Descriptive Study on Liver Cancer among Alcohol consumer and Smokers

Liver cancer is one of the significant cancer types affecting the human population taking their lives. The study aimed to analyze the situation of liver cancer among alcohol consumers and smokers together, and it was conducted in BPKMCH, Chitwan. The data was collected from the year 2009 to 2013 AD. Randomly selected 160 cancer cases and analyzed the data. The finding suggested that most of the liver cancer patients drank alcohol and smoking cigarettes. The study indicated that there is still a need to investigate further the role of alcohol and smoking in the cancer genesis among them.

Overweight and Obesity Prevalence and Predictors in People Living in Karachi

Objective: This study was aimed to establish the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related its factors among the citizens of Karachi. Methodology: From Jan 2018 to August 2018. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted to obtain information from 772 persons using a validated questionnaire and traditional height and weight evaluation methods have been used. Overweight and obesity were described by South Asian cut-off points as 23 ≥ BMI (Normal), 25.0 - 29.9 BMI (Overweight) and 30 ≤ BMI (Obese) respectively. For data processing, version 21.0 of SPSS was used. Results: In this sample study men was 44.5% and women was 55.5%.Age group 20-39 was the most numerous group which was 55.70%. Among Overweight and obesity were found to be higher in men than in women. About 23.3% of the people were smokers, 1.42% was alcohol consumer, while 20.3% had vegetarian diet, 55.8% had semi-vegetarian diet, and 23.8% had non-vegetarian diet. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals with co-morbidities is 33.96 %, p=0.000. There were 38.5% of people who performed physical activity for at least 30 minutes every day. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity prevalence was found to be high among Karachi individuals, particularly in men than in women. The predictors of obesity were sedentary lifestyle, including diet and lack of physical exercise, smoking, alcohol intake, and presence of co-morbidities. Preventive steps to avoid overweight and obesity may be recommended for people.

Longitudinal study based on a safety registry for malaria patients treated with artenimol–piperaquine in six European countries

Background European travellers to endemic countries are at risk of malaria and may be affected by a different range of co-morbidities than natives of endemic regions. The safety profile, especially cardiac issues, of artenimol (previously dihydroartemisinin)–piperaquine (APQ) Eurartesim® during treatment of uncomplicated imported falciparum malaria is not adequately described due to the lack of longitudinal studies in this population. The present study was conducted to partially fill this gap. Methods Participants were recruited through Health Care Provider’s safety registry in 15 centres across 6 European countries in the period 2013–2016. Adverse events (AE) were collected, with a special focus on cardiovascular safety by including electrocardiogram QT intervals evaluated after correction with either Bazett’s (QTcB) or Fridericia’s (QTcF) methods, at baseline and after treatment. QTcB and/or QTcF prolongation were defined by a value > 450 ms for males and children and > 470 ms for females. Results Among 294 participants, 30.3% were women, 13.7% of Caucasian origin, 13.5% were current smoker, 13.6% current alcohol consumer and 42.2% declared at least one illness history. The mean (SD) age and body mass index were 39.8 years old (13.2) and 25.9 kg/m2 (4.7). Among them, 75 reported a total of 129 AE (27 serious), 46 being suspected to be related to APQ (11 serious) and mostly labelled as due to haematological, gastrointestinal, or infection. Women and Non-African participants had significantly (p < 0.05) more AEs. Among AEs, 21 were due to cardiotoxicity (7.1%), mostly QT prolongation, while 6 were due to neurotoxicity (2.0%), mostly dizziness. Using QTcF correction, QT prolongation was observed in 17/143 participants (11.9%), only 2 of them reporting QTcF > 500 ms (milliseconds) but no clinical symptoms. Using QTcB correction increases of > 60 ms were present in 9 participants (6.3%). A trend towards increased prolongation was observed in those over 65 years of age but only a few subjects were in this group. No new safety signal was reported. The overall efficacy rate was 255/257 (99.2%). Conclusions APQ appears as an effective and well-tolerated drug for treatment of malaria in patients recruited in European countries. AEs and QT prolongation were in the range of those obtained in larger cohorts from endemic countries. Trial registration This study has been registered in EU Post-Authorization Studies Register as EUPAS6942

DESCRIPTION OF BILIRUBIN CONDITION CHECKING ON ALCOHOL CONSUMER IN EAST POHUWATO VILLAGE, POHUWATO DISTRICT

Based on 2014 WHO data, 61.7% of the world's population has consumed alcohol for more than 12 months which has caused around 3.3 million deaths or 5.9% of all deaths worldwide. For the 2018 RISKESDAS data in Indonesia, the first highest alcohol consumption area is North Sulawesi 16%, followed by East Nusa Tenggara 15.6, then Bali area 14%, and for Gorontalo area 11.3%. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of bilirubin levels in alcohol consumers in Pohuwato Timur Village, Pohuwato Regency including the length of time of consumption, age, types of drinks frequently consumed, frequency of alcohol consumption, and frequency of the amount of alcohol in one drink. This research uses descriptive research which is quantitative in nature. The population in the study was 55 samples with a sample size of 36 respondents who used the sampling technique, namely simple random sampling. The results showed that of the 36 respondents where the normal bilirubin levels were 14 respondents or if the percentage was 39%, while for the abnormal or high bilirubin levels there were 22 respondents or if the percentage was 61%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the results of the examination of bilirubin levels in alcohol consumers in Pohuwato Timur Village, Pohuwato Regency are more dominant with abnormal or high levels compared to normal bilirubin levels.

Longitudinal Study Based on a Safety Registry for Malaria Patients Treated With Artenimol-Piperaquine in Six European Countries

BackgroundEuropean travelers are exposed to imported malaria and may be affected by co-existing morbidities. In this context, the safety profile, especially cardiac issues, of artenimol (previously dihydroartemisinin)-piperaquine (APQ) Eurartesim® during treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria is not adequately described due to the lack of longitudinal studies in this population. The present study was conducted to partially fill this gap.MethodsParticipants were recruited through Health Care Provider’s Safety Registry in 15 centers across 6 European countries in the period 2013-2016. Adverse Events (AE) were collected, with a special focus on cardiovascular safety by including electrocardiogram QT intervals evaluated after correction with either Bazett’s (QTcB) or Fridericia’s (QTcF) methods, at baseline and after treatment. QTcB and/or QTcF prolongation were defined by a value > 450 ms for males and children and > 470 ms for females.ResultsAmong 294 participants, 30.3% were women, 13.7% of Caucasian origin, 13.5% were current smoker, 13.6% current alcohol consumer and 42.2% declared at least one illness history. The mean (SD) age and body mass index were 39.8 years old (13.2) and 25.9 kg/m² (4.7).Among them, 75 reported a total of 129 AE (27 serious), 46 being suspected to be related to APQ (11 serious) and mostly labelled as due to haematological, gastrointestinal, or infection.. Women and Non-African participants had significantly (p<0.05) more AEs.Among AEs, 21 were due to cardiotoxicity (7.1%), mostly QT prolongation, while 6 were due to neurotoxicity (2.0%), mostly dizziness. Using QTcF correction, QT prolongation was observed in 17/143 participants (11.9%), only 2 of them reporting QTcF>500 ms but no clinical symptoms. Using QTcB correction increases of > 60 ms were present in 9 participants (6.3%). A trend towards increased prolongation was observed in those over 65 years of age but only a few subjects were in this group. No new safety signal was reported.The overall efficacy rate was 255/257 (99.2%).ConclusionsAPQ appears as an effective and well tolerated drug for treatment of malaria in patients recruited in European countries. AEs and QT prolongation were in the range of those obtained in larger cohorts from endemic countries.(This study has been registered in EU Post-Authorization Studies Register as EUPAS6942)

He has committed a drinkable offence: the discourse of alcohol consumption among rural youth in Nigeria

This article explores how identity and masculinity are framed and negotiated through interactional discourses which are related to alcohol consumption and drinking culture by rural youth in Southern Cross River State, South-Eastern Nigeria. In this culture, young men employ enregisterment of slang, metaphors and subjective narratives to symbolically construct their ideologies of alcohol. The study adopts the community of practice conceptual framework which sets the parameters for social and linguistic practices where language is (re)produced and (re)conceptualised through different forms of participation and engagement. With ethnographic observations, interviews, focus groups and qualitative analysis, I aim to reveal some of the dimensions of identity and masculinity that are enacted in the discourse of alcohol consumption. These include: knowledge of slang and metaphors associated with alcohol and its consumption, projecting an image of a light or heavy alcohol consumer, utilising alcohol as a necessity in resolving conflicts and relating alcohol consumption as a source of strength, toughness and other masculine attributes. I conclude that alcohol drinking culture forms part of the creative agency and social imaginaries of rural youth in defining their authentic social selves and local lifestyles.

Effect of alcohol consumption and the presence of fatty liver on the risk for incident type 2 diabetes: a population-based longitudinal study

IntroductionBoth fatty liver disease (FLD) and alcohol consumption have been reported to affect incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of FLD and alcohol consumption on incident type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsIn this historical cohort study involving 9948 men, we investigated the influence of the presence of FLD and the grades of alcohol consumption on incident type 2 diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models. We categorized the participants into the following four groups: none or minimal alcohol consumption, <40 g/week; light, 40–140 g/week; moderate, 140–280 g/week; or heavy alcohol consumption, >280 g/week. FLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography.ResultsDuring the median 6.0-year follow-up, 568 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Heavy alcohol consumers with FLD showed a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes compared with the other groups. Moderate alcohol consumers without FLD had a significantly higher risk for developing incident type 2 diabetes, compared with none or minimal and light alcohol consumers without FLD. In contrast, there was no apparent difference in the risk for incident type 2 diabetes between none or minimal, light, and moderate alcohol consumers with FLD. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk for incident type 2 diabetes between a moderate and heavy alcohol consumer without FLD and a none or minimal, light, and moderate alcohol consumer with FLD.ConclusionsTo prevent incident type 2 diabetes, we should acknowledge that the impact of alcohol consumption may vary in the presence of FLD.