FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SIMVASTATIN LOADED MICROEMULSION BASED GEL: IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION

The Simvastatin loaded microemulsion based gel was formulated and in-vitro evaluation was done for the treatment of diabetic wound healing. Simvastatin is BCS class II drug which promotes wound healing by increasing the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Microemulsions (MEs) are oil and water colloidal system stabilized by the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant offering enhance skin permeability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. At first, microemulsion (ME) was prepared by water titration method and the existence of ME region was determined using pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Formulations were prepared using oil (oleic acid), Tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactant and co-surfactant. Optimization of formulation was done using 32 factorial designs. Carbopol 940 was used as gelling agent for preparing microemulsion gel. The formulations were evaluated for physical appearance globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, percent transmittance, thermodynamic stability, dilution test, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation of ME showed average globule size of 151 nm and the optimized ME gel had a homogeneous texture, showed good spreadability and in vitro drug release. The present study indicates the simvastatin loaded microemulsion gel could act as promising vehicle for topical drug delivery of drug for diabetic wound healing.

POTENTIATING MICONAZOLE ACTIVITY WITH CLOVE OIL AND CHITOSAN IN MICROEMULSION BASED GEL FOR TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTION

The study aimed to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of miconazole entrapped in microemulsion based gel with clove oil as permeation enhancer and chitosan as antifungal agent. SEM confirmed spherical droplets of microemulsion in the 2 micron size range. The viscosity of emugel was 2251 cP, excellent spreadability 31.27 ±0.219 g.cm/cc as compared to marketed formulation. pH was 5.528 ± 0.032, homogeneity was excellent and drug content was 98 % in optimized batch. No drug-excipients interaction was reported in FTIR spectroscopy. In vitro drug release showed 94.8 % in 6 h. Ex vivo skin permeation showed higher steady state flux than conventional cream. Antifungal activity on Candida albicans showed a zone of inhibition more than that of marketed preparation. Thus, it can be concluded that the formulation may hold some promise for the treatment of severe fungal infections.

Design and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Micro-Emulsion Based Gel

Flurbiprofen via oral route has many side effects. Many inflammatory infections occur locally and close to the body's surface, so topical application of flurbiprofen is advantageous. Still, intact skin acts as a barrier and hampers skin penetration of the drug. Present objective of this work was to reduce the adverse effect of flurbiprofen and increase its bioavailability by formulating Flurbiprofen microemulsion based gel, evaluating it for its Physico-chemical properties and then finally conducting its in-vitro and animal studies to determine its efficiency. Arachis oil was selected as an oil phase as flurbiprofen showed maximum solubility in it. Microemulsion formulations (A1 to A9) were prepared by varying the qty of tween 80 (as a surfactant) and propylene glycol (as co-surfactant). Microemulsions which were found to give satisfactory results w.r.t microemulsion formation (F1 to F5) were converted to microemulsion gel using Carbopol 934 as gel base. The ability of different microemulsions to penetrate flurbiprofen through the skin was in-vitro evaluated. All the formulations were evaluated for their quantity of drug present in the formulation, pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, in vitro diffusion study. Formula F4, which showed good Physico-chemical properties, was subjected to anti-inflammatory study. Results showed that pH, spreadability, viscosity and amount of active ingredient present in formulations were in an acceptable limit. The standard calibration curve for flurbiprofen depicts the linear association between concentration and absorbance. The formulation F4 has the highest % release, 90.54% also showed a higher % inhibition of paw oedema after 4 hrs than marketed formulation.

FORMULATION OF MICROEMULSION BASED GEL OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE AND IT’S IN VITRO STUDIES

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a microemulsion based gel system considering transdermal delivery of Salbutamol with a purpose to increase the solubility and membrane drug deliverance. Methods: Oleic acid was favored for oil phase owing to the proficiency of solubility in this study. Despite surfactant and co-surfactant was determined by virtue of their solubilizing strength wherewith they developed MEs. Accomplishing Franz diffusion cells equipped with cellulose membrane for in vitro study. The Polymer carbopol 934 were used for based gel preparation to enhance the viscosity of microemulsion for transdermal utilization. The advanced micro emulsion-based gel, which was assessed for pH, centrifugation, spreadability conductivity, drug content, viscosity, SEM, XRD and stability studies. Results: The process of drug escape from microemulsion gel-based was noticed to pursue Korsmeyer-peppas model kinetics. The designed, microemulsion gel-based displayed acceptable stability layer than 3 mo. Drug release microemulsion within 24 h was observed 74%. Conclusion: The results illustrate that deliberated effort to establish microemulsion based gel (F3) was likely to produce sustained action of drug release (78.3%) and be permitted auspicious vehicle for transdermal distribution of Salbutamol.

Design, fabrication and evaluation of microemulsion based gel of essential oil of thymus vulgaris for superficial fungal infections

Although fungus being part of the commensal skin micro-structuring, various pathogenic commensals colonizes on human skin leading to superficial fungal infections. Owing to the resistance of present therapeutic treatments available, microbial resistance and serious hypoallergic reactions have been a concern to explore the phyto-therapeutic nutrients for treatment of fungal infections. One such plant essential oil-based formulation is thyme oil derived from the leaves of thymus vulgaris. The aim of present work i.e. development of thyme oil based microemulsion for treatment of fungal infections due to candida and trichophyton species. The thyme oil loaded microemulsion based gel was constructed using D-optimal design and the optimized final formulation contains 0.82% of oil, 9.22% of Smix and 89.95% of water. The optimized microemulsions was pale yellow to amber transparent microemulsion with globule size of 14.23 ± 0.3 nm, zeta potential of -0.69 mV and PDI value 0.00143 indicating a stable microemulsion. The microemulsion based gel formed had a pH of 6.03, appreciable viscosity and rheological properties. The drug release of formulation was 100.0 ± 0.22%. The % of drug permeated in skin layers was found to be 15.53 ± 0.22%. While % drug retention on the skin surface was found to be 26.32 ± 0.26% and within skin layers was found to be 58.47 ± 0.22%. The microemulsion based MBG was found to be safe on the dermis and efficacious then the marketed product and hence, promises its utilization as a safe and efficacious formulation for treatment of dermal infections.

Sucrose-mediated heat-stiffening microemulsion-based gel for enzyme entrapment and catalysis

Formation of a thermo-stiffening microemulsion-based-gel showing the nanoconfinement effect of carbohydrates as an efficient batch bioreactor for entrapped enzymes has been reported.