scholarly journals The Anaesthesia Machine: Questioning a Design Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bernard Guy
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Aesthetic Judgement ◽  
Anaesthesia Machine ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Past

<p>An underlying fear for many in using new digital systems is not the 'digital' but the struggle to trust and see reality; this may represent the loss of an art or aesthetic judgement, over an empirical measurement.(1) Why do we have what we have - and what could we have? Since the acceptance of the "Boyle's" configuration as a design standard, the evolution of anaesthesia equipment has predominantly remained tethered to this design icon.(2) Increasingly governed by historical habits and industrial ideologies, significant gains in technology have denied anaesthetists ergonomic advantage, due in part, to a design stagnation of physical composition. In doing so, it has become a legend of origin and a convention of machine use, a situation that is traced back to the evolution of rag and bottle, portable inhaler, and the asymmetric layout of anaesthetic apparatus. One of the key difficulties or questions for design is how to implement new technologies to retain and strengthen the established product-person trust.(3) The past reveals two methods; first the traditional addition of technology to historical brands and established formats; and second, the innovative embodiment of task and technology in a search for better systems.(4) Within the evolution of the anaesthesia machine, design methodologies have colluded to satisfy safety, ignoring a profession's habits, resulting in a complex lamination of engineering (technology), interaction (ergonomics) and aesthetics (path dependence and manufactured style). The application of new digital technology demands a physical design response that can satisfy clinician needs, patient safety and the commercial goals of industry in balancing technology and safety to clinical outputs and user satisfaction.(5) The study presents an informative and investigative methodology to construct a proactive design base, cumulating in active involvement, an informed critical analysis and a prospective methodological vision. The concluding experiment focuses on information and ideals from anaesthetists, to firstly test the established composition; secondly to inform us of how anaesthetists envisage their equipment; and thirdly, how simulation and industrial design may partner in unlocking the transfer of creative knowledge. In applying this partnership as a strategic design confidant, a new understanding of design process and concomitant design within an elite profession is established. Altogether this thesis seeks to explore the anaesthesia machine, to investigate the past, create closer relationships with anaesthetists and act together prospectively towards questioning the established. It may be 'it is not a solution we are looking for but the right way (or process) to ask the questions’ to manifest a new answer. (1) B Guy, "The anaesthesia machine: questioning a design evolution" (Thesis., Victoria University of Wellington, 2010), vii (2) K Bryn Thomas, The development of anaesthetic apparatus ( London UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1975), viii (3) M B. Weinger, "Anesthesia equipment and human error," Journal Clinical Monitoring and Computing 15 (Jul 1999): 319-323. (4) O M. Watt, "The evolution of the Boyle apparatus, 1917-67," Anaesthesia 23 (1968): 103-118. ; G Boquet. J A. Bushman. H T. Davenport, "The anaesthesia machine: a study of function and design," British Journal of Anaesthesia 52 (1980): 61-67. ; Jeffrey B. Cooper. Ronald S. Newbower. Jeffrey W. Moore. Edwin D. Trautman, "A new anesthesia delivery system," Anesthesiology Vol 49 No 5 (1978): 310-318. (5) B Moggridge, Designing interactions (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007), 579.</p>

scholarly journals The Anaesthesia Machine: Questioning a Design Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bernard Guy
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Aesthetic Judgement ◽  
Anaesthesia Machine ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The Past

<p>An underlying fear for many in using new digital systems is not the 'digital' but the struggle to trust and see reality; this may represent the loss of an art or aesthetic judgement, over an empirical measurement.(1) Why do we have what we have - and what could we have? Since the acceptance of the "Boyle's" configuration as a design standard, the evolution of anaesthesia equipment has predominantly remained tethered to this design icon.(2) Increasingly governed by historical habits and industrial ideologies, significant gains in technology have denied anaesthetists ergonomic advantage, due in part, to a design stagnation of physical composition. In doing so, it has become a legend of origin and a convention of machine use, a situation that is traced back to the evolution of rag and bottle, portable inhaler, and the asymmetric layout of anaesthetic apparatus. One of the key difficulties or questions for design is how to implement new technologies to retain and strengthen the established product-person trust.(3) The past reveals two methods; first the traditional addition of technology to historical brands and established formats; and second, the innovative embodiment of task and technology in a search for better systems.(4) Within the evolution of the anaesthesia machine, design methodologies have colluded to satisfy safety, ignoring a profession's habits, resulting in a complex lamination of engineering (technology), interaction (ergonomics) and aesthetics (path dependence and manufactured style). The application of new digital technology demands a physical design response that can satisfy clinician needs, patient safety and the commercial goals of industry in balancing technology and safety to clinical outputs and user satisfaction.(5) The study presents an informative and investigative methodology to construct a proactive design base, cumulating in active involvement, an informed critical analysis and a prospective methodological vision. The concluding experiment focuses on information and ideals from anaesthetists, to firstly test the established composition; secondly to inform us of how anaesthetists envisage their equipment; and thirdly, how simulation and industrial design may partner in unlocking the transfer of creative knowledge. In applying this partnership as a strategic design confidant, a new understanding of design process and concomitant design within an elite profession is established. Altogether this thesis seeks to explore the anaesthesia machine, to investigate the past, create closer relationships with anaesthetists and act together prospectively towards questioning the established. It may be 'it is not a solution we are looking for but the right way (or process) to ask the questions’ to manifest a new answer. (1) B Guy, "The anaesthesia machine: questioning a design evolution" (Thesis., Victoria University of Wellington, 2010), vii (2) K Bryn Thomas, The development of anaesthetic apparatus ( London UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1975), viii (3) M B. Weinger, "Anesthesia equipment and human error," Journal Clinical Monitoring and Computing 15 (Jul 1999): 319-323. (4) O M. Watt, "The evolution of the Boyle apparatus, 1917-67," Anaesthesia 23 (1968): 103-118. ; G Boquet. J A. Bushman. H T. Davenport, "The anaesthesia machine: a study of function and design," British Journal of Anaesthesia 52 (1980): 61-67. ; Jeffrey B. Cooper. Ronald S. Newbower. Jeffrey W. Moore. Edwin D. Trautman, "A new anesthesia delivery system," Anesthesiology Vol 49 No 5 (1978): 310-318. (5) B Moggridge, Designing interactions (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007), 579.</p>

scholarly journals Innovation and New Technologies in Spine Surgery, Circa 2020: A Fifty-Year Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bryan Cornwall ◽  
Andrea Davis ◽  
William R. Walsh ◽  
Ralph J. Mobbs ◽  
Alexander Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Innovation ◽  
Improve Patient

Spine surgery (lumbar, cervical, deformity, and entire spine) has increased in volume and improved in outcomes over the past 50 years because of innovations in surgical techniques and introduction of new technologies to improve patient care. Innovation is described as a process to add value or create change in an enterprise's economic or social potential. This mini review will assess two of three assessments of innovation in spine surgery: scientific publications and patents issued. The review of both scientific publications and issued patents is a unique assessment. The third assessment of innovation: regulatory clearances of medical devices and equipment for spine surgery and their evolution over time, will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Coronavirus Outbreaks on Science and Society: Insights from Temporal Bibliometry of SARS and COVID-19

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Ramya Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Prasad ◽  
Suresh Babu ◽  
Gitanjali Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Published Data ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Global Events ◽  
One Year ◽  
Personal Devices ◽  
Share Information

A global event such as the COVID-19 crisis presents new, often unexpected responses that are fascinating to investigate from both scientific and social standpoints. Despite several documented similarities, the coronavirus pandemic is clearly distinct from the 1918 flu pandemic in terms of our exponentially increased, almost instantaneous ability to access/share information, offering an unprecedented opportunity to visualise rippling effects of global events across space and time. Personal devices provide “big data” on people’s movement, the environment and economic trends, while access to the unprecedented flurry in scientific publications and media posts provides a measure of the response of the educated world to the crisis. Most bibliometric (co-authorship, co-citation, or bibliographic coupling) analyses ignore the time dimension, but COVID-19 has made it possible to perform a detailed temporal investigation into the pandemic. Here, we report a comprehensive network analysis based on more than 20,000 published documents on viral epidemics, authored by over 75,000 individuals from 140 nations in the past one year of the crisis. Unlike the 1918 flu pandemic, access to published data over the past two decades enabled a comparison of publishing trends between the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and those of the 2003 SARS epidemic to study changes in thematic foci and societal pressures dictating research over the course of a crisis.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Advances in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Jinsha Liu ◽  
Priyanka Pandya ◽  
Sepideh Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Targets

Around 77 new oncology drugs were approved by the FDA in the past five years; however, most cancers remain untreated. Small molecules and antibodies are dominant therapeutic modalities in oncology. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, peptides, cell, and gene-therapies are emerging to address the unmet patient need. Advancement in the discovery and development platforms, identification of novel targets, and emergence of new technologies have greatly expanded the treatment options for patients. Here, we provide an overview of various therapeutic modalities and the current treatment options in oncology, and an in-depth discussion of the therapeutics in the preclinical stage for the treatment of breast cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma.

The Future of the Planetary Trust in a Kaleidoscopic World

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Brown Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Shared Goal

Today, it is evident that we are part of a planetary trust. Conserving our planet represents a public good, global as well as local. The threats to future generations resulting from human activities make applying the normative framework of a planetary trust even more urgent than in the past decades. Initially, the planetary trust focused primarily on threats to the natural system of our human environment such as pollution and natural resource degradation, and on threats to cultural heritage. Now, we face a higher threat of nuclear war, cyber wars, and threats from gene drivers that can cause inheritable changes to genes, potential threats from other new technologies such as artificial intelligence, and possible pandemics. In this context, it is proposed that in the kaleidoscopic world, we must engage all the actors to cooperate with the shared goal of caring for and maintaining planet Earth in trust for present and future generations.

Experiences of Knowledge Transfer on Industrial Heritage Using Games, Storytelling, and New Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Andrés López ◽  
David Checa Cruz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Value

The industry has a relevant spatial and socioeconomic importance in most of the Spanish cities and nowadays is one of the main urban economic activities. However, in many situations, and despite recent advances in the past two decades, industrial heritage is a value that is still not sufficiently widespread in society. The factories, their activity, and their historical evolution are often disconnected and isolated from the daily life of the cities, being quite an unknown aspect for most of the citizens. This contribution presents the result of various experiences of knowledge transmission on the heritage value of industry, through the use of games and storytelling technique as an educational tool and the combination of different technologies (3D modelling, videomapping, virtual reality) as useful tools to spread the explanation of this phenomenon.

New technologies and new policies: the ICRC's evolving approach to working with separated families

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (888) ◽  
pp. 1455-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Dubois ◽  
Katharine Marshall ◽  
Siobhan Sparkes McNamara
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Humanitarian Work ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe field of humanitarian action is far from static, and the ICRC has worked over the years to evolve and respond to changing needs and changing circumstances. The past several decades have seen a proliferation of humanitarian actors, protracted, complex conflicts, and the rapid rise of new technologies that have significantly impacted how humanitarian work is done. The ICRC has been continually challenged to adapt in this changing environment, and its core work of supporting separated families – through restoration of family links and through support to the families of the missing – provides insight into ways that it has met this challenge and areas in which it may still seek to improve.

BIG DATA PROCESSING IN THE DIGITALIZATION OF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
G.T. Balakayeva ◽  
◽  
D.K. Darkenbayev ◽  
M. Turdaliyev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Past

The growth rate of these enterprises has increased significantly in the last decade. Research has shown that over the past two decades, the amount of data has increased approximately tenfold every two years - this exceeded Moore's Law, which doubles the power of processors. About thirty thousand gigabytes of data are accumulated every second, and their processing requires an increase in the efficiency of data processing. Uploading videos, photos and letters from users on social networks leads to the accumulation of a large amount of data, including unstructured ones. This leads to the need for enterprises to work with big data of different formats, which must be prepared in a certain way for further work in order to obtain the results of modeling and calculations. In connection with the above, the research carried out in the article on processing and storing large data of an enterprise, developing a model and algorithms, as well as using new technologies is relevant. Undoubtedly, every year the information flows of enterprises will increase and in this regard, it is important to solve the issues of storing and processing large amounts of data. The relevance of the article is due to the growing digitalization, the increasing transition to professional activities online in many areas of modern society. The article provides a detailed analysis and research of these new technologies.

scholarly journals In defence of machine learning: Debunking the myths of artificial intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance de Saint Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Media

There has been much hype, over the past few years, about the recent progress of artificial intelligence (AI), especially through machine learning. If one is to believe many of the headlines that have proliferated in the media, as well as in an increasing number of scientific publications, it would seem that AI is now capable of creating and learning in ways that are starting to resemble what humans can do. And so that we should start to hope – or fear – that the creation of fully cognisant machine might be something we will witness in our life time. However, much of these beliefs are based on deep misconceptions about what AI can do, and how. In this paper, I start with a brief introduction to the principles of AI, machine learning, and neural networks, primarily intended for psychologists and social scientists, who often have much to contribute to the debates surrounding AI but lack a clear understanding of what it can currently do and how it works. I then debunk four common myths associated with AI: 1) it can create, 2) it can learn, 3) it is neutral and objective, and 4) it can solve ethically and/or culturally sensitive problems. In a third and last section, I argue that these misconceptions represent four main dangers: 1) avoiding debate, 2) naturalising our biases, 3) deresponsibilising creators and users, and 4) missing out some of the potential uses of machine learning. I finally conclude on the potential benefits of using machine learning in research, and thus on the need to defend machine learning without romanticising what it can actually do.

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