Explaining Consumer Intentions for Foods with Antioxidant Properties: Predictors of Choice and Purchase Barriers

Today, food products not only should serve the source of main nourishment but also must minimize the risk of negative impact on the human body. Products enriched with antioxidants can be referred to such category. For food producers, the development of products “for health” is usually connected with significant investment, whereas the final success of innovative products does not always meet the expectations. The greatest part of such products is withdrawn from the market during the first year. It is important for manufacturers to learn consumer behavior in order to ensure sale growth and a stable market position. The purpose of this study was to study consumer reception of products containing antioxidants. (It is important to conduct market research to identify the needs of buyers in order to maintain a stable position in the market. In order to study this issue, we analyzed the consumer perception of foods with antioxidant properties.) We studied the consumer perception of products with antioxidant properties with regard to choice predictors and barriers for purchasing, which finally determine the success of the product on the market. For this purpose, we conducted a survey of 721 consumers of the South Urals. The results of the statistical analysis done with the help of SPSS proved that South Ural consumers in general are ready to purchase products containing antioxidants. Besides, producers must bring information concerning the real value of the product and win the consumer trust and confidence as far as these are the main predictors determining the choice for purchasing the products containing antioxidants. Misunderstanding of the role antioxidants play in the human body may lead to perception of risk concerning consumption of such products and rejection of the purchase.

The Effect of Leverage and Debt Maturity on the Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Non Financial Firms Listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange

Purpose This study examined the effect of leverage, debt maturity on corporate financial performance of non-financial firms listed at the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Targeted population of this study was 100 firm listed at PSX as KSE-100 index out of which 74 non-financial firms were selected from 28 different sectors for the period of 5 years 2013 to 2017. Design/Methodology/Approach: Financial performance measured by ROA, ROE, while leverage, short term leverage, long term leverage taken as independent variables, four variables were taken as control which are size, current ratio, sale growth, tangibility. On the basis of Hausman test, results of random effect model were found appropriate. Findings: ST and LT Leverage have a negative significant and insignificant effect on financial performance (ROA) respectively, moreover long term leverage has a positive and significant but short has a negative and insignificant effect on ROE. The results of the control variables showed that size has a negative and significant effect on ROA and ROE, whereas current ratio has insignificant and negative effect on ROA, ROE. Sale growth has a positive and insignificant effect on firms ROA and ROE. Tangibility has insignificant and negative effect on financial performance. Implications/Originality/Value: This study is consistent with traditional trade-off theory and recommended that management of the non-financial firms listed at the PSX should employ minimal debt level or use an optimal level of capital structure and also to attract good management thus to improve their financial performance.

Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Investasi, Pertumbuhan Penjualan Dan Efisiensi Biaya Operasi Terhadap Profitabilitas

The purposes of this research was to analyze investment policy, the growth in sales, and operational cost efficiency to profitability of PT. Gudang Garam Tbkand PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry & Trading Tbk. The type and source of data that used by the author are secondary data derived from the company's official website and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). To obtain partial and simultaneous variables’ influence, analytical method was being applied. Thepartially regression analysis results for the case of PT Gudang Garam Tbk. indicates that investment policy and operational cost efficiency were not significantly affecting the company's profitability (ROA), and the growth in sales was significantly affecting the company's profitability (ROA). While simultaneously regression analyses (on investment policy and growth in sales) were not significantly affecting the company's profitability (ROA). In the case of PT. Ultrajaya Mil Industry & Trading Company, Tbk. the contradicting results were obtained, where the investment policy and operational cost efficiency were significantly affecting the company's profitability (ROA), and growth in sales was not significantly affecting the company's profitability (ROA). Simultaneously, investment policy and growth in sale), growth in sales and operational cost efficiency, were not significantly affecting the company's profitability (ROA)

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2015

This study aimed to examine the effect of firm size, liquidity, financial flexibility, share growth, sale growth, business risk and profitability to capital structure. This study used secondary data from the company’s financial statements and determinan of the sample using techniques proposive sampling. The population in this study are manufacture companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2011-2015 with a sample 55 companies. The result showed firm size has a positive effect to capital structure. Liquidity has a no effect to capital structure. Financial flexibility has a negative effect to capital structure. Sale growth has a positive effe ct to capital structure. Profitabilitas has a negatife effect to capital structure. Other result showed share growth and risk business has no effect to capital stucture. The result of the study are expected to add to the research literature that discuss the factors that effect of capital structure on manufacture companies. Further research can add control variable. Key Words: Capital structure, Firm size, Liquidity, Financial flexibility, share growth, sale growth, business risk, Profitability

The Relationship between Conditional Conservatism and Financial Crisis

<p>Profit and loss invoice is the main accounting information. Investors pay the priority attention to net profit as the latest information item of profit and loss invoice. Conservatism has a great influence on investment and companies’ financial crisis. The main purpose of this research is studying the relationship between conditional conservatism and financial crisis in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during time period of 2009 up to 2014. Statistical society is used by screening (omissive) model for selecting a sample which is studied in 122 companies. Current research methodology is applicative by aiming, its type is correlated, its model is panel data and for analysis by software of EVIEWS8. Also, obtained result by first subsidiary hypotheses represent a straight relationship between firm size and companies’ financial crisis and second subsidiary hypotheses represent a straight relationship between financial leverage and companies’ financial crisis. There is not a meaningful relationship between reserved cash fund and financial crisis in third subsidiary hypotheses. There is a meaningful relationship between sale growth and financial crisis in forth subsidiary hypotheses. There is a straight and meaningful relationship between tangible properties and financial crisis in fifth subsidiary hypotheses. In sixth subsidiary hypotheses, there is a negative and meaningful relationship between growth opportunity and financial crisis.</p>

The P/E Ratio And Profitability

<p>This paper examines the relation between the forward price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio and profitability. Consistent with the theoretical predictions of Ohlson and Zhan (2006), this paper finds a U-shaped relation between the forward P/E ratio and return on equity (ROE). Besides, firms with high P/E ratios tend to have lower ROE in the subsequent years, and their ROE is very volatile and wide-distributed. Using the GSCORE from Mohanram (2005), this paper separates winners from losers among high P/E firms. Firms with high GSCORE yield higher earnings growth, sale growth, ROE, and excess stock returns in the following years.</p>

VALUE DRIVERS TERHADAP NILAI PEMEGANG SAHAM PERUSAHAAN YANG HEDGING DI DERIVATIF VALUTA ASING

Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah MalangE-mail: [email protected] aim of this research are to understanding and analyzing the effect of value drivers variables(sale growth, operation profit, fixed asset investment, work capital investment, and capital cost) onshareholder value in the company with hedging strategy in foreign currency derivative. Result ofresearch indicates that: value drivers actually are expected to increase the shareholder value incompany with hedging strategy in foreign currency derivative; value drivers actually may increasethe shareholder value in company with hedging strategy in foreign currency derivative, capital costcannot improve shareholder value in company with hedging strategy in foreign currency derivative;and sale growth is the strongest factor to increase shareholder value in company with hedging strategyin foreign currency derivative.Key words: value drivers, shareholder value, hedging, foreign currency derivative