Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals thoracolumbar vertebra heterogeneity and rib-genesis in pigs

Thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) development is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates although whole-organism analysis of TLV and RP gene expression dynamics has been lacking. Here we investigated the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene-expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene-expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and rib development. Further analysis of cell-type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high levels of HOXA10 3'-UTR sequence specific to osteoblast of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell-type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

Utilization of sugarcane factories’ wastes as inexpensive source of nutrients and CO2 for microalgal biomass production: process coupling and potential evaluation

One approach for the viable production of algal biomass is to couple its production with wastewater treatment plants, power and/or industrial plants. This is intended towards the utilization of the nutrients and the CO2 in the wastewater and in the flue gases of the industry respectively by the microalgae during their growth. In the present study microalgal biomass production was conceptually coupled with a sugar factory. The potential of the wastewater and the flue gas of the factory to support the growth of the microalgae was evaluated. Likewise the possible reduction of pollution by the microalgae was studied. The outputs from the coupled process were determined using the material and energy balance approach with a spread sheet. The cultivation model shows that 12 mg of total nitrogen (TN) and 7.4 mg of total phosphorus (TP) per liter of wastewater could be transferred to the algal growth ponds. It was found that there is a nitrogen deficit in the wastewater. With the supply of makeup nutrient, 120.5 tons/year microalgal biomass could be produced from the coupled process. Application of the assumptions resulted in the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg O2/L) from 2200 to 447, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (mg O2/L) from 1200 to 207, TN (mg/L) from 15 to 0.6 and, TP (mg/L) from 10 to 1.5 in the wastewater. Integration of the sugarcane processing factories with algal biomass production is important for both biomass production and bioremediation.

Prozess-Maschine-Interaktion des Verzahnungshonens/Process-machine-interaction for gear honing

Für die Endbearbeitung von Zahnrädern wird unter anderem das Verzahnungshonen eingesetzt. Die theoretisch erreichbare Maschinenleistung kann aufgrund auftretender Schwingungen eingeschränkt sein. In einem aktuellen Forschungsprojekt zur Abbildung der Prozess-Maschine-Interaktion beim Verzahnungshonen werden die Eigenschaften der Maschine und die Prozesskräfte berücksichtigt. In diesem Beitrag wird ein gekoppeltes Prozess-Maschine-Modell für das Verzahnungshonen vorgestellt.   One of the processes used for finishing gears is gear honing. The theoretically achievable machine performance can be limited due to occurring vibrations. A current research project for modelling the process-machine interaction in gear honing considers the characteristics of the machine and the process forces. This article presents a coupled process-machine model for gear honing.

CoOx/UiO-66 and NiO/UiO-66 Heterostructures with UiO-66 Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Water oxidation reaction involves a four electron-proton coupled process that is kinetically sluggish and has hindered the widespread application of water-splitting technology. Metal-MOF-coupled heterostructures serve as good OER electrocatalysts due...

Effect of current on biofilm-electrode reactor coupled with sulfur autotrophic denitrification process (BER-SAD) for nitrate removal from wastewater

The biofilm-electrode reactor coupled with sulfur autotrophic denitrification process (BER-SAD) was used to remove nitrate in groundwater, and the effect of current intensity on the denitrification characteristics of the coupled process was explored. Current intensity had a great influence on the denitrification effect of the coupled process, the maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 99.9% and lowest nitrite production were gained under the optimum current density of 100 mA. Moreover, the accumulation concentration of SO42- increased gradually with the increase of current intensity. With the increase of current intensity, the proportion of hydrogen autotrophic denitrification decreased, while the proportion of sulfur autotrophic denitrification increased.

Silicon Acid Batteries Enabled by a Copper Catalysed Electrochemo-Mechanical Coupled Process

Although silicon delivers outstanding charge storage capacity during its electrochemical oxidation, utilization of this process to the battery applications is fundamentally hindered by its propensity to form passivated oxide layer...