The Impact of the Virtual Programs in Promoting English Language Learning in the Context of Middle East College

Over the last decades, individual and groups were extremely using face to face strategy to attain a native language and make advising associated with English language learning as there were a few applications of the online platforms incorporating in some enterprises, including pedagogic institutions. In this status quo, there is the rapid implementation of these programs, especially during the outbreak of Covid-19. Nowadays, many scholars affirmed the cooperation between virtual programs and language learning as they are overlapping and go hand in hand to cope with the immediate changes across the instructive institutions. This research will outline one of the fundamental topics, which is the role of an organizational platform to mitigate literacy and elevate the learner’s language learning level. Initially, it will entirely answer the core questions in this paper: What is the virtual platform and its significance in the education field? Then, it will demonstrate a critical understanding of the significance of the online platform to promote English language learning on some contemporary theories. Later, a questionnaire will be disseminated to a group of General Foundation Program (GFP) students to collect their standpoint towards learning the English language through a virtual program. It will ultimately showcase an example of online learning applications, an initial move to a hypothesis where the two e-learning types, such as Microsoft Teams and Zoom are introduced, including a concise conversation the traits and weaknesses of each. Adding to that, the student’s perspective towards these platforms in the context of English language learning.

The Impact of the Virtual Programs in Promoting English Language Learning in the Context of Middle East College

Over the last decades, individual and groups were extremely using face to face strategy to attain a native language and make advising associated with English language learning as there were a few applications of the online platforms incorporating in some enterprises, including pedagogic institutions. In this status quo, there is the rapid implementation of these programs, especially during the outbreak of Covid-19. Nowadays, many scholars affirmed the cooperation between virtual programs and language learning as they are overlapping and go hand in hand to cope with the immediate changes across the instructive institutions. This research will outline one of the fundamental topics, which is the role of an organizational platform to mitigate literacy and elevate the learner’s language learning level. Initially, it will entirely answer the core questions in this paper: What is the virtual platform and its significance in the education field? Then, it will demonstrate a critical understanding of the significance of the online platform to promote English language learning on some contemporary theories. Later, a questionnaire will be disseminated to a group of General Foundation Program (GFP) students to collect their standpoint towards learning the English language through a virtual program. It will ultimately showcase an example of online learning applications, an initial move to a hypothesis where the two e-learning types, such as Microsoft Teams and Zoom are introduced, including a concise conversation the traits and weaknesses of each. Adding to that, the student’s perspective towards these platforms in the context of English language learning.

ABMMRS Eradicator: Improving Accuracy in Recommending Move Methods for Web-based MVC Projects and Libraries Using Method’s External Dependencies

Move Method Refactoring (MMR) is used to place highly coupled methods in appropriate classes for making source code more cohesive. Like other refactoring techniques, it is mandatory that applying MMR will preserve applications’ behaviors. However, traditional MMR techniques failed to meet this essential precondition for Action methods in web-based application and API methods in libraries projects. The reason is that applying MMR on these methods changes the behaviors of the projects by raising Application-breaking issues, for instance, failure of browser requests and compilation errors in client projects. To resolve this problem, developers are suggested to manually check Action and API methods while applying MMR. However, manually inspecting thousands of lines of code for these issues is a time-consuming and hectic task. In this paper, an advanced MMR technique is proposed which automatically identifies Application-breaking MMR suggestions. This technique first takes the initial move method suggestions from the existing prominent MMR techniques e.g. JDeodorant. For each of the suggestions, it parses the source code and construct Abstract Syntax Tree to examine two types of usage. One is whether a suggestion has not been used in any unit test and Regular Class, and another is whether the suggestion has been used in unit test classes only. If any MMR suggestion is found having one of these two types of usage or both, the respective suggestion is marked as Application-breaking. In order to evaluate the proposed technique, several experiments have been conducted on open source projects. The experimental results show that the proposed technique achieved 96.4% Precision, 90% Recall and 93.1% F-score in detecting Application-breaking MMR suggestions, because of considering external dependencies of the MMR suggestions.

Evolution of Conditional Cooperation in Prisoner's Dilemma

Conditional cooperation has been a common explanation for the observed cooperation, and its decline in social dilemma experiments. Numerous studies showed that most of the experimental subjects can be categorized into three types: conditional cooperators, self-maximizers and hump-shaped (triangle) cooperators. In this study, I investigate conditional strategy types and their role on the emergence of cooperation and their evolutionary success. For this purpose, I use an extension of the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game. The agents are characterized by their initial move and their conditional responses to each level of cooperation. By using simulations, I estimate the likelihood of cooperation for different probability of continuations.I show that, when the continuation probability is sufficiently large, high levels cooperation is achieved. In this case, the most successful strategies are those who employ an all-or-none type of conditional cooperation, followed by perfect conditional cooperators. In intermediate levels of continuation probabilities, however, hump-shaped contributor types are the ones that are most likely to thrive, followed by imperfect conditional cooperators. Those agents cooperate in a medium level of cooperation within themselves and each other. The results explain the existence of hump-shaped type of cooperators with a purely payoff-based reasoning, as opposed to previous attempts to explain this strategy with psychological mechanisms.

Self-Ruled and Self-Consecrated Ecclesiastic Schism as a Nation-Building Instrument in the Orthodox Countries of South Eastern Europe

The Orthodox concept of autocephaly, a formerly organizational and administrative measure, has been a powerful nation-building tool since the 19th century. While autocephaly could be granted—from the perspective of the Orthodox canon law—in an orderly fashion, it was often the case that a unilateral, non-canonical way towards autocephaly was sought. This usually took place when the state actors, often non-Orthodox, intervened during the nation-building process. We investigated the effects of unilateral declarations of autocephaly (through a schism) by comparing Bulgarian, Northern Macedonian, and Montenegrin examples. We contend that the best success chances are to be expected by the ecclesiastic body that is less willing to make major transgressions of the canon law, than to radicalize the situation after the initial move. This is mostly because autocephaly’s recognition requires a global acceptance within the circle of the already autocephalous churches. We also suggest that the strong political backing of the autocephaly movement can paradoxically have a negative impact on its ultimate success, as it can prolong the initial separation phase of the schism and prevent or postpone the healing phase, and with it, the fully fledged autocephaly.

Faculty Professional Development in Creating Significant Teaching and Learning Experiences Online

Teaching in the online world means a new way of delivering content that may be abstract for some professors. When teaching online, you need to take into consideration the content of the course and the methods in which the students will assimilate knowledge. Understanding the history, arguments for and against online teaching, along with the basic theory of adult learning may help the professor understand the initial move to online teaching. After the initial understanding of online delivery, there is a continued need for professional development that is applicable for the online instructor.

Is money always the most important thing? Polish construction workers in Ireland

Migrant workers in the construction industry are often taken to be motivated purely by short-term financial gains. The dramatic influx of Polish workers into the Irish building industry during the Celtic Tiger boom thus appears a clear case of economic migration. A qualitative panel study (2008–2013) which interviewed Polish construction workers through the boom and subsequent recession reveals a more complex picture. Migrants’ initial move to Ireland was sometimes motivated partly by non-financial concerns such as the desire for new experiences. When the construction industry crashed, many migrants did leave Ireland, but interviews with them back in Poland showed that family issues such as children’s education had been important. Many migrants remained in Ireland, sometimes facilitated by access to unemployment benefits. The Polish construction workers included some with technical and professional qualifications and these appear more likely to have stayed in Ireland. This decision often involved re-training for a new career and was motivated by new social relationships and a perceived better quality of life. These findings suggest that the issues raised by contemporary lifestyle migration are relevant even for some construction workers.

Antecedents to consumers’ showrooming behaviour: an integrated TAM-TPB framework

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose an integrated framework utilizing the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM) to augment the understanding on consumers’ showrooming behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Selective sampling was used for data collection. The integrated TAM-TPB framework led to 12 propositions, which were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. Findings Both perceived relative search benefits offline and relative purchase benefits online significantly determined the consumers’ showrooming behaviour along with perceived ease purchasing online and the overall usefulness of the showrooming sequence. Results of the study revealed that the showrooming sequence helped consumers avoid the regret of making suboptimal product choices and paying a higher price for the same product. Online trust was found to partially mediate the relationship between consumers’ intention to showrooming and the actual showrooming behaviour. Research limitations/implications Notwithstanding the fact that further research is required to arrive at definitive conclusions, this study is an initial move towards understanding the consumers’ showrooming behaviour, and the research provides meaningful insights. Practical implications As showrooming substantially erodes profits, devising strategies to defend showrooming customers becomes crucial. The findings of the study provide the basis for formulating strategies to counter showrooming customers. Originality/value The paper is amongst the first studies which helps enhance the understanding of consumers’ showrooming behaviour, which is an emerging area in the present multi-channel retailing environment.

Singapore-US economic ties could suffer

Subject Singapore-US relations. Significance On April 30, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong spoke with US President Donald Trump. For Trump, the call was an initial move to strengthen ties with Washington’s partners in South-east Asia amid the North Korean crisis. Lee accepted an invitation to Washington. For Singapore, the call was about gauging a new, thus far mercurial US administration which, to Singapore’s concern, has expressed protectionist trade sentiments and relatively limited detail about its foreign policy aims in East and South-east Asia. Impacts The current lack of a US ambassador to Singapore is not unprecedented and will not greatly affect bilateral relations. China-Singapore ties are warmer, but any overly assertive Chinese efforts to gain South-east Asian influence could change this. Singapore will push for a reworked version of the TPP to be devised, with Japanese leadership.