Personalizing HRI in Musical Instrument Practicing: The Influence of Robot Roles (Evaluative Versus Nonevaluative) on the Child’s Motivation for Children in Different Learning Stages

Learning to play a musical instrument involves skill learning and requires long-term practicing to reach expert levels. Research has already proven that the assistance of a robot can improve children’s motivation and performance during practice. In an earlier study, we showed that the specific role (evaluative role versus nonevaluative role) the robot plays can determine children’s motivation and performance. In the current study, we argue that the role of the robot has to be different for children in different learning stages (musical instrument expertise levels). Therefore, this study investigated whether children in different learning stages would have higher motivation when assisted by a robot in different supporting roles (i.e., evaluative role versus nonevaluative role). We conducted an empirical study in a real practice room of a music school with 31 children who were at different learning stages (i.e., beginners, developing players, and advanced players). In this study, every child practiced for three sessions: practicing alone, assisted by the evaluative robot, or assisted by the nonevaluative robot (in a random order). We measured motivation by using a questionnaire and analyzing video data. Results showed a significant interaction between condition (i.e., alone, evaluative robot, and nonevaluative robot) and learning stage groups indicating that children in different learning stage groups had different levels of motivation when practicing alone or with an evaluative or nonevaluative robot. More specifically, beginners had higher persistence when practicing with the nonevaluative robot, while advanced players expressed higher motivation after practicing with a robot than alone, but no difference was found between the two robot roles. Exploratory results also indicated that gender might have an interaction effect with the robot roles on child’s motivation in music practice with social robots. This study offers more insight into the child-robot interaction and robot role design in musical instrument learning. Specifically, our findings shed light on personalization in HRI, that is, from adapting the role of the robot to the characteristics and the development level of the user.

Humanising Housing: Exploring the relationship between the human mind, body, and architectural space

<p>Through the research and analysis of historical and architectural precedent, humanproxemic, behavioural, and psychological research, this thesis explores the potential ofimplementing evidence from these research areas in the architects’ design process forcreating residences. The aim of this evidence inclusion is to engage and enhance thewellbeing of occupants through design and the manipulation of space. The evidence isin the form of designable/iterative parameters known to influence the mind and/or bodythrough a users’ experience of space. The parameters include, proxemics, ceiling height,materiality, and connection to nature and natural light. Reimagining the essentialelements of a home separately, according to their function and use from a human-centricperspective, resulted in a modular design approach. As well as an outline of how theseparameters can be explored in design, an evaluative testing method utilising virtual reality(VR) and questionnaires has been developed and employed. The testing method attemptsto measure the impact of these parameters and their iteration on the user’s experienceof the space. The testing process revolves around the user experiencing a simulation ofthe designed spaces across iterations and answering relevant questions and ultimatelyscoring the spaces in terms of Comfort, Stimulation, Privacy, Social Connection andSpatial Balance. Scoring highly in these areas and providing a successful balance of eachfactor is the main design goal of this thesis. Achieving this goal in space is what this thesisdefines as spatial wellbeing. The main value of this design led research however comesthrough the development and findings from the testing and design processes. The aimwas to create a system that allows a more personally (user) responsive residentialarchitecture to be developed, and to overcome the abyss that sometimes exists betweenan architect’s design on paper, and the built home of a client. This design-based researchaddresses the role design plays in domestic architecture’s ability to improve peoples’wellbeing.</p>

Humanising Housing: Exploring the relationship between the human mind, body, and architectural space

<p>Through the research and analysis of historical and architectural precedent, humanproxemic, behavioural, and psychological research, this thesis explores the potential ofimplementing evidence from these research areas in the architects’ design process forcreating residences. The aim of this evidence inclusion is to engage and enhance thewellbeing of occupants through design and the manipulation of space. The evidence isin the form of designable/iterative parameters known to influence the mind and/or bodythrough a users’ experience of space. The parameters include, proxemics, ceiling height,materiality, and connection to nature and natural light. Reimagining the essentialelements of a home separately, according to their function and use from a human-centricperspective, resulted in a modular design approach. As well as an outline of how theseparameters can be explored in design, an evaluative testing method utilising virtual reality(VR) and questionnaires has been developed and employed. The testing method attemptsto measure the impact of these parameters and their iteration on the user’s experienceof the space. The testing process revolves around the user experiencing a simulation ofthe designed spaces across iterations and answering relevant questions and ultimatelyscoring the spaces in terms of Comfort, Stimulation, Privacy, Social Connection andSpatial Balance. Scoring highly in these areas and providing a successful balance of eachfactor is the main design goal of this thesis. Achieving this goal in space is what this thesisdefines as spatial wellbeing. The main value of this design led research however comesthrough the development and findings from the testing and design processes. The aimwas to create a system that allows a more personally (user) responsive residentialarchitecture to be developed, and to overcome the abyss that sometimes exists betweenan architect’s design on paper, and the built home of a client. This design-based researchaddresses the role design plays in domestic architecture’s ability to improve peoples’wellbeing.</p>

Features and perceptions of a critical care outreach physician role

OBJECTIVE: To describe the tasks completed by the critical care outreach physician (CCOP) and staff perceptions of the CCOP role. DESIGN: Prospective observational study and survey of intensive care unit (ICU) staff. SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: ICU consultants, registrars and nurses. INTERVENTIONS: Implementing a dedicated ICU consultant to review deteriorating patients outside the ICU. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prospective collection of CCOP tasks and survey of ICU staff. RESULTS: During 101 clinical shifts, the CCOP had 1524 encounters (mean, 15.1 [standard deviation, 6.1]; median, 14 [interquartile range, 10–19] per day). The three commonest interventions were emergency department visits, direct consultant communication, and coordinating ICU admissions. Involvement in Medical Emergency Team (MET) calls, expediting patient care, and goals of care discussions were also relatively common. Survey responses were obtained from 55/84 (66%) eligible participants. Most respondents thought the CCOP would improve the predefined processes of care and patient-centred outcomes. The areas of greatest perceived benefit included supporting the MET registrar and coordinating simultaneous emergencies outside the ICU. Areas where the role was perceived to be less beneficial included improving handover, identifying patients at clinical risk outside the ICU, and reducing repeat MET calls. CONCLUSIONS: The tasks of a CCOP involved high level communication, coordination of care, and supervision of ICU staff. The effect of this role on patient-centred outcomes requires further research.

MAINTAINABILITY, DESIGN PROCESSES AND BUILDING SERVICES -A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED BUILDINGS IN THE RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY

The paper examines the issues of building maintenance of public buildings from an architectural design-based perspective.It considered the critical role design plays in achieving the optimal functionality of building services throughout the building life span. Design related elements and components which facilitate maintainability are discussed. Institutional buildings at the university in their current state are considered against these dimensions. The research adopts a case study/ review approach. The study focused on multi-story structures existing in the university. Findings of the study reveal poor considerations for maintainability in design processes, resulting in inefficiency of building services on a large scale.

Designing for a pandemic: towards recovery and resilience

Design is recognized as a discipline that is ideally placed to work across boundaries to tackle wicked problems and help cope with uncertainty. As humanity continues to become more interconnected it is thought that we are becoming more exposed to viruses such as COVID-19. Therefore, the current pandemic offers us opportunities to re-think and re-design many of our practices to ensure we are resilient in future similar crises . Through the creation and analysis of a database that captures design interventions that have emerged during the pandemic, the paper considers the role design can play in collectively recovering from the current pandemic and building resilience for the future. Whilst the findings represent the beginning of this process, (from late March until June 2020) we find that design has been deployed in a wide range of ways and on all scales, from the personal, communal, organizational, national and international. However, as we live through and emerge from the pandemic we should reflect, within the realm of design research and beyond, on how we might harness design to enable recovery and build resilience for the future.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE INDEPENDENCE IN CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE THROUGH CASE TECHNOLOGIES

The article reveals modern approaches to the concept of «cognitive independence» and defines the main components of the formation of cognitive independence in older preschool children.Based on the analysis of scientific research, the definition of «case technologies» as applied in a kindergarten is given. A model for the development of cognitive independence in older preschool children has been developed using case technologies. It defines the main goal and the underlying objectives arising from the goal. The content of the model presents the main typesof cases: photo cases, case illustrations, role design. The authors substantiated scientific approaches, principles, requirements for the use of case technologies in preschool education. Recommendations are given on the use of various types of case technologies in the classroom on fiction, the formation of elementary mathematical concepts and familiarization with the surrounding world. Shown are diagnostic techniques aimed at determining the level of cognitive independence in older preschool children.

Pedagogical Contextualisation and Integration Challenges for Organisation Development in India: Cultural Wisdom and Rational Modernity in Organisations

Since the 1970s, Indian organisations adopted the new and imported thrust of management knowledge, orientations, practices and systems. But much of what was imported did not take root, as it did not take into account the latent level of emotional and social universe of Indian managers in which their manifest behaviour is grounded. The role design is based on a picture of the organisation that is drawn from the West, and worse still, its models were colonial. It is dysfunctional for the individual, untenable for society and disempowering for the organisation. Indic wisdom has venerated the quintessential Arjuna. In reawakening and valuing this cultural heritage of ours lies our ability to shape a future free of colonial hangovers and envy of Western ways of being. It is only by awakening the Arjuna power and fostering a deep dialogue that we are going to be able to find creative and regenerative ways of living.

ДЖЕРЕЛО СТВОРЕННЯ АСОЦІАТИВНОГО ОБРАЗУ В ДИЗАЙНІ

Under today’s conditions in Ukraine a process of a new information-driven society creation is observed, where design plays a prominent role. Design appeared at the intersection of science, technology and art; it is implemented in different social systems and conforms to social and natural laws. Under today’s circumstances design is creativeness, which always has its place in people’s activity and is defined as an important cultural phenomenon, performing different cultural functions. The aim of the article is the definition of artistic-expressive means role in the artistic image creation in design, determination of Design Olympiad role for creative thinking cultivation and occupational skills in future specialists.The holding of the All-Ukrainian Student Olympiad on Design in Ukrainian higher educational establishments has already become a constant, important, time-consuming event. Such an event contributes to revealing of students’ professional abilities, establishing creative and friendly relations among art educational establishments of Ukraine, enables to decide the winners among the most talented participants and, thus it helps to select students for participation in International Olympiads on Design. Since 2012 on the basis of Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Fine Arts, which became the main establishment, the All-Ukrainian Olympiad on Design has been held, gaining popularity and significance: more and more educational establishments are involved, the number of participants is growing together with the quality of their creative efforts. The Olympiad programme consists of two stages and determines each of them. In 2019 the purpose of this event was the knowledge evaluation, skills and students’ design thinking level as well as their creative manner. The task was aimed at new creative solutions, activation and imagination in student designers of different specialties, enrichment of design culture, outlook broadening with the objective of original and perspective innovative design conceptions generation. Whereas art higher educational establishment teachers’ task is to help the modern youth see beauty and direct their activity to create magnificent and eternal images.