Ordinal losses for classification of cervical cancer risk

Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, especially in low to middle-income countries. Despite the outburst of recent scientific advances, there is no totally effective treatment, especially when diagnosed in an advanced stage. Screening tests, such as cytology or colposcopy, have been responsible for a substantial decrease in cervical cancer deaths. Cervical cancer automatic screening via Pap smear is a highly valuable cell imaging-based detection tool, where cells must be classified as being within one of a multitude of ordinal classes, ranging from abnormal to normal. Current approaches to ordinal inference for neural networks are found to not sufficiently take advantage of the ordinal problem or to be too uncompromising. A non-parametric ordinal loss for neuronal networks is proposed that promotes the output probabilities to follow a unimodal distribution. This is done by imposing a set of different constraints over all pairs of consecutive labels which allows for a more flexible decision boundary relative to approaches from the literature. Our proposed loss is contrasted against other methods from the literature by using a plethora of deep architectures. A first conclusion is the benefit of using non-parametric ordinal losses against parametric losses in cervical cancer risk prediction. Additionally, the proposed loss is found to be the top-performer in several cases. The best performing model scores an accuracy of 75.6% for seven classes and 81.3% for four classes.

Thin-wire radiating structures with double symmetry

The problems of electrodynamic analysis of thin-wire radiating structures with double symmetry are considered. New generalized integral representations of the electromagnetic field are obtained for the case of structures with single and double symmetries. Based on the obtained expressions, mathematical models of two - and four-way elliptical spiral antennas are constructed. It is shown that taking into account double symmetry in solving the internal electrodynamic problem leads to a set of independent Fredholm integral equations of the first kind written with respect to the distributions of normal current waves, which significantly simplifies the solution of the internal electrodynamic problem. Comparisons of current distributions along conductors, their input resistance dependences on the radius of the structure, and normalized radiation patterns for two- and four-way spiral emitters are presented.

Diagnosis of Abnormal Heat Generation in the Connection Part in Low Voltage MCCBs for Fire Risk Prediction

This study is conducted to determine the critical temperature under normal current flow by estimating normal heat generation; the saturation temperature of the connecting part of a circuit breaker is simultaneously measured by sub-dividing the rated current of molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) into 10 steps. Further, a risk analysis was conducted via an investigation of thermal characteristics. To this end, five types of MCCBs were selected while building a temperature test box; further, the heat generation temperature of the three phases on the line and load sides was measured using the sub-divided load current to represent the electrical heat variation and a high-current-generating tester real-time. The results the test, demonstrate that the temperature of the connecting part of the MCCB stably increased; in addition, the standard of the heat generation could be established and the load amount could be predicted by measuring the temperature variation. Meanwhile, the heat generation temperature was different for different types of wirings such as power lines and Busbar. Further among the R, S, and T phases of the MCCB, S phase temperature was slightly higher than those of the others. This study can serve as a theoretical reference for future applied research on the dangers of fire due to the heat generation of the connecting part of the MCCB, wherein the risks of abnormal heat generation need to be analyzed. The results obtained can be applied not only to prevent the carbonization accidents of MCCBs installed inside distribution panels being used at industrial sites, but also to manage the risks of the distribution circuit breaker and prevent the electrical fire.

POTRET KONDISI PERAIRAN DI PULAU KARANG CONGKAK KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA

Pulau Panggang in Kepulauan Seribu district have many small corall island sand, many reef flat the island. Approximately have four island reefs and there are relatively wide, that are a P. Karang Semak Daun, P. Karang Beras, P. Karang Congkak and P. Karang Bongkok. Karang Congkak Island has reef flat and its area is more than 169,36 Ha, while land area is just only 0,6 Ha and 0,5 – 2 meter depth. Water quality include temperature distribution about 29,8 – 30,4 oC, dissolved oxygen 6,001 – 7,110 mg/L, salinity 32,891 – 33,214 PSU, turbidity 0,518 – 1,944 FTU,chlorophyll 0,204 – 0,563 ug/L and pH about 8,505 -8,592 and its quality relative normal. Current velocity about 0,102 – 0,407 m/s at the reef flat, this conditions is relative height all along monsoon until corall reff many a massive type, at the some location have good corall conditon. Karang Congkak Island has potency for tourism maritime. Determining of sea protection at Karang Congkak island is very useful to preserve remainder corall reef existence. Keywords : reef flat, waters quality, preserve area

Precision Four-Quadrant Current Source Vch-500-12r For Superconducting Solenoids

A precision controllable bidirectional current source 0-500A for superconducting solenoids used in particle physics experiments has been proposed. This article discusses the operation principle of the designed device including a 40-kHz voltage conversion with subsequent synchronous rectification and an approach to energy recuperation from large inductive loads. It also presents some circuit designs aimed at reducing switching losses and increasing the overall efficiency. Current instability for 8 hours of continuous operation is no more than 0.01 % of the normal current.

Effects of Different Voltage Sag Types on Induction Motor

This paper analyzes effects caused by voltage sag types A, B, C and D on induction motor based on experimental test. The effect can be investigated in term the current peaks and speed variation. The magnitudes depend on magnitude of sag and duration, voltage sag types, during and recovery voltage sag. Several of voltage sag characteristics have been conducted in different magnitude, duration and sag types. The results show that the current peaks generated reach more than 4 times of normal current and it was achieved at recovery voltage instant. Sag magnitude has great influence on the current peak but sag duration is not significantly. Type A voltage sag only can cause the motor stop running and it was achieved when it was subjected to sag magnitude of 10% and 6s in duration. The motor stops running in shorter duration when it was subjected to interruption with sag duration of 4s. Therefore voltage sag of type A lead to more severe on induction motor if compared with other sag type. This is according to number of phase that experience sag. The magnitude and duration of voltage sags have influenced significantly on the motor speed only for low sag magnitude and long sag duration.

The Design of Remote Monitoring System for Indoor Electrical Safety

Causes of electrical fires have great variety. In view of the main, this paper explores the algorithm of fault arc detection and the method of electric appliance identification, and briefly shows the overall design of the monitoring system. The judging threshold of fault arc can be carried out through building an AR model of normal current signal and calculating the coefficients of the AR model with the third-order Burg algorithm. The existence of fault arc can be determined by the squared Euclid distance between the threshold and the coefficients of current signal. The pattern recognize based on the Fourier series of current signal as characteristic values can be used as Electrical appliances identification methods combined with the power of appliance.