Sebaran Dan Nilai Indeks Jasa Ekosistem Pengaturan Kualitas Udara, Iklim Dan Air Di Kabupaten Konawe

Ecosystem services to regulate air quality, climate, water system and water purification are important ecosystem services for human life and other living things. The objective of the research was to analyze the distribution and value of ecosystem services index of air quality, climate, water system and water purification of Konawe Regency. This research was conducted through the study of ecoregion characteristics, covering landforms, natural vegetation types and land cover. Data analysis includes the calculation of ecosystem services index and spatial distribution of ecosystem services index. The results showed that the dominant type of landform in Konawe Regency was the structural hills of metamorphic rock material with natural vegetation in the form of forests and the dominant land cover was primary dry land forests.The average value of the Ecosystem Services Index (ESI) of air quality regulation were 2.88 (medium), climate regulation and water system arrangements were 3.18 (medium) and 3.12 (medium) and water purification settings was 2.12 (low). The average value of the ecosystem services index of the four types of regulatory services was 2.83 with a moderate category. The average ESI value of Sub District of Latoma, Asinua, Routa, Abuki and Meluhu were 3.92, 3.65, 3.62, 3.51 and 3.49 with high categories, respectively. The performance of environmental services of air quality regulation is dominated by a high category of 221,489.56 hectares or 41.99 percent, while climate regulation was dominated by a very high category of 243,516.50 hectares or 46.17 percent. The performance of ecosystem services of water system and water purification arrangements reached an area of 235,459.44 hectares or 44.64 percent and 32,723.16 hectares or 43.04 percent respectively.Keywords: ecoregion, ecosystem services index, regulating ecosystem services,spatial distributionJasa ekosistem pengaturan kualitas udara, iklim, tata air dan pemurnian air merupakan jasa ekosistem penting terhadap kehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran dan nilai indeks jasa ekosistem pengaturan kualitas udara, iklim, tata air dan pemurnian air Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui kajian karakteristik ekoregion, mencakup bentang lahan, tipe vegetasi alami dan tutupan lahan. Analisis data meliputi perhitunganindeksjasaekosistem dan sebaranspasialindeksjasaekosistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe bentang lahan yang dominan di Kabupaten Konawe adalah perbukitan structural lipatan bermaterial batuan metamorfik dengan vegetasi alami berupa hutanpamah (non dipterokarpa) dan tutupan lahan dominan adalah hutan lahan kering primer. Rata-rata nilai Indeks Jasa Ekosistem pengaturan kualitas udara adalah 2,88 (sedang), pengaturan iklim dan pengaturan tata air masing-masing sebesar 3,18 (sedang) dan 3,12 (sedang) dan pengaturan pemurnian air adalah 2,12 (rendah). Nilai rata-rata indeks jasa ekosistem dari empat jenis jasa pengaturan tersebut adalah 2,83 dengan kategori sedang. Nilai IJE rata-rata Kecamatan Latoma yakni 3,92, Kecamatan Asinua sebesar 3,65, KecamatanRouta sebesar 3,62, serta KecamatanAbuki dan KecamatanMeluhu masing-masing 3,51 dan 3,49 dengan kategori tinggi. Kinerja jasa lingkungan pengaturan kualitas udara didominasi oleh kategori tinggi seluas 221.489,56 hektaratau 41,99%, sementara itu pengaturan iklim didominasi oleh kategori sangat tinggiseluas 243.516,50 hektaratau 46,17%. Kinerja jasa ekosistem pengaturan tata air dan pengaturan pemurnian air mencapai luas masing-masing 235.459,44 hektaratau 44,64% dan 32.723,16 hektaratau 43,04%.Kata Kunci:ekoregion, jasa ekosistem pengaturan, indeks jasa ekosistem, sebaran spasial

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Assessment of the Selected Regulating Ecosystem Services Using Ecosystem Services Matrix in Two Model Areas: Special Nature Reserve Obedska Bara (Serbia) and Protected Landscape Area Dunajske Luhy (Slovakia)

Land ◽

10.3390/land10121401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1401

Author(s):

Ivan Laco

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Land Cover ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Landscape Management ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Human Society ◽

Local Climate ◽

Climate Regulation ◽

Quality Regulation

In this paper we are analyzing the potential of land cover features to provide three regulating ecosystem services (ESs), ES Local climate regulation, ES Water quality regulation and ES Biodiversity promotion, in two case study areas: Special nature reserve (SNR) Obedska bara (Serbia) and Protected landscape area (PLA) Dunajske luhy (Slovakia). Regulating ESs are not only important for proper functioning of ecosystems, but they are also crucial for the existence of human society. To assess the potential of land cover features to provide regulating ESs, we used biophysical methods. The maps of land cover potential to provide regulating ES are the result of the analyses. The results indicate that forests are the most important ecosystems that provide ES Local climate regulation and ES Water quality regulation. For ES Biodiversity promotion, the most important ecosystems were natural and seminatural meadows, wetlands, natural and seminatural rivers and water bodies as well as forests. Overall SNR Obedska bara has higher potential to provide all three regulating ESs than PLA Dunajske luhy. These findings point to the importance of natural areas in ensuring the provision of regulating ESs. Properly selected landscape management is the key for maintaining or improving the potential of land cover features to provide regulating ESs. The research can help local authorities in decision making and in creating conservation strategies for selected protected areas.

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Beijing Resident’s Preferences of Ecosystem Services of Urban Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Han Zhi-Ying ◽

Youn Yeo-Chang

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Air Quality ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Urban Forestry ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Wildlife Habitat ◽

Quality Regulation ◽

Water Provision ◽

Air Quality Regulation

This paper aims to investigate the Beijing resident’s preferences over various options of urban forest management strategies. The literature investigation and expert Delphi method were conducted to classify the ecosystem services of urban forests into six categories: (1) fresh water provision, (2) noise reduction, (3) moderation of extreme events, (4) air quality regulation, (5) species diversity and wildlife habitat, and (6) recreation and spiritual experience. To elicit the relative preferences to ecosystem service (hereafter referred to as ES) of Beijing residents, we employed the choice experiment method. The data were collected by interviews with questionnaires conducted in October 2017, and a total of 483 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The subjects of this experiment were residents older than 19 years old who have lived in Beijing for more than 1 year and have visited any one of the urban forests located in Beijing more than once during 2016. The results were as follows: Firstly, the air quality regulation ES was considered as the most important service for Beijing residents in terms of their choices of urban forest. In addition, Beijing residents regarded the fresh water provision ES as the second most important ES. Beijing residents were willing to pay up to 1.84% of the average monthly income of Chinese households annually to expand urban forest ecosystems in order to improve air quality. Secondly, apartment owners were willing to pay more municipality tax for forest ESs than residents who did not own an apartment. Thirdly, residents were more willing to pay for urban forest ESs as their income increases. The results indicated that Beijing residents were willing to pay more tax in support of urban forestry for air quality improvement. This research suggests that urban environmental policy makers in Beijing should pay more attention to the regulation function of forests (especially improving air quality) when designing and managing urban forests.

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Valuing a Logging Externality: Loss of the Water Purification Service of Temperate Coastal Rainforests

Water Economics and Policy ◽

10.1142/s2382624x16500326 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 1650032 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duncan Knowler ◽

Ashley Page ◽

Andrew Cooper ◽

H. Andres Araujo

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Management ◽

Water Purification ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water System ◽

Timber Harvesting ◽

Traffic Volume ◽

Multiple Use ◽

Trade Offs

In many biodiversity rich watersheds, there is a lack of understanding concerning the trade-offs between timber harvesting and maintaining the watershed’s other ecosystem services, where losses of these services can occur as an externality from timber harvesting. As a result, the potential benefit from an appropriate mix of activities in multiple-use watersheds frequently remains unrealized. Our study provides insight into such trade-offs by estimating the value of a loss in a forest’s water purification/filtration service due to sedimentation caused by logging (the externality). More specifically, we develop a model to quantify the economic impact of increased sedimentation from forest roads on the quality of raw water withdrawn by a municipal water utility. Our approach is novel in several ways. First, we recognize the complex response of the water treatment plant to elevated sedimentation (turbidity) by considering a stochastic environmental influence on water system performance; to accommodate this complexity, we estimate the number of times turbidity exceeds an acceptable threshold by using a count data estimation procedure. Second, we generate alternative time series for turbidity that vary according to assumptions about forest management (logging versus no logging), traffic volume (road use intensity) and aggregate road length. We find that reductions in the economic value of the water purification/filtration service is more sensitive to traffic volume than other considerations but only when the road use is High, as the welfare effect in other cases is modest. Our analysis will be helpful to forest planners who must consider the trade-offs in forest management when timber harvesting can have harmful impacts on important ecosystem services, such as water purification/filtration.

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Assessing Impacts of Land Use/Land Cover Conversion on Changes in Ecosystem Services Value on the Loess Plateau, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12177128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 7128

Author(s):

Wei Jiang ◽

Bojie Fu ◽

Yihe Lü

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Land Cover ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Land Cover Changes ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Average Value ◽

Value Changes

The Loess Plateau is not only a critical region that suffers from ecological threats but also a valuable region that provides various fundamental ecosystem services, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services to about 8% of the Chinese population. The specific natural environment and extensive human activities have led to substantial land use/land cover changes between 1990 and 2015, such as the decrease in cropland with the increase in forests and grasslands due to the implementation of the Grain for Green Program since 2000 and the expansion of built-up areas with economic development and population growth. However, the effects of these changes on ecosystem service values have not yet been considered. In this study, the approach based on a combination of land use/land cover proxies and benefit transfer is applied to assess ecosystem service value changes resulting from land use/land cover changes in the 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2015 periods. The results reveal that the total value of ecosystem services has been reduced by $6.787 million from 1990 to 2000 and increased by $4.6 million from 2000 to 2015. The elasticity analysis shows that a 1% area conversion has induced average value changes of 1.03%, 0.38% and 0.05% in the three periods, respectively. Elasticity is developed as an indicator for locating unusual changes among different regions and identifying specific needs for ecosystem management.

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Evaluating the Influences of Urban Expansion on the Concurrent Loss of Multiple Ecosystem Services in Drylands

10.21203/rs.3.rs-632977/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shixiong Song ◽

Chunyang He ◽

Zhifeng Liu ◽

Tao Qi

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Air Quality ◽

Habitat Quality ◽

Food Production ◽

Water Retention ◽

Urban Expansion ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Land Planning ◽

Quality Regulation ◽

Expansion Model

Abstract Context Effectively estimating the influences of urban expansion on multiple ecosystem services (ESs) is of great importance for improving urban planning in drylands. However, there are some shortcomings in the existing urban expansion models, which lead to great uncertainties in the assessment of the influences of urban expansion on the concurrent loss of multiple ESs.Objectives This study sought to effectively estimate the influences of urban expansion on the concurrent loss of multiple ESs in drylands.Methods We combined the improved the urban expansion model and ES models to estimate the influences of urban expansion on five key ESs, including food production (FP), water retention (WR), air quality regulation (AQR), natural habitat quality (NHQ), and landscape aesthetic (LA).Results The results showed that (1) our method can effectively evaluate the influences of urban expansion on the concurrent loss of multiple ESs in drylands, and the accuracy increased by more than 20% on average. (2) Under the effect of future urban expansion, FP, WR, AQR, NHQ and LA will accelerate the decline. (3) These five ESs will show concurrent degradation, and the degree will be further intensified. (4) Future urban expansion will occupy more cropland and grassland which will be the dominating reason for the intensified degradation of multiple ESs. Conclusions We suggest that urban expansion through occupying a large amount of cropland and grassland should be strictly controlled via urban land planning to alleviate the potential influences of future urbanization on the concurrent loss of multiple ESs.

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Temporary Salt Lakes: Ecosystem Services Shift in a Ramsar Site Over a 50-Year Period

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.662107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Ioanna Ioannidou ◽

Paraskevi Manolaki ◽

Vassilis D. Litskas ◽

Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Land Cover ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Salt Lake ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Landscape Aesthetics ◽

Lulc Changes ◽

Climate Regulation ◽

Land Use Types

Changes in land use/land cover (LULC) are the key factors driving biodiversity and ecosystem services decline globally. This study examines spatiotemporal LULC changes in a Ramsar coastal temporary wetland (Larnaca Salt Lake) on the island of Cyprus between 1963 and 2015. LULC changes in the area are related to variations in the provision of ecosystem services (ES) namely food provision, climate regulation, avifauna support and landscape aesthetics. LULC mapping was performed based on the interpretation of aerial photos taken in 1963, while 2015 mapping was based on CORINE classification validated by satellite image analysis and fieldwork. We used the following indicators for the ES examined: (1) crops’ yield for the estimation of food supply, (2) carbon storage potential for climate regulation, (3) land cover potential to support avifauna richness and (4) naturalness as a proxy for landscape aesthetics. Quantifications were based on a mixed-methods approach with the use of statistical data, expert opinion and bibliography. Estimates for every service were assigned to CORINE land use classes (CLC) present in the area. Landscape structure was measured using a suite of commonly employed landscape metrics. The results showed that between 1963 and 2015 there has been a significant reduction in food provisioning service by 75%, a 37% reduction in carbon storage capacity, an 11% reduction in the capacity to support avifauna, and a 13% reduction in landscape aesthetics. Increased soil surface sealing, mainly with the construction of the international airport, which resulted in the conversion of natural or semi-natural to artificial surfaces, has been the main reason for the decrease in ES supply over the last fifty years in the study area. The character of the area in terms of land use types richness and diversity remains fairly stable but the dominant land use types have experienced fragmentation. The study sets the basis for a monitoring scheme to evaluate the state of the temporary wetlands with emphasis placed on spatial processes as a link to ES provision.

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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE MID-HILL FOREST OF WESTERN NEPAL: A CASE OF PANCHASE PROTECTED FOREST

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v23i1.22146 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

Ananta Ram Bhandari ◽

Udhab Raj Khadka ◽

Keshav Raj Kanel

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Local Level ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Climate Regulation ◽

Quality Regulation ◽

Landscape Integrity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Erosion Prevention

This paper identified ecosystem services of Panchase Protected Forest (PPF) in the mid-hills of western Nepal using the Economics of Ecosystem and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework. Transect walk, focus group discussion, key informants interview and expert’s consultation were used. This study revealed that PPF offered wide range of ecosystem services including provisioning, regulating habitat, and cultural and amenity services. Provisioning services offered by PPF included food (35 species), raw materials (22 species), energy (17 species), medicines (40 species), ornamental resources (3 species) and water resources. The forest was also a source of water for irrigation and domestic consumption. The regulating services offered by PPF included water flow regulation, erosion prevention, water purification, soil fertility maintenance, air quality regulation and climate regulation. PPF provided habitat for 589 species of flowering plants, 24 species of mammals and 262 species of birds maintaining life cycles and genetic diversity. By maintaining landscape integrity and heritages, PPF provided opportunities for recreation and tourism. A total of 3,600 tourists and 25,340 pilgrims visit PPF every year. The beneficiary of ecosystem services from PPF ranged from local level to sub-national, national and global levels.

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Spatial Correlations Don't Predict Changes in Agricultural Ecosystem Services: A Canada-Wide Case Study

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2020.539892 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew G. E. Mitchell ◽

Kai M. A. Chan ◽

Nathaniel K. Newlands ◽

Navin Ramankutty

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Air Quality ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

National Level ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Agricultural Landscapes ◽

Quality Regulation ◽

Regulating Services ◽

Service Change

Improving the management of multiple ecosystem services (e.g., food provision, water and air quality regulation, carbon storage, and erosion control) in agricultural landscapes is a critical challenge to improve food system sustainability. However, we currently lack spatially-resolved national-level assessments of the relationships among services in agricultural landscapes over time. This limits our ability to make decisions and predict how environmental changes or agricultural management actions will impact multiple services. How do multiple ecosystem services vary across both space and time, at regional-to-national scales? To address this question, we quantified eight indicators of four ecosystem services across 290 Canadian agricultural landscapes in 1996, 2001, and 2006. We observed consistent correlations between pairs of services across the 290 ecodistricts in each of the 3 years of our study. In particular, ecodistricts with high livestock production had low provision of most regulating services, while ecodistricts with high air quality (ammonia retention) also had high soil and water quality regulation services. However, these ‘snapshot’ correlations poorly predicted how pairs of services changed through time. Ecosystem service change from 1996–2001 to 2001–2006 (as measured by pairwise correlations) showed markedly different patterns than snapshot correlations. In particular, where livestock production increased between years, so did most regulating services. Ecosystem service bundles also showed similar divergent patterns. The distribution of ecosystem service “snapshot” bundles—sets of ecodistricts with similar levels of provision across multiple ecosystem services in a single year—was generally stable between 1996 and 2006; only 15% of ecodistricts changed bundle types in this time period. However, ecosystem service “change” bundles—sets of ecodistricts with similar changes in ecosystem service provision through time—were much more dynamic. Nearly 60% of ecodistricts exhibited a different set of ecosystem service changes from 2001 to 2006 compared to 1996 to 2001. Our results add to the growing evidence that relationships between services across space do not necessarily predict service change through time. Improved understanding of the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of ecosystem services, and better understanding of underlying processes, is crucial to improve agricultural landscape management for multifunctionality and sustainability.

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