Utilization of Andong Leaf Extract (Cordyline fruticosa) as an Alternative for Coloring the Eggs of Intestinal Nematode

Microscopic examination is essential to find the type of worm that causes infection. Direct examination of worm eggs needs to use staining to distinguish between worm eggs and food residues that are not completely digested. The dyes commonly used are synthetic. The purpose of this study was to replace synthetic dyes with natural dyes with Andong (Cordyline Fruticosa) leaf juice. It can be used as an alternative or a substitute for dyes. This research method is descriptive, conducted at the Parasitology Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak. The population in this study was the juice of the leaves of Andong (Cordyline Fruticosa). The method of inspection is direct preparation with an object glass as is routinely done, but the dye is replaced with Andong leaf juice (Cordyline Fruticosa). The results showed that natural dye Andong leaf juice (Cordyline Fruticosa), gave a clear color to the absorption of intestinal nematode worm eggs as the test target. This study concludes that the juice of the leaves of Andong (Cordyline Fruticosa) with alcohol solvent can be used as an alternative dye for the examination of intestinal nematode worm eggs.

Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of substituted-n-((1, 3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl) benzenamine

A new derivative synthesis of Substituted-N-((1, 3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl) methyl) benzenamine has attempted by using commonly available key starting materials Acetophenone (1) and substituted phenyl hydrazine in presence of sulfuric acid catalyst and alcohol solvent to afford potential antiviral active analogues. The synthesis proceeds through Vilsmeier-Haack reaction followed by reductive amination by using sodium borohydride.

Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Level Comparisons of Pigeon Orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum) in Water and Light Stress Treatment

Environtmental conditions in which plants grow are always changing which when exceeding the tolerance limit will result in stress. Water and light stress affect the pigment content of photosynthesis such as chlorophyll and carotenoids. <em>Dendrobium crumenatum </em>is one of orchid species that is judged to be resistant to various types of environtmental conditions, so it can grow well in any environtment. This research aims to determine the comparison of chlorophyll and carotenoid levels of <em>D. crumenatum </em>from Bantul lowland population, Special Region of Yogyakarta which is given water and light stress treatment. The methods used are extraction with alcohol solvent (96%) and absorbtion level measurements with spectrophotometry at wavelengths 470, 645, and 663 nm. The highest chlorophyll a level contained in the leaves of <em>D. crumenatum </em>which is given water stress treatment, highest chlorophyll b level in control plant, highest total chlorophyll in the leaves which is given water stress treatment, and highest carotenoid level found in the leaves which is given light stress treatment.

Carbide Nanoparticle Dispersion Techniques for Metal Powder Metallurgy

Nanoparticles (NP) embedded into a matrix material have been shown to improve mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, and wear-resistance. However, the tendency of NPs to agglomerate in the powder mixing process is a major concern. This study investigates five different mechanochemical processing (MCP) routes to mitigate agglomeration to achieve a uniform dispersion of ZrC NPs in an Fe-based metal matrix composite. Our results suggest that MCP with only process controlling agents is ineffective in avoiding aggregation of these NPs. Instead, the uniformity of the carbide NP dispersion is achieved by pre-dispersing the NPs under ultrasonication using suitable surfactants followed by mechanically mixing of the NPs with iron powders in an alcohol solvent which is then dried. High-energy MCP is then used to embed the NPs within the powders. These collective steps resulted in a uniform dispersion of ZrC in the sintered (consolidated) Fe sample.

Supramolecular fibrous gels with helical pitch tunable by polarity of alcohol solvents

The pitch of supramolecular helical fibers formed from palmitoylated 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol was able to be tuned by controlling the polarity of alcohol solvent.