scholarly journals Resilience to Early Family Risk Moderates Daily Stress and Affect on Cortisol Diurnal Slope associations: A 14-Day Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Yan Chi Tung ◽  
Yang Yap ◽  
Bei Bei ◽  
Linda Luecken ◽  
Joshua Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Early Family ◽  
Resilience Capacity

Abstract ObjectiveThis study examined whether resilience capacity moderates the impact of daily perceived stress and affect on cortisol diurnal slope among relocated emerging adults. MethodsRelocated undergraduates (N=98; aged 18-25 years) were recruited from three groups: Resilient, Vulnerable, and Control. Mixed-effects models were used to test the unique effects of perceived stress, negative affect, and positive affect x group interactions on diurnal cortisol slope across 14 consecutive days.ResultsThe Resilient group did not moderate the associations between daily stress or affect on cortisol diurnal slope. Instead, both the Resilient and Vulnerable groups with early family risk, showed a steeper diurnal slope unique to higher stress and a flatter slope unique to higher NA.ConclusionsResults suggest that an adverse early family life was significantly associated with altered cortisol diurnal slope outcomes to stress (i.e., demand) and negative affect (i.e., distress). These associations were not attenuated by current resilience capacity.

scholarly journals Beyond Face and Voice: A Review of Alexithymia and Emotion Perception in Music, Odor, Taste, and Touch

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Suslow ◽  
Anette Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Aversive Taste ◽  
Multimethod Assessment ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Alexithymia is a clinically relevant personality trait characterized by deficits in recognizing and verbalizing one's emotions. It has been shown that alexithymia is related to an impaired perception of external emotional stimuli, but previous research focused on emotion perception from faces and voices. Since sensory modalities represent rather distinct input channels it is important to know whether alexithymia also affects emotion perception in other modalities and expressive domains. The objective of our review was to summarize and systematically assess the literature on the impact of alexithymia on the perception of emotional (or hedonic) stimuli in music, odor, taste, and touch. Eleven relevant studies were identified. On the basis of the reviewed research, it can be preliminary concluded that alexithymia might be associated with deficits in the perception of primarily negative but also positive emotions in music and a reduced perception of aversive taste. The data available on olfaction and touch are inconsistent or ambiguous and do not allow to draw conclusions. Future investigations would benefit from a multimethod assessment of alexithymia and control of negative affect. Multimodal research seems necessary to advance our understanding of emotion perception deficits in alexithymia and clarify the contribution of modality-specific and supramodal processing impairments.

scholarly journals Mental health during the COVID-19 quarantine in five countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Erika Yohanna BEDOYA CARDONA ◽  
Ioana POPA ◽  
Anna MORANDI ◽  
Cristina MONTOMOLI
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. As part of the holistic concept of health, mental health can be focused on prevention of contagion and coping with the disease and its consequences in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The present study describes, compares, and analyzes the association of the impact of the event, perceived stress, coping strategies, emotional regulation, and sociodemographic characteristics during the quarantine in various countries. Material and methods. This research is a multicentric and epidemiological study with a convenience online snowball sampling of the general population and university students. Results. 1.179 participants from Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Italy, and Spain responded to the survey. Most of them included students and workers, with a high educational level and living with family during the quarantine. There are significant differences in the medians of all variables among countries and sociodemographic characteristics. The variables positively and significantly associated with the impact of the event during quarantine included the perceived stress, the coping strategies of alcohol/drug use, planning and active coping, focus on emotions and vent, the emotional regulation strategy expressive suppression, and living in Italy. Conclusions. These results have contributed to the understanding of mental, emotional, and behavioral response to quarantine, as well as underline the urgency of monitoring mental health among the vulnerable groups, in order to design specific prevention and intervention programs.

scholarly journals Change in Perceived Stress and Health Behaviors of Emerging Adults in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara J LaCaille ◽  
Stephanie A Hooker ◽  
Elaine Marshall ◽  
Rick A LaCaille ◽  
Rhea Owens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
First Year Of College ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruptions, restrictions, and concerns about physical and mental health. Emerging adulthood, including the first year of college, is associated with declines in healthy eating and physical activity, as well as possible heightened distress. The impact of COVID-19 may exacerbate these concerns. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine changes in health behaviors and perceived stress in emerging adults over the first year of college and to determine whether prepandemic health behaviors were protective for mental health and stress during the initial changes after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods First-year college students (N = 234, 58.6% female) completed three surveys during their first year of school, the third being after the onset of COVID-19 and during a stay-at-home order. At Time 3, we also assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results Using linear mixed modeling, sedentary time increased and physical activity decreased over time, but 20%–35% of students reported improvements in these behaviors. Dietary changes appeared mixed, with some improvements noted early during COVID-19. Perceived stress increased over time. Multiple regression indicated that of the health behaviors examined for protective effects on mental health and stress during the pandemic, only diet quality emerged as a significant predictor. Conclusions Although notable declines in some health habits were observed over time, including following COVID-19 disruptions, some students reported improved health behaviors. Efforts should be directed at identifying and intervening with students most at risk for poor functioning.

scholarly journals Daily Stress Processes in a Pandemic: The Effects of Affect, Worry, and Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 941-941
Author(s):  
Niccole Nelson ◽  
Cindy Bergeman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study

Abstract On March 13th, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, a pandemic. Given the day-to-day behavioral changes necessitated by this global threat, the current study examined daily stress reactivity and its potential moderators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two-level, multilevel modeling was used to examine the daily relationship between perceived stress and negative affect, as well as the moderating effects of daily positive affect, average pandemic worry, and age, on this process. Participants included 349 individuals from the young adult, midlife, and later-life cohorts of the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being who completed a 28-day, daily diary study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic (NDHWB; Age Range = 26-89). Individuals were affectively reactive to perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, experiencing higher negative affect on days of higher perceived stress. Regarding moderators, older individuals were less stress reactive than younger individuals, and the extent of individuals’ pandemic worry exacerbated their stress reactivity. Furthermore, daily positive affect buffered daily stress reactivity, regardless of pandemic worry and age. In sum, individuals who were younger or more worried about the pandemic tended to be more stress reactive than older or less worried individuals. Furthermore, daily positive affect buffered stress reactivity, and this buffering effect did not depend on age or the extent to which individuals were worried about the pandemic. Thus, mobilizing positive affect during the COVID-19 pandemic may be a promising avenue for intervention in daily stress processes.

Resilience Among Unemployed and Underemployed Emerging Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of How Stress and Coping Relate to Depressive Symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 216769682094940
Author(s):  
Robin E. McGee ◽  
Michael Windle ◽  
Hannah L. F. Cooper ◽  
Nancy J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resilience Process ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Unemployed and underemployed emerging adults (EAs) are at increased risk for depression. However, limited research has examined resilience and coping in this population. This study tested the resilience process by examining whether coping processes mediate the relationship between perceived stress and depression among unemployed and underemployed EAs. Data from 193 unemployed and underemployed EAs (ages 18–25) were collected through an online questionnaire. Path analysis tested the mediation model. Post hoc moderation analyses tested whether coping buffered the impact of stress on depression. The sample was diverse, consisting of Black (37%), White (37%), and other race/ethnicity (26%) participants. The proposed mediating model did not fit the data well. Of four interaction terms tested, one was significant (Perceived Stress × Coping Self-Efficacy [CSE]; p = .043). As CSE increased, the relationship between perceived stress and depression decreased. The interaction results suggest that CSE buffers the relationship between perceived stress and depression.

scholarly journals In the Eye of the Covid-19 Storm: A Web-Based Survey of Psychological Distress Among People Living in Lombardy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Saita ◽  
Federica Facchin ◽  
Francesco Pagnini ◽  
Sara Molgora
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the Covid-19 outbreak a pandemic and restrictive measures were enacted by the Governments to fight the spread of the virus. In Italy, these measures included a nationwide lockdown, with limited exceptions including grocery shopping, certain work activities, and healthcare. Consistently with findings from previous studies investigating the psychological impact of similar pandemics [e.g., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)], there is evidence that Covid-19 is associated with negative mental health outcomes. Given this background, we conducted a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent restrictive measures imposed by the Government on the psychological health of Italian men and women aged = 18 years and living in Lombardy, one of the worst-hit regions. The study also aimed at identifying what factors are associated with specific psychological outcomes. Thus, we developed an online survey that included a researcher-made questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, household, general health, and pandemic-related information. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess anxiety, depression, and perceived stress, respectively. We found that younger age, greater concerns about the pandemic, female gender, being unmarried, not having children, and being a student were associated with worse psychological health. These findings may provide further insight into the risk factors associated with negative psychological outcomes during the current pandemic, with identification of vulnerable groups. This body of evidence may help professionals implement targeted psychosocial treatment and prevention programs.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Prenatal Training on Anxiety Sensitivity and Control in Stress-Prone Pregnant Women: A Case-Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
sara amouzande ◽  
Mojgan Agah Heris
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Pregnancy Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Control ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Mood changes during pregnancy are very common and (DSM-V) highlights major mood, anxiety andpersonality disorders in pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness ofprenatal training on modulating anxiety sensitivity and anxiety control perception in stress-prone pregnantwomen. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 125 volunteers by convenience sampling methodand 40 persons were randomly selected and divided into two groups (experimental and control). Eachindividual has answered the pregnancy anxiety, anxiety control perception and anxiety sensitivityquestionnaires before and after training. During the training, experimental techniques and healthy lifestylewere taught to the experimental group during 8 sessions of 120 minutes. Experimental results indicate thatstress management training combined with healthy lifestyle techniques increased anxiety control perception(p <0.05), while decreasing perceived stress and pregnancy anxiety in stress-prone pregnant women (p<0.05). Moreover, the results show that psychological training during pregnancy, such as relaxation andhealthy lifestyle, reduces pregnancy anxiety, perceived stress and increases anxiety control perception inpregnant women prone to stress. However, the training sessions did not have a positive effect on anxietysensitivity.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Using Work Domain Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Digitization on Command and Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jenkins ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Guy H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Domain
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