Floods and their problems: Land uses and soil types perspectives

The phenomenon of flooding that occurs in almost all regions of the earth causes loss of property and damage to public facilities and causes the loss of many human lives. There are many reports related to the causes of flooding with various solutions offered to overcome the flood problem. However, it seems that these efforts have not been able to eliminate the flood problem. Hydrologists have widely reported various factors that are the cause of flooding with an extensive scope. Therefore, this paper is limited to discussing flooding and its problems, specifically the river flood, from the perspective of land use and soil types. Changes in land use in a watershed can cause an increase in the runoff coefficient. Likewise, different types of soil have different abilities in passing water into the ground. Open land (without land cover) tends to be prone to erosion, reducing the soil’s infiltration capacity and increased surface runoff. Increasing the runoff coefficient will increase the peak discharge in a watershed. The decrease in the river capacity due to sediment can cause a river flood. To support this argument, a rainfall-runoff model, particularly the tank model, is also discussed, taking into account the various uses and types of soil in a watershed. Efforts to anticipate the river flood are also considered for formulating flood disaster control policies in a watershed.

Historical Evolution of Sustainable Community Economic Development in Business and Economics

Objective - Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED) has gradually changed overtime from production philosophy to the welfare ideology of assuring a better future for a resilient community in business and economics. SCED contributesto poverty alleviation, employment generation, sustainable community design, disaster control and resilience, biodiversity protection, and much more.The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review of this concept fromthe global and Bangladeshi perspective. Methodology - Peer reviewed publications in English language were considered indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science database. The study designed 2timelines of SCED concept evolution based on the information derived from the existing peer-reviewed publications. Findings - Both timelines (global and Bangladeshi) were found interrelated on some points, especially the third phase of the global SCED connected with the first phase of Bangladesh's SCED timeline, immediately after the Liberation War. Novelty - The study concludes that SCED is an ever-changing area of research and future research would reveal more sustainable features that would increase the sustainability and resilience of the business community. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Economic Development; Community Economic Development; Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED); Bangladesh; NGOs; MFIs. JEL Classification: F63, O1, O50.

Study on Combined Energy Absorption Support for Rockburst Disaster Control in Tunnelling

In order to better realize the rockburst disaster control mechanism and approach, the rockburst response of concrete blocks with different energy absorption levels under different energy storage conditions was observed and analyzed by loading tests. The occurrence and control mechanism of rockburst were explored from the perspective of energy aggregation and energy dissipation. On this basis, a combined energy absorption support system of concrete-filled steel tube frames and hollow steel pipes for rockburst disaster control was designed, and the effectiveness of the system was verified by numerical simulation and field tests. The results of loading tests show that the failure mode of the specimens changes from static failure to dynamic burst under energy storage loading. The occurrence of rockburst is inevitable when the energy supply is sufficient, but the disaster can be reduced or eliminated by strengthening constraints and improving energy-absorbing capacity to transform rockburst into large deformation. The combined structure consists of the hollow steel pipes being energy-absorbing part and the concrete-filled steel tube frames being strong confinement part was proposed to control rockburst disaster in tunnel support. The numerical analysis on the dynamic response of the support under strong rockburst impact shows that the hollow steel pipes effectively reduced the impact force on the concrete-filled tube frames, and accordingly, the deformation of the entire support system decreased. Given the condition that the hollow steel pipes be able to absorb all the impact energy during deformation, the smaller the strength of the hollow steel pipe is, the smaller the impact force and the displacement is. The combined energy absorption support provides an effective solution for rockburst disaster management in tunnels with strict clearance requirements.

Best Practice Berbasis Komunitas Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana

Community-based programs emphasize the community as the main actor. It started with recruitment and the establishment of community forums which became the benchmark for the success of the program. Furthermore, the community is equipped with knowledge about the identification and utilization of village potential so that the community can play practical roles in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem in the context of disaster control. The involvement of community forums in best practice is an efficient means because it provides space for forums to exchange knowledge and ideas in offering problem-solving solutions. The mining potential in Hulawa Village has a strategic role in improving the community's economy. However, it has an impact on river water resources in Hulawa Village. The direct impact observed in the field is the color change in river water due to mining activities. The potential of the village-owned by Hulawa Village can be maximized to become a village advantage. This needs to be done because it sees the opportunity for the high involvement of the Hulawa village community in village community empowerment programs.

History of Sustainable Community Economic Development: A Descriptive Research

Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED) has gradually been changing overtime from production philosophy to the welfare ideology of assuring better future for a resilient community. SCED's contribution in poverty alleviation, employment generation, sustainable community design, disaster control and resilience, biodiversity protection and so on. The study conducted a descriptive literature review of the history of this concept in global and Bangladesh perspective. Peer review publications in English language were considered that were indexed in reputed database like Scopus and Web of Science. The study designed two timelines of SCED concept evolution based on the information derived from the existing peer review publications. Both timelines (global and Bangladesh) were found interrelated in couple of points, especially the third phase of the global SCED connected with the first phase of Bangladesh's SCED timeline, immediately after the Liberation War. The study concluded that, SCED is an everchanging area of study and future research would reveal more sustainable features that would make the community sustainable and resilient. Keywords: Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED), Bangladesh, NGOs, MFIs

Problems in the Classification of Mine Gas Grades and Classification of Coal and Gas Outburst Mine Types

Since the classification of coal mine gas grade, there has been a classification mode with inconsistent classification basis and progressive relationship between gas mine and coal and gas outburst mine. This paper demonstrates the irrationality of the progressive relationship between coal and gas outburst mines and gas mines from the aspects of different classification materials, inconsistent gas storage media and different disaster control measures, and determines that coal and gas outburst mines and gas mines coexist and are different types of mines. According to the actual amount of outburst coal, the outburst mines are divided into weak, medium, strong and extremely strong outburst mines by using gas content W, coal seam firmness coefficient f and gas pressure P.

Disaster Control of Roof Falling in Deep Coal Mine Roadway Subjected to High Abutment Pressure

The roof falling accident is a serious threat to the lives of miners in deep coal mining, especially when the coal mine is more than 1000 meters deep. In regard to the 5306 coalface in the Tangkou coal mine, Shandong, China, the depth of coal seam is 992.8 m and the stress concentration coefficient of the roadway surrounding rock is 3.33. This leads to a serious deformation of the roadway roof, thereby producing a high risk of the roof falling disaster. In this pursuit, based on the mechanical analysis of roadway roof subjected to a high abutment pressure, the mathematical expressions of the setting load and movable column length of supports were introduced. Furthermore, the stability control mechanism of the roadway roof was analyzed and the optimized support parameters of supports are provided. The results showed that the longtime effective support of the roadway roof required the strength and deformation coupling of supports and anchored surrounding rock. The support length of the belt roadway should be at least 57.7 m, with 0-30 m away from the coalface supported by hydraulic supports and 32-57.7 m supported by single props. In addition, the maximum setting load and movable column length of hydraulic supports were 21.67 MPa and 280.3 mm and 12.44 MPa and 177.1 mm for single props, respectively. By applying the optimized support parameters of supports to the belt roadway of the 5306 coalface, the effective control of the roadway roof and the disaster control of roof falling were realized.