Effects of Sodium Pyruvate on Exercise-Induced Lactic Acidosis and Exercise Performance

Background: The beneficial effects of pyruvate on lactic acidosis and energy metabolism have been studied. The ability to attenuate acidosis and improve aerobic system contribution are essential for team sports athletes to perform multiple sprints in a limited time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pyruvate supplementation on energy metabolism and lactic acidosis during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and to evaluate its role in repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance.Methods: Fourteen national-level male soccer athletes from China Football College (age: 20 ± 2 years, body fat: 13.11 ± 3.50%) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Each subject underwent two HIIE and RSE tests after one week of supplementation with 0.1g/kg/d of pyruvate or placebo. Venous blood gas (pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE) and oxygen partial pressure (pO2)) were measured at baseline, pre-HIIE, post-HIIE, pre-RSE and post-RSE. Finger-stick capillary lactate were collected at baseline, immediately after each bout of HIIE, and 3, 5, 7 and 10 min post HIIE. The energy system contributions during HIIE and exercise performance of RSE were analyzed. Results: Blood pH (p < 0.01), HCO3- (p < 0.01) and BE (p < 0.01) were significantly lower than their baseline levels at post-HIIE, pre-RSE and post-RSE in both Group pyruvate (PYR) and Group placebo (PLA), respectively. Blood pH, HCO3- and BE were significantly improved in PYR at pre-HIIE (p < 0.01), post-HIIE (p < 0.01) and pre-RSE (p < 0.01) than in PLA. Furthermore, blood BE remained higher in PYR than in PLA until the end of RSE (p < 0.05). Blood pO2 was higher at post-HIIE (p < 0.05), pre-RSE (p < 0.01) and post-RSE (p < 0.01), compared to baseline, in two groups and further higher in PYR than in PLA at post-HIIE (p < 0.05) and post-RSE (p < 0.05). During HIIE, the contribution of the aerobic system in the fourth bout of HIIE was higher in PYR than in PLA (p < 0.05). The contribution of the anaerobic energy was higher than that of the aerobic energy in PLA (p < 0.01), but without difference in PYR (p > 0.05). In addition, compared with PLA, the relative peak power (RPP) of the first and fifth sprints, the relative average power (RAP) of the fifth sprint and the average of RPP and RAP during RSE were significantly improved in PYR (p < 0.05). However, the blood lactate (p > 0.05), PD% of each bout (p > 0.05) or average PD% of RSE (p > 0.05) showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Pyruvate supplementation with 0.1g/kg/d for a 1-week enhances aerobic metabolism and buffers exercise-induced metabolic acidosis but not lactic acidosis during HIIE, improving RSE performance in moderate acidosis. Thus, after 1 week pyruvate supplementation, athletes are expected to balance aerobic and anaerobic energy contributions and attenuate metabolic acidosis during team sports, improving exercise performance.

Bioremediation of Tofu Industrial Wastewater Using Anaerobic-Aerobic Solution of EM4

This research using a bioremediation treatment process with anaerobic-aerobic system by mixing tofu liquid waste and EM4 solution into the reactor. The variation of EM4 solution that will be used in this research is 1/20 of concentration with 1/10 of concentration and detention time. This research was conducted for 8 days. The result showed that EM4 solution was able to reduce BOD, COD, and TSS by usinng variations in concentration and detention time. The most significant decrease in BOD, COD, adn TSS levels occured on the 8 day. BOD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 48,98% and a second reactor with removal efficiency of 48,98%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 37,33% and in second reactor the removal efficiency was 37,34%. COD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 61,82% and a second reacotor with removal efficiency of 62,10%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 30,39% an in second reactor the removal efficiency was 34,98%. TSS levels for the first reactor at a concentration 1/20 with removal efficiency of 41,17% and in the second reactor the removal efficiency of 43,59%. At 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency of TSS levels was 1,02% in the first reactor and in the second reactor the removal efficiancy was 5,10%. Bioremediation using EM4 solution can be used to reduce levels of BOD, COD, and TSS of tofu liquid waste according to the applicable quality standards

Penggunaan Mikroorganisme Lokal dari Berbagai Formula terhadap Kualitas Biourine Kambing Terfortifikasi

Biourine which is widely known as liquid organic fertilizer is one of the alternative efforts in waste treatment, especially animal urine to become something that is more beneficial for the environment. One of the biourine benefit is to maintain soil fertility which is can increase farmer productivity. The aim of the research was to test the quality of local microorganisms (MOL) and goat biourine which had been made in different formulas, and to determine the best biourine in kale. MOL was made by four main raw materials, they are cow’s rumen, golden snail, bamboo shoots, and banana weevil. The making of MOL needed 14 days of processing in aerobic system. Then, 10% of MOL that had been made was added to goat urine to make biourine in the same aerobic system. The best biourine will be tested by watering kale. From the observations, it was obtained that the composition of raw materials from existing formulas affects the quality of the MOL produced. The quality affects the final result of the biourine. The best selected biourine has N and P content of 2.23% and 0.11% respectively. The amount of biourine applied to water kale was 0.4 ml / planting hole. The result showed kale which was watered by biourine treatment produced higher production levels than negative control plants but the difference was not significant. But these results was still lower than positive control by the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) KOMUNAL CLUSTER RIVERPLACE PERUMAHAN TIRTASANI KABUPATEN MALANG

Tirtasani Estate doesn’t have communal wastewater treatment which makes the water polluted. To solve those problems, the writer intended to design wastewater treatment plant. This thesis aimed to (1) find the waswater discharge (2) design the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) system (3) estimate the cost of WWTP manufacturing.The data needed for this design were the map of the housing, Tirtasani estate’s topographic map, Work Unit Price of Malang District 2018. The data were obtained from site surveys.The design resulted in (1) 85.6 m3 / day wastwater discharge (2) wastewater discharge made into f 4” wastewater pipe; 3 unit of 30 m3 WWTP tank with Anaerobic aerobic system ; 3.25 m x 9.5 m x 3.5 m WWTP structure. Keywords: communal, design, WWTP

A-Na(d) tayaSati Hubungan Anapanasati (Nafas Buddha) di dalam Struktur Tari Klasik Thailand

RingkasanA-Na(d)tayaSati adalah penciptaan karya tari dengan menyatukan prinsip hubungan Anapanasati (napas Buddha) dengan struktur gerak tari klasik Thailand. Tujuan penciptaan agar bisa mengarah pada salah satu bentuk atau metode gerakan tari Thailand yang berfokus pada penggunaan napas sebagai landasan struktur gerakan independen, alami, dengan mengambil kekuatan energi dari dalam ke luar. Hal ini untuk membuat gerakan tersebut bertahan lama sehingga bisa bergerak dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama, dan merupakan gerak yang tenang melalui meditasi yang alami, tanpa memaksa tubuh. Karya ini bertujuan pula untuk menciptakan gerakan lain dalam tarian Thailand yang konsisten dengan doktrin Buddha, yang sadar akan jangkauannya saat ini dan alami melalui latihan dan kesadaran diri. Dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip meditasi dalam bentuk Anapanasati dan teori gerakan tubuh sesuai dengan (teori Pemrograman Motor) dalam anatomi untuk menemukan hubungan dari gerakan tari klasik Thailand yang memberikan arti penting bagi gerakan dengan napas penari. Proses penciptaan hubungan Anapanasati (Napas Buddha) dengan struktur gerak tari klasik Thailand, sebagai pengakuan adanya gerakan baru yang memiliki energi aerobik (Aerobic system) yang beredar sepanjang waktu. Hal ini merupakan sistem tubuh yang menggunakan oksigen untuk membakar sepenuhnya dan terbentuk sebagai energi yang berkelanjutan dan damai dari dalam tubuh yang disebabkan oleh meditasi dengan metode pernapasan sambil melalukan gerakan tari klasik Thailand. Selain itu, tubuh tetap memiliki postur yang jelas, kuat dan unik dengan struktur gerakan tari klasik Thailand namun menjadi lebih ringan, lebih nyaman dan lebih alami. Energi dari napas masuk dan ke luar itu membuat gerakan menjadi terus-menerus, tanpa akhir, tanpa masalah kelelahan dan kontraksi otot saat bergerak ketika menari.AbstractThe dance work creation with the principle of the relationship of Anapanasati (Buddha's breath) in the structure of the classical Thai dance movement. In the aim of being able to lead to one form or method of Thai dance movements that focuses on the use of breath as a foundation for the structure of independent movements, natural, and take energy from the inside to outside. This makes the movement very durable so that it can move for a longer period of time and is a quiet movement through natural meditation, without force. To create another movement in Thai dance that is consistent with Buddhist doctrine, which is aware of its current and natural reach through practice and self-awareness. By applying the principles of meditation in the form of Anapanasati and the theory of appropriate body movements (Motor Programming theory) in anatomy to find the connection of classical dance movements Thailand which gives importance mean to movement with the breath of dancers. The process of creating Anapanasati (Buddha's Breath) with the movement structure of the Thai classical dance as recognition of a new movement that has an aerobic system circulating around the time. This is a body system that uses oxygen to burn completely and is formed as a continuous and peaceful energy from the inside caused by meditation with the breathing method while moving the Thai classical dance movement. Besides that, the body still has a clear and strong posture that is unique with the structure of Thai classical dance movements such as lighter, more comfortable and more natural. The energy of in and out breath makes the movement become continuous, endless, without a problem of fatigue and muscle contraction during movements in the dance.

A-Na(d) tayaSati Hubungan Anapanasati (Nafas Buddha) di dalam Struktur Tari Klasik Thailand

A-Na(d)tayaSati adalah penciptaan karya tari dengan menyatukan prinsip hubungan Anapanasati (napas Buddha) dengan struktur gerak tari klasik Thailand. Tujuan penciptaan agarbisa mengarah pada salah satu bentuk atau metode gerakan tari Thailand yang berfokus padapenggunaan napas sebagai landasan struktur gerakan independen, alami, dengan mengambil kekuatan energi dari dalam ke luar. Hal ini untuk membuat gerakan tersebut bertahan lamasehingga bisa bergerak dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama, dan merupakan gerak yang tenangmelalui meditasi yang alami, tanpa memaksa tubuh. Karya ini bertujuan pula untuk menciptakangerakan lain dalam tarian Thailand yang konsisten dengan doktrin Buddha, yang sadar akanjangkauannya saat ini dan alami melalui latihan dan kesadaran diri . Dengan menerapkan prinsipprinsipmeditasi dalam bentuk Anapanasati dan teori gerakan tubuh sesuai dengan (teoriPemrograman Motor) dalam anatomi untuk menemukan hubungan dari gerakan tari klasik Thailandyang memberikan arti penting bagi gerakan dengan napas penari . Proses penciptaan hubungan Anapanasati (Napas Buddha) dengan struktur gerak tari klasikThailand, sebagai pengakuan adanya gerakan baru yang memiliki energi aerobik (Aerobic system)yang beredar sepanjang waktu. Hal ini merupakan sistem tubuh yang menggunakan oksigen untukmembakar sepenuhnya dan terbentuk sebagai energi yang berkelanjutan dan damai dari dalamtubuh yang disebabkan oleh meditasi dengan metode pernapasan sambil melalukan gerakan tariklasik Thailand. Selain itu, tubuh tetap memiliki postur yang jelas, kuat dan unik dengan strukturgerakan tari klasik Thailand namun menjadi lebih ringan, lebih nyaman dan lebih alami. Energi dari napas masuk dan ke luar itu membuat gerakan menjadi terus-menerus, tanpa akhir, tanpa masalahkelelahan dan kontraksi otot saat bergerak ketika menari.The dance work creation with the principle of the relationship of Anapanasati (Buddha'sbreath) in the structure of the classical Thai dance movement . In the aim of being able to lead to oneform or method of Thai dance movements that focuses on the use of breath as a foundation for thestructure of independent movements, natural, and take energy from the inside to outside . This makesthe movement very durable so that it can move for a longer period of time and is a quiet movementthrough natural meditation, without force. To create another movement in Thai dance that isconsistent with Buddhist doctrine, which is aware of its current and natural reach through practiceand self-awareness. By applying the principles of meditation in the form of Anapanasati and thetheory of appropriate body movements (Motor Programming theory) in anatomy to find theconnection of classical dance movements Thailand which gives importance mean to movement withthe breath of dancers.The process of creating Anapanasati (Buddha's Breath) with the mobement structure of theThai classical dance as recognition of a new movement that has an aerobic system circulatingaround the time. This is a body system that uses oxygen to burn completely and is formed as acontinuous and peaceful energy from the inside caused by meditation with the breathing methodwhile moving the Thai classical dance movement . Besides that, the body still has a clear and strongposture that is unique with the structure of Thai classical dance movements such as lighter, morecomfortable and more natural. The energy of in and out breath makes the movement becomecontinuous, endless, without a problem of fatigue and muscle contraction during movements in thedance.

Evaluation of methylparaben removal and microbial behavior using a SBR system

We evaluated the variation in microbial populations and the behavior of an SBR system in the removal of methylparaben (MePB). The experimentation was carried out for 14 weeks, in three operational stages as follows: stabilization (Stage I), (Stage II = 300 μgMePB/L and Stage III = 600 μgMePB/L). The variation of the microorganisms was analyzed over the experimentation time along with the contact with the pollutant to be degraded, and the removal percentage of COD and MePB, with results of 88±5,5% and 92±7,7% respectively. Kinetic of MePB removal was evaluated to obtain the rate constant of biological degradation, Kbiol. Using these kinetic results, the effect of different concentrations of MePB and biomass on biodegradation behavior was evaluated. Kbiol (LgSS-1d-1) values were obtained of 42.8 and 79 respectively; and 472±38.0 µgMePB/L, at biomass contents of 1466.7 and 2666.7 mgSSV/L, where Kbiol (LgSS-1d-1) values were obtained of 11.0 and 32.6 respectively.The variation of the microbial populations were analyzed using DGGE. The results obtained indicated that the populations presented similar characteristics between the stages. However, for the biomass samples of Stage I and stage III, significant differences were identified in the composition of microbial populations. Nonetheless, this did not affect the removal of MePB and the diversity conditions that characterize an aerobic system.