from a metropolitan research university. Logged residuals of average individual medical claims are aggregated over a two-year period, controlling for compositional (% Female and % 50 and older) and other factors (Department size and Presence of a lab using toxic chemicals). We then examine the internal consistency and factor structure of a scale constructed from a reduced-set of 14 ICD-9 medical claim categories.Results:Our results indicate a dominant primary factor that explains 44% of the common variance. The scale is also internally consistent, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of. 87.Conclusion:We conclude that there is meaningful, coherent variation in medical claims across departments that is tentatively interpreted in terms of departmental stress.

Contribuição da contabilidade na gestão da terceirização de serviços em hospitais

The study aims to determine the contribution of accounting to the management of services outsourcing in hospitals in Santa Catarina. Was performed descriptive research through a survey with the managers of the hospitals affiliated with Federação dos Hospitais de Santa Catarina (FEHOESC), having as the sample 24 responding hospitals. For the survey was used the questionnaire developed by Lamminmaki (2008), composed of four factors that may influence the participation of accounting and the sophistication of accounting systems in the management of services outsourcing. The results indicate that the factors analyzed (existence of internal accounting, existence of controllership department, size of the hospitals and managers training) contribute in a weak way to the accounting participation and to the sophistication of accounting systems to the management of services outsourcing. It is concluded that the contribution of accounting to services outsourcing management is weak in the hospitals surveyed. This result instigates investigate the reasons for the apathy found, since accounting should be an important source of information for the management of services outsourcing in hospitals.