Control of a foreign investor over a Russian strategic economic company: the admissibility of indirect evidence in law enforcement

The key issues that arise when determining the signs of establishing control by a foreign investor over strategic companies are considered, as well as the issue of using indirect evidence when establishing the fact of the presence (absence) of such control.The classification of evidence of control is given, the judicial practice on the issue of evaluating the arguments of the antimonopoly authority and other persons when justifying the presence (absence) of control of a foreign investor over a Russian company engaged in a strategic type of activity is considered.It is concluded that it is inappropriate to legislate a closed list of grounds for a foreign investor’s control over a Russian strategic company in Federal Law № 57.

The Program of a Pedagogical University’s Strategic Development: Analyzing the Experience

The article analyzes the case of creating a project for Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University development. This process resulted in the adoption of a university development program until 2024. The authors provide the alternatives and the reasons for choosing the strategic type of planning the development, the type of strategic orientation of the university (market, entrepreneurial and educational orientation), and the type of its reorganization (restructuring and reconfiguration). The paper indicates the reasons and the criteria for the experts’ selection and their role in its creation. There are presented the results of the analysis of all project development stages, the work of focus groups with the main stake holders, the group work on the blocks of the program and the sessions devoted to the road maps. This case can be useful to those who are starting this kind of activity for the first time, since the authors describe the progress of work and consider its timing, as well as the difficulties encountered. The article also explains why this or that decision was made, indicates the right decisions, reveals the errors and the lessons learned.

The Development Strategy of Home-Based Exercise in China Based on the SWOT-AHP Model

In view of the increasing importance of sports to people and the impact of COVID-19 on people’s lives, home-based exercise has become a popular choice for people to keep fit due to its unique advantages and its popularity is expected to keep growing in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the development direction of home-based exercise and put in the corresponding efforts. However, there is currently a lack of research on all aspects of home-based exercise. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective sustainable development strategy of home-based exercise in China through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) hybrid model. Thirteen factors corresponding to the SWOT analysis were identified through a literature review and expert opinions. The results show that in China the advantages and potential outweigh the weaknesses and threats of home-based exercise. Home-based exercise should grasp the external development opportunities and choose the SO development strategic type that combines internal strengths and external opportunities. As the core for the development of home-based exercise, this strategy should be given priority. To sum up, home-based exercise is believed to have a bright future.

Concretization or broader interpretation of the law? (New approaches to state regulation of foreign investment in strategic sectors of the economy)

The article explores the new approaches of the Federal Antimonopoly Service to the application of certain provisions of the law on the control of foreign investment in business entities of strategic importance.The question of the correlation of the concepts of “control” and “the possibility of blocking decisions” was examined, as well as the problems of legal uncertainty re mandatory preliminary approval of a transaction in which a foreign investor plans to purchase shares of a business entity that is related to the strategic type of activity.The authors concluded that it is necessary and advisable to classify a business company as strategic based on legislation by its implementation of a type of activity that is adjacent to strategic.

Reputation Effects Under Interdependent Values

A patient player privately observes a persistent state and interacts with an infinite sequence of myopic uninformed players. The patient player is either a strategic type who maximizes his payoff or one of several commitment types who mechanically play the same action in every period. I focus on situations in which the uninformed player's best reply to a commitment action depends on the state and where the total probability of commitment types is sufficiently small. I show that the patient player's equilibrium payoff is bounded below his commitment payoff in some equilibria under some of his payoff functions. This is because he faces a trade‐off between building his reputation for commitment and signaling favorable information about the state. When players' stage‐game payoff functions are monotone‐supermodular, the patient player receives high payoffs in all states and in all equilibria. Under an additional condition on the state distribution, my reputation model yields a unique prediction on the patient player's equilibrium payoff and on‐path behavior.

Novels in the field of control over foreign investments in strategic sectors of the economy

The article explores a new legal mechanism that extends the authority of the Federal Antimonopoly Service to control the implementation of foreign investments not only to business entities of strategic importance, but also to any other Russian business entities that, according to the antitrust authority, are of key importance to the Russian economics. The problems of legal uncertainty regarding the mandatory prior coordination with the antimonopoly regulator of a transaction involving a foreign investor have been identified to differentiate legal consequences for violation of the provisions of special legislation depending on the actual presence of a threat to the defense and security of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that it is necessary and advisable to classify it as a business entity by virtue of its implementation of a type of activity that is adjacent to a strategic one (which is part of the technological process of a strategic type of activity as an integral part of it).

Sustainable supply management practices: making a difference in a firm’s sustainability performance

Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of sustainable supply management (SSM) practices in a firm’s overall sustainability performance and reflect the significance of supply management in this performance. The paper uses dynamic capability view as a theoretical foundation for the research of SSM practices and differentiates between reactive and proactive practices. Design/methodology/approach The research design includes a focus group session with nine supply management professionals and survey data collected from 111 companies. The research objectives are examined by means of quantitative analyses. Findings The empirical results show that SSM practices represent a significant share of the firm’s sustainability performance overall. However, the significance of the practices differs depending on the strategic type and importance of the practice. SSM practices reflecting reporting and upstream SCM activities aim to ensure sustainability of the entire supply chain and have a focal role in improving firm’s sustainability performance. Originality/value A three-dimensional matrix for the categorization of SSM practices is proposed. This is a novel theoretical contribution to the SSM literature. Reactive practices are basic ones where the strategic importance regarding the development of new capabilities is low. Proactive practices are dynamic in nature and aim toward the development of new capabilities. Thus, proactive practices have a long-term effect and are necessary for gaining higher sustainability performance.

Socio-Psychological Resilience of the Russian Enterprises Personnel: Basic Types and Social Influence

Objective: To reveal socio-psychological features of the personnel of Russian enterprises with different levels of resilience. The theoretical framework: The theories by T.Parsons, K.Cameron and R.Quinn. Empirical basis: Research period: 1999-2015. Subjects: not less than 20 senior managers, 120 mid-level managers, 360 lower-level employees annually. Results. Organizational conditions of successful high-technology enterprises (H-TE) and ordinary enterprises (OE) with long time modernization difficulties are characterized by specific types of organizational culture, leadership and managerial interaction. The staff of these enterprises differ in the following parameters: susceptibility to organizational stress, value priorities of organization development, balance of work and day-to-day motivation of managers and staff, levels of responsibility and transparency of their decisions, mutual confidence, susceptibility to pre-reform stereotypes, balance of value and instrumental components in determination of conflict behaviour, ratio of the main strategies of conflict behaviour and stress coping. Sets of these parameters form two types of psychological resilience (PsR): perspective at the H-TE and situational at the OE. Perspective psychological resilience is a factor of company development, is of an open form and is characterized by stress resistance in the conditions of change and personnel readiness towards innovation acceptance. Conclusion. The H-TE staff is characterized by forward-looking (strategic) type of PsR, while the OE staff – by situational (tactical) type. Ethical implications. Ensuring the right PsR of the staff in enterprises by managing organizational conditions can enhance the resilience both enterprises and traditional society.

Costly Leader Games with a Probabilistically Non-Strategic Leader

I consider a two-person costly leader game — in which the follower endogenously chooses whether to buy information about the leader, and a follow-up action — with a twist. With a known probability, the leader is a nonstrategic type. A strategic type leader may choose to masquerade as a nonstrategic type, at a cost. I show that, if the follower’s cost of information is not too large, and the probability of the leader being nonstrategic is neither too large nor too small, this game has no pure strategy equilibrium. Moreover, the equilibrium of the simultaneous-move complete information game is inaccessible as follower information cost converges to zero. There is no equilibrium outcome in which leader advantage is destroyed: however, a mixed strategy equilibrium exists which does preserve leader advantage in the sense that payoffs and strategies converge to those of the sequential-move complete information equilibrium as information cost tends to zero. My results differ from some traditional results in costly leader games, and are due to the interaction of two forces, the “type uncertainty” and the “money down the drain” effects. To my knowledge this is the first paper to integrate behavioral types into costly leader games (other papers considering heterogeneity in type do not consider nonstrategic players).