Quantum Mechanics from the Energy Circulation Theory — Wave Function Showing an Energy Location in the 3D Real Space

The Schrödinger equation is one of the cores in quantum mechanics, but bears a contradiction. In the process to obtain the energy and momentum operators, the relation [Formula: see text] is used for [Formula: see text]. However, when they are applied to the Hamiltonian equation, the kinetic energy is set as [Formula: see text]. Based on the Energy Circulation Theory, we examine in this paper the quantization of motions of a particle. We clarify in which situation and for what energy we can use the relation [Formula: see text]. We derive a wave equation de novo to provide wave functions representing a concrete motion and energy distribution of a particle. The Schrödinger equation has a similar form by chance but the mass in our new equation is that of energy quantum expressed by [Formula: see text], which is common for any energies of any particles and decided only by the moving speed. A solution shows an energy location in the 3D real space even if it is expressed in complex. When a motion of a particle gets in circle, its circular frequency becomes quantized. In an atom, an electron circulates around the hidden dimensional axis, and the circulation can further rotate. We propose the quantization conditions for the electron orbiting, and derive the wave functions in concrete for S and P orbitals, which are different from current perceptions. We also demonstrate that the uncertainty principle is not valid for a motion of a particle.

Computational Study on the Interaction and Moving of ssDNA through Nanosheets

The adsorption characteristics and moving through nanopores of a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) molecule on monolayers, such ashexagonal boron nitride and graphene nanosheets, were studied using the continuous approach with the 6–12 Lennard–Jones potential function. The ssDNA molecule is assumed to be at a distance l above the sheet, and the relation between the minimum energy location and the perpendicular distance of the ssDNA molecule from the nanosheet surface is found. In addition, by assuming that there is a hole in the surface of the nanosheet as a pore, the interaction energies for the ssDNA molecule moving through the pore in the surface of the nanosheet (used to calculate the radius p of the hole) are obtained, which provides the minimum energies. Furthermore, a comparative study with graphene was performed in order to compare with hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Our results indicate that the binding energies of the ssDNA onto graphene and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets are approximately 15.488 and 17.582 (kcal/mol), corresponding to perpendicular distances of l=20.271 and l=20.231 Å, respectively. In addition, we observe that the ssDNA molecule passes through graphene and hexagonal boron nitride nanopores when the gap radius p>7.5 Å. Our results provide critical insights to understand and develop the interactions and translocation of DNA molecules with and through nanosheets.

A Multilevel Isolation Forrest and Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm for Impact Characterization on Composite Structures

In this paper, a Deep Learning approach is proposed to classify impact data based on the type of impact (Hard or Soft Impacts), via obtaining voltage signals from Piezo-Electric sensors, mounted on a composite panel. The data is processed further to be classified based on their energy, location and material. Minimalistic and Automated feature extraction and selection is achieved via a deep learning algorithm. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are employed to extract and select important features from the voltage data. Once features are selected the impacts, are classified based on either, Hard Impacts (simulated from steel impactors in a lab setting), Soft Impacts (simulated from silicon impactors in a lab setting) and their corresponding location and energy levels. Furthermore, in order to use the right data for training they are obtained from the signals as anomalies via Isolation Forests (IF) to speed up the process. Using this approach Hard and Soft Impacts, their corresponding locations and respective energies are identified with high accuracy.

Perancangan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) 10 MW di Pulau Sumba, NTT

Wind energy is a renewable energy sources which has big potency to develop in Eastern Indonesia especially in East Nusa Tenggara that has low electrification ratio (58.64%) and mostly depend on Diesel Powered Electric Generator as main electric power generation. One effort to meet electricity needs in NTT is through the development of Wind Powered Electric Generator. One of the islands that have the best wind energy potential in NTT is Sumba Island. Based on consideration of the potential of wind energy, location topography, and transportation access, the most appropriate location for the design of Wind Powered Electric Generator in Sumba Island is the Mondu District. Based on the electricity needs in the island of Sumba of 10 MW, the design of the Wind Powered Electric Generator which is carried out with the concept of a wind farm produces its design with 105 wind turbines with three propellers, each with a power of 100 kW. The total electrical power generated by the PLTB which was designed was 10.24 MW after taking the wake effect into consideration due to the laying of the wind turbine.Energi angin merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia Timur terutama di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) yang masih mempunyai rasio elektrifikasi rendah (58,64%) dan masih mengandalkan PLTD sebagai pembangkit listrik utama. Salah satu upaya untuk mencukupi kebutuhan listrik di NTT adalah melalui pengembangan PLTB. Salah satu pulau yang mempunyai potensi energi angin paling baik di NTT adalah Pulau Sumba. Berdasarkan pertimbangan potensi energi angin, topografi lokasi, dan akses transportasi, lokasi yang paling tepat untuk perancangan PLTB di Pulau Sumba adalah di Distrik Mondu. Berdasarkan kebutuhan listrik di Pulau Sumba sebesar 10 MW, maka perancangan PLTB yang dilakukan dengan konsep ladang angin (wind farm) menghasilkan rancangan PLTB dengan 105 buah turbin angin dengan tiga baling-baling yang masing-masing berdaya 100 kW. Total daya listrik yang dihasilkan oleh PLTB yang dirancang adalah 10,24 MW setelah memperhitungkan adanya wake effect akibat peletakan turbin angin.

Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Over Imperfect Reporting Channel using an Improved Energy Detector in Multiple Antenna Based Cognitive Radio

The presentation research of agreeable variety detecting with the help of a complicated energy finder is displayed in this paper. Subjective radios contain of severa reception apparatuses. each highbrow radio distinguishes essential customer sign with improved energy location, i.E., control 'p' of the adequacy of important examples. each CR takes its very very own selection and advances to the aggregate focus. The combination hobby melds all of the stop, and sincerely the final end of the nearness or nonattendance of the vital purchaser is executed. The articulations for the synthetic alert opportunity and the likelihood of left out region were determined, and the complete mistake price is determined. Streamlining of the all out amount of CR, strength discovery control 'p' and the quantity of reception apparatuses at every CR is completed with the help of diagram and articulations thru diminishing the all out blunder fee. With the assist of numerous reception apparatuses with low SNR amongst PU-CR joins, it is validated that we can accomplish a base blunder price

Energy Conservation In Wsn Using Hyper Sphere Sensor Optimisation

Due to minimum energy consumption and compact size, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used in almost all areas of research. In WSN, optimum coverage and lifetime of nodes are major challenges. In this paper, a Hyper Sphere Sensor Optimization is proposed to estimate the neighbourhood distance for placing the sensor nods in an optimal way over an effective location. Levy fight in flower pollination utilized for optimal energy location with hyper sphere localization. In first phase based on hyper sphere is used to location identification of sensor nodes. Based on neighbour hood distance energy consumption of sensor network nodes are reduced. The results show that the proposed method is effective than other methods in terms of reducing the reduced energy consumption.

Portable technology and multi-domain energy practices

This article complements the concept of embedded security by proposing disembedded security to capture consumers’ energy practices when travelling across multiple domains of energy accessibility. Consumer mobility outside the home produces misalignments between infrastructure and portable technology experienced as ‘hysteresis of the battery’. Hysteresis captures how respondents are subject to ‘unpleasant unpredictability’ about battery-based technology and infrastructure, which spurs hermeneutic reflection about energy, location and sociality. Multi-domain energy practices therefore bring energy consumers to ‘reembed’ or create a sense of psychological comfort on the move. Charge levels on battery icons not only structure daily patterns of consumer life through planning efforts but become interpretively entangled in issues of duration, distance and sociality as energy demands in portable technology push consumers to avoid disruption.