Abstract
The surface modification of precipitated silica powders by plasma-polymerization with acetylene monomer in order to improve their performance in NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM rubber blends, by matching the surface energies of the silica fillers of the rubbers, is the subject of this study. Silica, used as reinforcing filler for elastomers, is coated with a polyacetylene (PA) film and characterized by water penetration measurements, Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) area, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). All techniques show the evidence of a PA-film deposition on the surface of silica. The properties of NBR, EPDM and blends based on NBR and EPDM, filled with untreated, PA- and silane-treated silica, are investigated by measurement of the Payne effect, the bound rubber content and weight loss related to bound rubber, the reinforcement parameter and mechanical properties. The PA-silica filled samples show a lower Payne effect for EPDM and NBR/EPDM compared to the rubbers filled with unmodified silica. However, PA-silica filled NBR shows a higher Payne effect. This indicates an improved filler dispersion in the EPDM and NBR/EPDM, and a poorer dispersion in the NBR. The reduction of the reinforcement parameter as found for NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM indicates a lower degree of agglomeration in comparison with untreated and silane-treated silica. The PA-silica filled samples show the highest bound rubber contents and “in-rubber structure” for both rubbers as well as for the blend, compared to both other silica samples. The mechanical properties of untreated silica filled blend of NBR/EPDM are worse compared to the pure rubbers, but acetylene polymerization onto silica results in a significant improvement relative to the unmodified silica. The combined effects all point in the direction of improved compatibility of the PA-silica with the apolar EPDM. This results in better dispersion and stronger interaction with the EPDM, particularly in the blend with NBR, so as to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the blend relative to the use of untreated or silane-treated silica.