An environmentally friendly method for the isolation of cellulose nano fibrils from banana rachis fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Mukwaya ◽  
Weidong Yu ◽  
Rabie AM Asad ◽  
Hajo Yagoub
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sonic Treatment ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method ◽  
Derivative Thermogravimetry

Cellulose nano fibrils (CNFs) were isolated from banana rachis bran using enzyme hydrolysis with subsequent ultra-sonic treatment. The CNFs and bran were characterized by particle size distribution (only the CNFs), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; the morphology of the banana rachis fiber and CNFs was observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The furnished nano fibrils had an average diameter of 14.02 ± 2.10 nm and length of 619.6 ± 90.7 nm. The aspect ratio of the CNFs is in the range of long fibrils, that is 44.18. XRD studies revealed that CNFs (48.83%) were more crystalline than the banana bran (27.76%). TGA and derivative thermogravimetry thermograms showed that CNFs were more thermally stable than the bran.

Synthesis and upconversion luminescence properties of CaF2:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles obtained from SBA-15 template

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2035-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Xia ◽  
Peng Du
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Upconversion Luminescence ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

CaF2:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion (UC) luminescence nanoparticles have been synthesized using mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as a hard template. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UC emission spectra, respectively. Highly crystalline cubic phase CaF2:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles are uniformly distributed with an average diameter of about 40–50 nm, and the formation process is also demonstrated. The UC fluorescence has been realized in the as-prepared CaF2:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles on 980-nm excitation. The UC emission transitions for 4F9/2–4I15/2 (red), 2H11/2–4I15/2 (green), 4S3/2–4I15/2 (green), and 2H9/2–4I15/2 (violet) in the Yb3+/Er3+ codoped CaF2 nanoparticles depending on pumping power and temperature have been discussed. The UC mechanism, especially the origin on the temperature-dependent UC emission intensities ratio between 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels, have been proposed.

SYNTHESIS AND PIXE CHARACTERIZATION OF CuInSe2 AND CuIn3Se5

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
P. MALAR ◽  
TAPASH RANJAN RAUTRAY ◽  
V. VIJAYAN ◽  
S. KASIVISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Constituent Elements

Polycrystalline ingots of CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 were synthesized by melt-quench technique starting from the stoichiometric mixture of constituent elements. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the single-phase nature of the materials. Compositional analysis by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) showed that the compounds are near stoichiometric. Thin films of CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 were grown from pre-synthesized CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 powders. The films were polycrystalline, single-phase and near stoichiometric in nature, as indicated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and PIXE studies.

Structural Properties of PbS Nanoparticles Prepared by Photo Chemical Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
S. Kanimozhi ◽  
Dhandapani Vishnushankar ◽  
V. Veeravazhuthi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Dispersive Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pbs Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Xrd Studies

Lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles have been synthesized by photo chemical method and also in the dark ambient at room temperature. The pH of the solution is maintained by adding NaOH. The as-prepared PbS nanoparticles have been characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive Analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD studies reveal the crystalline nature of the particles. Grain size values are calculated using Scherrer’s formula and compared with the standard values. SEM picture shows a flower like structure in the sample synthesized at dark ambient, whereas the samples synthesized in light reveals the presence of varied nanostructures like nanorods, nanowires and nanoparticles. Size of the photo chemically synthesized PbS particles observed from TEM lies between 30nm to 60nm. From EDAX we conclude that the composition is nearly stoichiometric.

scholarly journals Size-Controlled Synthesis of Fe3O4Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Layers of Montmorillonite

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoon Kalantari ◽  
Mansor B. Ahmad ◽  
Kamyar Shameli ◽  
Mohd Zobir Bin Hussein ◽  
Roshanak Khandanlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Interlamellar Space ◽  
Size Controlled ◽  
Chemical Coprecipitation Method

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were synthesized using chemical coprecipitation method. Fe3O4-NPs are located in interlamellar space and external surfaces of montmorillonite (MMT) as a solid supported at room temperature. The size of magnetite nanoparticles could be controlled by varying the amount of NaOH as reducing agent in the medium. The interlamellar space changed from 1.24 nm to 2.85 nm and average diameter of Fe3O4nanoparticles was from 12.88 nm to 8.24 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using some instruments such as transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Aluminum-Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon in α-Si:H/Al and Al/α-Si:H Structures

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kishore ◽  
C. Hotz ◽  
H.A. Naseem ◽  
W.D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Studies

Solid phase crystallization of plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited (PECVD) amorphous silicon (α-Si:H) in α-Si:H/Al and Al/α-Si:H structures has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Radiative heating has been used to anneal films deposited on carbon-coated nickel (Ni) grids at temperatures between 200 and 400°C for TEM studies. α-Si:H films were deposited on c-Si substrates using high vacuum (HV) PECVD for the XRD studies. TEM studies show that crystallization of α-Si:H occurs at 200°C when Al film is deposited on top of the α-Si:H film. Similar behavior was observed in the XRD studies. In the case of α-Si:H deposited on top of Al films, the crystallization could not be observed at 400°C by TEM and even up to 500°C as seen by XRD.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics of Titania Nanofibers Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Electrospinning Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
Yong C. Kang ◽  
Ju Y. Park ◽  
Ed A. Evans ◽  
Rex D. Ramsier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ceramic Nanofibers ◽  
Titania Nanofibers

Titania nanofibers were successfully synthesized by sol-gel coating of electrospun polymer nanofibers followed by calcining to form either the pure anatase or rutile phases. Characterization of these materials was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques. The average diameter of these ceramic nanofibers was observed to be around 200 nm for both the rutile and anatase forms. The valence band structure and optical absorption thresholds differ, however, indicating that nanofibrous mats of titania can be selectively developed for different applications in catalysis and photochemistry.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Rh/B–TNTs as a Recyclable Catalyst for Hydroformylation of Olefin Containing –CN Functional Group

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghe Su ◽  
Xiaotong Liu ◽  
Ya Chen ◽  
Hongchi Liu ◽  
Baolin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inner Diameter

The TiO2-based nanotubes (TNTs, B–TNTs) of different surface acidities and their supported Rh catalysts were designed and synthesized. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), tempera–ture–programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3–TPD), atomic emission spectrometer (ICP), and Brunauer–Emmett–Tellerv (BET) surface-area analyzers. Images of SEM and TEM showed that the boron-decorated TiO2 nanotubes (B–TNTs) had a perfect multiwalled tubular structure; their length was up to hundreds of nanometers and inner diameter was about 7 nm. The results of NH3-TPD analyses showed that B–TNTs had a stronger acid site compared with TNTs. For Rh/TNTs and Rh/B–TNTs, Rh nanoparticles highly dispersed on B–TNTs were about 2.79 nm in average diameter and much smaller than those on TNTs, which were about 4.94 nm. The catalytic performances of catalysts for the hydroformylation of 2-methyl-3-butennitrile (2M3BN) were also evaluated, and results showed that the existence of B in Rh/B–TNTs had a great influence on the catalytic performance of the catalysts. The Rh/B–TNTs displayed higher catalytic activity, selectivity for aldehydes, and stability than the Rh/TNTs.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Thermally Spherical CuO Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nittaya Tamaekong ◽  
Chaikarn Liewhiran ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a thermal method. The CuO nanoparticles were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively. The specific surface area (SSABET) of CuO nanoparticles was determined by nitrogen adsorption. TheSSABETwas found to be 99.67 m2/g (dBETof 9.5 nm). The average diameter of the spherical CuO nanoparticles was approximately 6–9 nm.

scholarly journals Synthesis of PVP-Capped Au-CdSe Hybrid Nanoparticles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. M. Chili ◽  
V. S. R. Rajasekhar Pullabhotla ◽  
N. Revaprasadu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Studies

We report the synthesis of PVP-capped Au-CdSe hybrid nanostructures synthesized using the UV-irradiation method. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm the presence of the hybrid gold and CdSe nanoparticles.

New Synthesis Method to Obtain Pd Nano-Crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Ugalde ◽  
E. Chavira ◽  
Martha T. Ochoa-Lara ◽  
Carlos Quintanar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Xerogel Sample ◽  
Xrd Studies

We report a new synthesis method to obtain palladium nano-crystals by sol-gel polymerized with acrylamide. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies, we found PdO and Pd compounds in the xerogel sample, at 550 °C, and over 900 °C we detected only metallic Pd. These results were corroborated by powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD studies exhibit the lines from the tetragonal structure (PDF 41-1107) of PdO compound and from the cubic structure (PDF 46-1043) of Pd metallic. HRSEM micrographs show morphologies from the sample very sensitive to heat treatment. Finally, TEM images show crystals of ~8 nm in diameter.

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