Polymeric Membranes for Water Purification and Gas Separation

Various organic and synthetic polymers are important materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and the separation of gases. The book discusses various types of membranes for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis etc. A number of nanomaterials are available for the modification of polymeric membranes.

Professor A.P. Merkulov’ role in the process of research and development of the vortex effect

The article is prepared for the centenary of the birth of Alexander Petrovich Merkulov. The stages of creating the theoretical basis of the vortex effect of energy separation of gases (the hypothesis of vortex interaction), and the creation and implementation of vortex devices based on the use of the vortex effect for aviation and medicine are considered. The role of Professor A.P. Merkulov in the study of characteristic features of the energy separation process in vortex tubes and practical application of the vortex effect in the USSR is shown. The works of ONIL-9 (KuAI-SGAU) headed by Alexander Petrovich Merkulov ensured the leading position of the Soviet school of thought in the field of vortex effect. These works contributed to the formation of modern understanding of the vortex effect and the successful beginning of industrial application of vortex apparatuses.

Simulating age of air and the distribution of SF₆ in the stratosphere with the SILAM model

The paper presents a comparative study of age of air (AoA) derived from several approaches: a widely used passive-tracer accumulation method, the SF6 accumulation, and a direct calculation of an ideal-age tracer. The simulations were performed with the Eulerian chemistry transport model SILAM driven with the ERA-Interim reanalysis for 1980–2018. The Eulerian environment allowed for simultaneous application of several approaches within the same simulation and interpretation of the obtained differences. A series of sensitivity simulations revealed the role of the vertical profile of turbulent diffusion in the stratosphere, destruction of SF6 in the mesosphere, and the effect of gravitational separation of gases with strongly different molar masses. The simulations reproduced well the main features of the SF6 distribution in the atmosphere observed by the MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) satellite instrument. It was shown that the apparent very old air in the upper stratosphere derived from the SF6 profile observations is a result of destruction and gravitational separation of this gas in the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere. These processes make the apparent SF6 AoA in the stratosphere several years older than the ideal-age AoA, which, according to our calculations, does not exceed 6–6.5 years. The destruction of SF6 and the varying rate of emission make SF6 unsuitable for reliably deriving AoA or its trends. However, observations of SF6 provide a very useful dataset for validation of the stratospheric circulation in a model with the properly implemented SF6 loss.

Advanced Process Control to Minimize Disturbance in Gas Processing Facility (GPF)

For the gas treatment process, the process that occurs is separating the gas from the components of H2S, CO2, and H2O. The separation of gases from these components uses the aid of Amine fluid and TEG fluid. The unit that important in this process are Amine and TEG Contactor. To be able to separate the three components from the gas, the mass flow rate of Amine and TEG must be controlled so that the processing can work optimally. In reality in the field, the input of this process from the well is not always steady. So, this condition becomes a disturbance from the control process. The solution to minimize the disturbance of process with Advanced Process Control (APC). Therefore, this research will design APC on Amine and TEG Contactor to improve the stability of the mass flow response of Amine and TEG. In designing APC, the plant model is required first. Plant modelling obtained with software HYSYS and validated with MATLAB. The result shows the RMSE value below 5 %. The result proved to be able to make the process more stable from before design proven by slurries settling time, steadystate errors and maximum overshoot.

High-throughput screening of metal–organic frameworks for kinetic separation of propane and propene

We report the first screening workflow that identifies flexible porous materials suitable for kinetic separation of gases.

Simulating age of air and distribution of SF₆ in the stratosphere with SILAM model

The paper presents a comparative study of age of air (AoA) derived with several approaches: a widely used passive tracer accumulation method, the SF6 accumulation, and a direct calculation of an "ideal age" tracer. The simulations have been performed with the Eulerian chemistry transport model SILAM driven with the ERA-Interim reanalysis for 1980–2018. The Eulerian environment allowed for simultaneous application of several approaches within the same simulation, and interpretation of the obtained differences. A series of sensitivity simulations revealed the role of the vertical profile of turbulent diffusion in the stratosphere, destruction of SF6 in the mesosphere, as well as the effect of gravitational separation of gases with strongly different molar masses. The simulations reproduced well the main features of the SF6 distribution in the atmosphere retrieved from the MIPAS satellite instrument. It was shown that the apparent very old air in the upper stratosphere derived from the SF6 profile observations is a result of destruction and gravitational separation of this gas in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. The effect of these processes add over 4 years to the actual AoA, which, according to our calculations, does not exceed 6–6.5 years. The destruction of SF6 and varying rate of emission make it unsuitable to reliably derive AoA or its trends. However, observations of SF6 provide a very useful means for validation of stratospheric circulation in a model with properly implemented SF6 loss.

Progress and perspectives in high-purity substance production for semiconductor industry

In the last decade, novel approaches for post-synthesis processes of separation and high purification of gases are gaining larger acceptance in industry. The market is competing with consolidated operations such as cryogenic distillation. The key for new approaches of distillation, membranes and crystallization in challenging and harsh environments is the development of new tough, high-performance materials that are characterized by higher energy efficiency compared with conventional cryogenic distillation. This review highlights the most promising fields of research in high purification and separation of gases by considering the elevated pressure and thermal distillations, membrane cascades, purification in synthesis by use of catalytic technologies, crystallization and hydride methods based on them.