scholarly journals La distribución tradicional del agua del río Turia entre las acequias de la Huerta de Valencia: Un sistema de origen bajomedieval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Esquilache
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Original System ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Wrong Interpretation

The water of the Turia river has been traditionally distributed in the Huerta of Valencia among eight irrigation canals through a system of 138 filas, a measure of water capacity which nature is not clear. It is also unknown what is the historical origin of this system of water division and this is what we study in this article. Thomas F. Glick defended that it was a system of Andalusi origin, and proposed a reconstruction of the original system based on time shifts, but we try to demonstrate that this proposal cannot be correct, especially because it is based on a wrong interpretation of the nature of the row. Subsequently, we provide an alternative proposal on the origin of the distribution system in 138 filas that is based on the proportionality between the amount of water that each irrigation canal has and the amount of land irrigated by each hydraulic system, concluding that the distribution system of the Huerta de Valencia can only have been established shortly after the Christian conquest of the thirteenth century, when the Huerta was greatly expanded and rebuilt. Finally, we conclude that this is another evidence of the great changes that took place in irrigated cultivation spaces of Andalusi origin after the Christian conquests, contrary to what had been said so far.

scholarly journals On Modeling and Constrained Model Predictive Control of Open Irrigation Canals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Cen ◽  
Ziqiang Wu ◽  
Xiaofang Chen ◽  
Yanggui Zou ◽  
Shaohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Optimal Control Algorithms ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Constrained Model ◽  
Constrained Model Predictive Control

This paper proposes a model predictive control of open irrigation canals with constraints. The Saint-Venant equations are widely used in hydraulics to model an open canal. As a set of hyperbolic partial differential equations, they are not solved explicitly and difficult to design optimal control algorithms. In this work, a prediction model of an open canal is developed by discretizing the Saint-Venant equations in both space and time. Based on the prediction model, a constrained model predictive control was firstly investigated for the case of one single-pool canal and then generalized to the case of a cascaded canal with multipools. The hydraulic software SICC was used to simulate the canal and test the algorithms with application to a real-world irrigation canal of Yehe irrigation area located in Hebei province.

scholarly journals Justification of the Kinematic Diagrams for the Distribution System of a Planetary Hydraulic Motor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.3) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Voloshina ◽  
Anatolii Panchenko ◽  
Oleg Boltynskiy ◽  
Igor Panchenko ◽  
Olena Titova
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Hydraulic Motors ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Kinematic Diagram ◽  
The Impact

The output characteristics of a planetary (orbital) hydraulic motor could be significantly improved if the kinematic diagrams for its working fluid distribution system are chosen correctly and substantiated. Fluctuations in the flow of the power fluid cause pulsation in the cavity of the input pressure of the hydraulic motor. This results to vibration of the hydraulic system elements. Thus, the hydraulic motor can be considered as a source of pulsation which leads to functional failures of the hydraulic system. As they run at low rotational speeds with high torque, planetary hydraulic motors are commonly applied for a hydraulic drive in active working tools of self-propelled machinery. It has been established that one of the main components of a planetary hydraulic motor, which causes pressure pulsations, is its distribution system. The frequency and amplitude of these pulsations depends on the kinematic diagram for the distribution system of the power fluid. Therefore, we studied how the kinematic diagram for the distribution system effects on the output characteristics of a planetary motor. Since the change in the capacity of a distribution system with various kinematic diagrams influences on the output characteristics of a planetary motor, the impact was investigated. The kinematic diagrams, which improve the output characteristics of planetary hydraulic motors, were justified. 

scholarly journals Human Contamination and Schistosome Infection Intensity in Bulinid and Planorbid Snail Vectors in Kadawa Irrigation Area, Kano State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M. U. Ali ◽  
U. A. Umar ◽  
A. Yahaya ◽  
M. Lawal ◽  
M. S. Danhassan
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Contamination

Objectives of the Study: An Epidemiological Research, a cross-sectional study, was conducted to determine the magnitude of human contamination of irrigation canal perimeter as it relates to the prevalence and intensity of schistosome cercarial infection in snail vectors. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted along water canal located within an irrigation area, Kano River Project Phase I, Kadawa, between January and June, 2012. Methodology: The study area was categorized into Zone of Heavy Contamination (ZHC), Zone of Light Contamination (ZLC) and Zone of Free Contamination (ZFC) based on the density of faecal lumps observed along the canal perimeter using 1 m2 quadrat sampling technique. Snail vectors of schistosomiasis were collected from these zones, identified and subjected to cercarial shedding. Brevifurcate apharyngeate cercariae were identified as schistosome cercariae. Results: Of the 827 snails collected 28.54% shed schistosome cercariae. The breakdown of infection prevalence was 31.37%, 27.69% and 26.26% for ZHC, ZLC and ZFC respectively. Three snail species recovered in the study area, Bulinus globosus, B. rohlfsi and Biomphalaria pfeifferi had infection intensity of 8.6, 5.67 and 3.94 respectively, with total mean intensity of 4.67. A Chi-squared analysis did not show any significant difference in infection prevalence in the three zones (χ2cal. 0.025, χ22, 0.05 = 5.99). However, infection intensity was significantly different in the three zones and among the three snail species using analysis of variance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Human environmental contamination with faeces and urine around irrigation canals remains the source of infection to snail hosts and then to humans. It is presumed that contact control through avoidance of defaecation in the open and building of pit latrines near water contact points along irrigation canals will be effective means of drawing a barrier to infection with schistosomes in the study area.

scholarly journals The Entrainment and Screening of Returning and Postspawning Adult Salmonids at Irrigation Canals of the Umatilla River, Oregon

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
William G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Passive Integrated Transponders ◽  
Direction Of Movement

Abstract Anadromous salmonids can be vulnerable to entrainment at diversion intake structures on streams, effectively trapping fish in irrigation canals and removing them from a population. Currently little is known about how the differences in timing and direction of movement among adult salmonids contribute to their risk of entrainment and how successful they are at escaping irrigation canals. Potential routes of escape include passing against water currents and through the headgate of an irrigation canal intake or by navigating through screen and bypass infrastructure primarily designed to return juvenile fish to a stream. In this study, passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) were used to track the movement of adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (n = 573), Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (n = 39), and anadromous Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (steelhead, n = 853) as they entered areas of the Umatilla River basin (Oregon) with irrigation canals and as they attempted to escape irrigation canals after entrainment. Although adult steelhead and spring Chinook Salmon often encountered diversions at similar times, the vast majority of entrained adults were steelhead (94%). Between 2% and 8% of adult steelhead observed entering the area were entrained. The entrainment of steelhead was strongly associated with downstream movements and Umatilla River discharge below 40 m3/s. Many downstream-moving steelhead were postspawning fish (kelts). As a result, vulnerability of anadromous adults to entrainment differed by species due to the direction of their movements and how these movements coincide with canal operations and river flows. It is unlikely that the screened irrigation canals acted as an ecological sink; the majority of adult salmonids approached the screen and bypass infrastructure (≥88%) and later river detection confirmed that many had used that infrastructure to return to the river (≥47%). However, half of steelhead appeared to experience bypass delays at fish screens. Adult steelhead that approached the canal headgate after becoming trapped in the canal did not successfully return to the Umatilla River using this route. Unscreened irrigation canals elsewhere may disproportionally trap downstream-moving steelhead, like postspawning kelts, due to their propensity for entrainment and their difficulties escaping through the water intakes of irrigation canals. In streams with anadromous salmonids, fish screen and bypass infrastructure primarily designed to eliminate the permanent entrainment of juvenile fish can also prevent the removal of adult fish that may reproductively contribute to the population.

scholarly journals Some Biological Observations on Rearing Juveniles of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Fixed Cages at Gezira Irrigation Canals, Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sana Yagoub Abdallah Tahir ◽  
Abdalla Gadain Alnaiem ◽  
Egbal Osman Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water

This study was conducted at Gezira Irrigation canal to evaluate the growth performance and the effect of water tempetrature to the culture ability of Nile tilapia juveniles for 120 days. Monosex Oreochromis niloticus sized 8.17±0.33 g were carried out from Mabroka fish farm and stocked in 400 m³ fixed cages at a density of 50 fish/m³. Fish were fed daily with a commercial pellet diet with 33% protein concentration at a feeding rate of 3% of their body weight per day. Feed was given twice a day (09:00 morning and 16:00 evening). Fish growth parameters, water quality analysis have measured every two weeks. The final body weight of fish was 40.23±1.04 grams and the mean daily gained weight was 0.29 g/day, while the survival rate of fish was 99.7%±6.7 and the Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) was 3.8. The average value of temperature, pH and transparency were 23°C, 7.5, 31.5 cm respectively. The results of the study revealed that there is a possibility to culture tilapia juvenile at stocking density of 50/m³ in fixed cages in Irrigation Canals, for the effect of water temperature on fish growth performance the results obtained that no more effect on fish growth during study period.

scholarly journals A Lattice Boltzmann Model to Study Sedimentation Phenomena in Irrigation Canals

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Marcou ◽  
Bastien Chopard ◽  
Samira El Yacoubi ◽  
Boussad Hamroun ◽  
Laurent Lefèvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Model ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Gate Opening ◽  
Experimental Validations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Boltzmann Model

AbstractFresh water is one of the most significant resources for human activities and survival, and irrigation is among the most important uses of water. The sustainibility and performance of irrigation canals can be greatly affected by sediment transport and deposition. In our previous works, we proposed a Lattice Boltzmann model for simulating a free surface flow in an irrigation canal, as an alternative to more traditional models mainly based on shallow water equations. Here we introduce the sedimentation phenomenon into our model by adding a new algorithm, based on the earlier work by B. Chopard, A. Dupuis and A. Masselot [9,11,12,27]. Transport, erosion, deposition and toppling of sediments are taken into account and enable the global sedimentation algorithm to simulate different transport modes such as bed load and suspended load. In the present work, we study both the behaviour of a sediment deposit located at an underflow submerged gate (depending on the gate opening and the flow discharge) and the influence of the presence of such a deposit on the flow. Both numerical and experimental validations have been performed. The experiments were realized on the micro-canal of the LCIS laboratory at Valence, France. The comparisons between simulations and experiments give good qualitative agreement.

scholarly journals GoRoSoBo simplified: an accurate feedback control algorithm in real time for irrigation canals

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-961
Author(s):  
Enrique Bonet ◽  
Manuel Gómez ◽  
M. T. Yubero ◽  
J. Fernández-Francos
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Control Diagram

Abstract An irrigation canal is a hydraulic system whose main objective is to convey water from a source (dam, river) to different users. Such systems can be very large (several tens or hundreds of kilometers), characterized by time delays and non-linear dynamics, strong unknown perturbations and interactions among subsystems. In order to fulfill the requirements of canal users, the water manager must control all water deliveries during the irrigation cycle (or irrigation program) calculating the gate positions of the canal according to the water demands in real time. Initially, our overall control diagram in real time is mainly represented by two algorithms, the canal survey estimation algorithm (this algorithm estimates the water level and velocity along the irrigation canal during a past time horizon) and GoRoSoBo algorithm (feedback control algorithm operating in real time). Regarding long canals with several gates and pumps operating in a short period of time for a long predictive horizon, the initial version of GoRoSoBo algorithms would spend too much time calculating the canal gate position in real time. This is the reason why we have upgraded the code of the GoRoSoBo algorithm, saving in computational time around 85%, in order to operate in real time.

scholarly journals Carnivores cross irrigation canals more often through overpasses than through culverts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Azedo ◽  
Ana Ilheu ◽  
Sara Santos ◽  
Pedro Goncalves Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
South Central ◽  
Large Irrigation

As rainfall becomes scarcer or more erratic, we rely more on irrigation systems for water provision. Impacts of irrigation canals such as the barrier effect on wildlife movements are poorly documented. Although canal culverts and overpasses can be used by wildlife, little is known about their crossing patterns to guide barrier effect mitigation efforts. Over 7 years, we recorded medium-sized carnivore crossings by video-surveillance through 30 culverts and 28 overpasses in a large irrigation project in south-central Portugal. We examined the influence of the structures' features and landscape context on the likelihood of canal crossing. Culvert crossings were positively influenced by the proportion of nearby montado, a high nature value farming system. Overpass crossings were more likely in areas away from paved roads and with more nearby wetlands. Overpasses increased the crossing rates by about 11 % relative to culverts and both were crossed more often in landscapes with evenly distributed land uses. In the project area, 20% of the montado has recently transitioned to irrigated agriculture, and wetlands have increased by 43%. It is therefore plausible that the increase in the crossing rate of overpasses relative to culverts will be accentuated. Our study produced the first evidence of a contrast in crossing rates among irrigation canal crossing structures. We have shown that the landscape can be a driver of animal crossings but irrigation projects can in turn be transformative of the landscape. Broadly, the fact that the deployment of irrigation canals may favor some land uses over others creates a conundrum that needs careful consideration when planning barrier effect mitigation interventions.

Research on the Improvement of MPS Coal Mill Loading Hydraulic System

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hai Su ◽  
Li Xuan Ding ◽  
Bing Ru Feng ◽  
Wu Xi
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Original System ◽  
Electronic Technology ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Loading System

This article introduces the design features of original loading mode of MPS coal mill and proposes that using technology of electro-hydraulic proportional to improve the loading mode. The original loading mode exists many defects. The improvement combines the hydraulic loading system with electronic technology so that the deficiencies of original system are solved and the automatic degree of coal mill loading mode is improved.

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