Morphotectonic analysis along the northern margin of Samos Island, related to the seismic activity of October 2020, Aegean Sea, Greece

<p>On October 30<sup>th</sup> 2020 a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred north of Samos Island at the Eastern Aegean Sea. This seismic event was another destructive active deformation in the long seismic history of Samos since the ancient times. Preliminary reports focused the seismic epicenter at about 10 km north of Karlovassi, situated at the western part of the Samos E-W trending coastline. The earthquake mechanism corresponds to an E-W normal fault dipping to the north. The activated fault was assumed to be running along the northern margin of Samos Island, which bounds from the south the Samos basin.</p><p>Immediately after the seismic activity and during the aftershock period in December 2020 an hydrographic survey off the northern coastal margin of Samos Island was conducted with R/V NAUTILOS of the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service, using the multibeam SeaBat 7160 RESON. The result of the hydrographic survey was a detailed bathymetric map with 15m grid interval and 50m isobaths.  The main morphological aspects of Samos Basin are a 14 km long, 6 km wide and 690 m deep elongated E-W basin developed north of Samos Island.</p><p>The southern margin of the basin is abrupt with morphological slopes of more than 10<sup>o</sup>, following the major E-W normal fault surface, running along the coastal zone, with an overall throw of more than 500m. In contrast, the northern margin of the basin shows a gradual slope increase towards the south from 1<sup>o</sup> to 5<sup>o</sup>. Numerous small canyons trending N-S transversal to the main direction of the Samos coastline are observed along the southern margin, between 600 and 100 m water depth.  These canyons have a length around 2,7 km and width between 100-300 m. Two large submarine landslides with a canyon width of 1,3 km and 0,8 Km, are located north of Karlovasi. The creation of the canyons is probably due to the uplift of Northern Samos Island and their 500 m vertical height difference corresponds to the average fault throw that has controlled the steep slopes of the margin. The orientation of the fault scarp changes at the western Samos coastline from E-W to ENE-WSW facing the neighboring Ikaria Basin, which is developed to the west of Samos Basin. The division line between the Ikaria and Samos basins runs N-S from the northern slopes and coast of the Kerketeas mountain (1443m). The aftershocks of the 30<sup>th</sup> October main shock are limited east of the N-S division line with only a minor activity 15 km to the west within the eastern margin of the Ikaria Basin.</p>

RECONSTRUCTION OF SOME SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ODINTSOVSKAYA CULTURE SETTLEMENT

В работе предпринята попытка ретроспективной социальной реконструкции обитателей одного древнего поселка — поселения Сошниково 1, относящегося к сошниковскому этапу одинцовской культуры (вторая половина IV — первая половина V вв.). На основании историографических данных с привлечением палеогенетических реконструкций сделано предположение о принадлежности обитателей реконструируемого поселения к самодийскому этносу. На основе этнографических материалов выведены усредненные данные, характеризующие как отдельные демографические показатели, так и некоторые стратификационные позиции. Эти усредненные данные наложены на планиграфическую информацию, полученную методами археологии при исследовании поселения Сошниково 1. В результате комплексного исследования с привлечением этнографических, палеогенетических и археологических данных сделан вывод о социальной организации обитателей одного древнего поселка. Обитатели поселка жили братскими семьями. По этнографическим данным средняя численность членов одной семьи составляла порядка 14 человек. На основании средней численности семьи и средней площади жилища выведена средняя площадь жилого пространства на 1 человека, которая составила порядка 1,8 кв. м. Общее количество жителей поселения всех половозрастных категорий составила порядка 148 человек. Выявлены особенности планиграфии жилища, деление его на 2 части: священную — мужскую, гостевую, расположенную за очагом, у дальней стенки жилища, и нечистую — женскую, хозяйственную, запороговую зону. Об этом свидетельствуют скопления хозяйственного инвентаря (керамики) в предвходовой зоне жилищных котлованов. Планиграфический анализ древнего поселка позволил конкретизировать ранее высказанную гипотезу о разграничительно-социальной, а не фортификационно-оборонительной функции линии ров-вал и наличии определенных слоев зависимого населения, что позволяет говорить о наличии достаточно жесткой системы вертикальной стратификации. Привлечение этнографических данных позволило выдвинуть гипотезу о системе ведения хозяйства и наличии определенных видов собственности на угодья. Статья носит дискуссионный характер и одной из целей имеет апробацию предложенной методики с целью ее дальнейшего использования при проведении более масштабных реконструкций на основании достаточно представительного планиграфического материала, представляющего поселенческие комплексы лесостепного Алтая, оставленные, вероятнее всего, самодийским населением и относящиеся к заключительным этапам кулайской и одинцовской культур. The article is aimed at a retrospective social reconstruction of the inhabitants of one ancient settlement – Soshnikovo1, which belongs to the Soshnikovskii stage of the Odintsovskaya culture (the second half of the 4th – the first half of the 5th century). On the basis of historiographic data with the involvement of paleogenetic reconstructions, it has been assumed that the inhabitants of the reconstructed settlement belonged to the Samoyed ethnic group. Following on the ethnographic materials, the authors derived the average data characterizing both individual demographic indicators and some stratification positions. These averaged data were applied to the planigraphic information obtained by archaeological methods in the study of settlement Soshnikovo 1. As a result of a comprehensive study involving ethnographic, paleogenetic and archaeological data, a conclusion has been made about the social organization of the ancient village inhabitants. The inhabitants of the village lived in brotherly families. According to the ethnographic data, the average number of members in one family was about 14 people. On the basis of the average number of families and the average area of the dwelling, an average area of living space per 1 person — about 1.8 sq. m. — has been calculated. The total number of inhabitants of the settlement belonging to all age and sex groups was about 148 people. The planigraphy of the dwelling is characterised by its division into 2 parts: the holy part — for men, guests, located behind the hearth at the far wall of the dwelling and the unclean part — for women, household activities, behind-the-threshold zone. This is evidenced by the accumulation of household equipment (ceramics) in the pre-entrance zone of the dwelling pits. The planigraphic analysis of the ancient settlement made it possible to support the previously stated hypothesis about the demarcation-social, rather than fortification-defensive function of the moat-rampart division line and the presence of certain layers of dependent population, which allows us to speak about the existence of a rigid system of vertical stratification. The involvement of ethnographic data resulted in putting forward a hypothesis about the system of household management and the existence of certain types of land ownership. The article opens discussion on the issue and aims at testing the proposed methodology for its subsequent use when carrying out reconstructions of larger scale on the basis of sufficiently representative planigraphic material of the settlements in the forest-steppe Altai, which belonged, most likely, to Samoyed people and can be related to the final stages of the Kulaiskaya and Odintsovskaya cultures.

Rethinking the withholding/withdrawing distinction: the cultural construction of “life-support” and the framing of end-of-life decisions

This paper is a theoretical and empirically informed examination of the naturalist distinction between withholding and withdrawing life-support. Drawing on the history of mechanical ventilation and on a recent Israeli law containing a novel approach to disconnecting life-support at the end of life, it is argued that the design of machines predicates the division line between “active” and “passive” interventions, and that the distinction itself might be morally self-defeating. Informed by insights from moral psychology, behavioral economics and philosophies of technology, the paper warns against the placement of this old distinction at the heart of the moral and legal regulation of life-support at the end of life.

Ocean Turbulent Mixing in Northern Bohai Strait, China

The measurements of ocean microstructure through which ocean internal mixing mechanism is revealed are taken more often recently. Free-falling turbulence microstructure profiler TurboMAP-9 is used to take a field observation on the area of northern Bohai Strait. 13 stations distributed in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and the “division line” between them are measured. Turbulent mixing characteristics of northern Bohai Strait for different seasons are described by analyzing the observation data of ocean turbulence microstructure profile. The results show that the northern Bohai Strait is a strong mixing area during non-stratification period. Turbulent energy dissipation rate ε of winter is bigger than that of autumn and it is strongest near the bottom layers which is in the order of 10−5W/kg. Heat dissipation rate χθ is in the same order of 10−6–10−5°C2/s in autumn as ε and 2–3 orders smaller than ε in winter. Thermal diffusivity coefficient kθ is a little bigger than turbulent mixing rate kρ in autumn and 1–2 orders smaller than kρ in winter. Both the kρ and kθ along the “division line” of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea are bigger than that of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Base on the measured data and the analysis, heat dissipation rate and thermal dispersion coefficient can change 2–3 orders in non-stratification seasons which should be paid much attention to, especially for ocean model parameterization and pollutant discharge modeling.

Tackling ideological clashes

This investigation is about how Chinese overseas online commentators (COOCs) respond to political discourses on China. COOCs present the ideological heterogeneity of Chinese overseas. Their diverse responses to different ideological debates show patterns that manifest how the Chinese diaspora enact their positional cultural identification. The analysis of the data showed that on both sides of the divide, the debate leads commentators to assume positions of attachment to, or detachment from, their Chinese cultural affiliations not in a set of binary oppositions but as a continuum with varying degrees. Along this division line, internal fragmentation can be further identified by different views of China’s external tension with other world powers. The notable internal complexity can arguably represent the nation’s maturation.

Comparative Analysis of Time-Frequency Curves of Seismic Records on Liquefied and Non-Liquefied Sites

The frequency of ground records on liquefied and non-liquefied sites is different. The calculation method of frequency decreasing rate is given here and the division line between liquefied and non-liquefied sites is proposed. To analyze the time-frequency curves of acceleration, the zero-crossing method is employed. The soft sites and ordinary non-liquefied sites are included in non-liquefied sites. The results show: (1) The concept and calculation method of frequency decreasing ratio, which is proposed in this paper, can describe the characteristics and regulations of time-frequency on liquefied and non-liquefied sites; (2) Before peak ground acceleration (PGA), the difference of the average frequencies of acceleration on liquefied and non-liquefied sites is not obvious and the average frequency of acceleration on soft sites is smaller than that either on liquefied or non-liquefied sites; (3) After PGA, the average frequency of acceleration on ordinary non-liquefied sites is the highest in the three types of sites, that of soft sites is the middle and that of liquefied sites is the smallest; (4) If the absolute change of the time-frequency is used as the criteria, it will be confused between soft sites and liquefied sites; (5) The threshold value of frequency decreasing ratio is 0.5 between liquefied and non-liquefied sites, which can judge the liquefied sites, non-liquefied sites and soft sites correctly.

Investigation of Film Cooling Effectiveness on Squealer Tip of a Gas Turbine Blade

The effect of the film cooling holes arrangements and the blowing ratio on the tip film cooling effectiveness in a rotating blade with the squealer tip was investigated by using numerical methods in this paper. The first stage rotor blade with squealer tip of GE-E3 engine high pressure turbine was adopted to perform this study. The tip clearance was specified as 1% of the blade height, and the groove depth was specified as 2% of the blade height. The different turbulence models were checked by Kim’s experiment data [1] in 1995, and the standard k-ε turbulence model was chosen to predict the film cooling effectiveness on the blade tip. The film holes were arranged at the tip camber line, the tip division line, the tip pressure side and the pressure surface near tip, respectively. The effect of the holes position on the tip film cooling effectiveness in the rotating blade was studied. The effect of the blowing ratio was analyzed for the cases that the film holes were placed at the tip division line and the pressure surface near tip. The results show that the area-averaged tip film cooling effectiveness reaches the highest when the film holes are placed along the tip division line, and the tip leakage mass flow rate can be reduced by placing the film holes on the pressure surface near tip.

Slovene migrant literature in Australia

This article on the literary creativity of Slovene rnigrants in Australia after the Second World War, including the most recent publications, discusses only the most artistically accomplished auth­ ors and addresses those works that have received the most enthusiastic reception by the critics and readers alike. Of course, those who are not mentioned are also important to the preservation of Slovene culture and identity among the Slovene migrants in Australia from a documentary, histori­ cal,or ethnological points of view. However, the genresfeatured here include the explicitly literary, the semi-literary fictionalized biography, the memoir and documentary fiction, and the literary journalistic text - all those fields and genres that nowadays straddle the division line between 'high' literature and so-called 'creative fiction'.