Jerusalem Artichoke as a Fodder Crop for Food Security Solutions

Being a valuable source of inulin, fructose and pectin, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is one of the most promising bioenergy crops for common usage. Animals have been reported to eat both Jerusalem artichoke green mass and tubers with pleasure. On the one hand, Jerusalem artichoke is cultivated on the area of about 3 thousand hectares in Russia. On the other hand, there are more than 200 crop species. So it is critical to choose a proper variety suitable both for soil and climatic conditions. The purpose of the research is to study Jerusalem artichoke, taking into account varietal characteristics appropriate for forage production. Research objects – varieties of Jerusalem artichoke: early ripening Skorospelka (RF); mid-early Vylgortskiy (RF); mid-season Dieticheskiy (RF), Kaluzhskiy (RF), Korenevskiy (RF), Nadezhda (RF), Nakhodka (RF), Podmoskovniy (RF), Sireniki (RB), Blank Brekos (France), Violet de Rense (France); late ripening Interest (RF), Interest 21 (RF), Novosti VIRa (RF), Tadzhikskiy Krasniy (USSR), Spindle (Germany). The soil for evaluating Jerusalem artichoke varieties was from experimental plot base "Korenevo". It is characterized as sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam. The field trial was established and the records and observations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the field experiment methodology (1985), and the Program and methodology for evaluating Jerusalem artichoke varieties in test nurseries (2014). The varieties Vylgortskiy, Dieticheskiy, Nadezhda, Nakhodka, Sireniki, Skorospelka, Blank Brekos and Kaluzhskiy were found to reach due height of 155 - 170 cm at the end of the growing season; the varieties Podmoskovniy, Interest reached proper height of 175 - 208 cm; the varieties Interest 21, Tadzhikskiy and Violet de Rense were about 220 - 235 cm in hight; as for the varieties Korenevskiy, Novost VIRa, Spindlу their hight was 270 - 280 cm. According to aggregate amount of feed units per 1 ha, the following varieties have been shown to be the most reasonable for fodder production: Novost VIRa (22,438 fodder units), Nadezhda (19,928 fodder units), Korenevskiy (17,798 fodder units), Shpindle (16,887 fodder units), Dieticheskiy (16,395 fodder units), and Interest (16,116 fodder units). The highest total coefficient of energy efficiency has been found in the following varieties: Novost VIRa – 3.09, Tadzhikskiy – 2.78; Spindle – 2.68; Korenevskiy – 2.43; Interest – 2.10; Skorospelka – 1.98. The results of experimental and theoretical studies obtained were verified on-the-farm conditions based on a seed-speciality farm LLC Kaluga-Agro (the Kaluga region) and demonstrated beneficial effect.

Evaluation of Yield Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties with Varied Dates of Planting under North Central Plateau Zone (NCPZ) of Odisha

Aim: To identify the proper variety and suitable date of planting of potato for North Central Plateau Zone (NCPZ) of Odisha. Study Design: The experiment was laid in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out at Field Experimental Block, Regional research and Technology Transfer Station (RRTTS), Keonjhar, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha. The investigation was conducted during rabi-2015-16 and rabi-2016-17. Methodology: There were four high yielding potato genotypes used as sub-factor for the study such as V1: Kufri Jyoti, V2: Kufri Surya, V3: Kufri Ashoka and V4: Kufri Pukhraj. The materials were planted in three different dates (D1: 15th November, D2: 25th November and D3: 5th December) as main-factor to identify the superior variety with suitable dates of planting. Results: The results of pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) shown that the genotypes had significant differences for the dates of planting on yield. Higher tuber yield was recorded in the variety Kufri Pukhraj in both rabi-2015-16 (28.37 t ha-1) and rabi-2016-17 (35.53 t ha-1) along with higher mean yield (31.95 t ha-1). All the varieties have higher yield when planted on D1 (15th November) as compared to the other two date of planting. Conclusion: The varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had a considerable influence on yield and its attributes. In this investigation, Kufri Pukhraj was identified as higher yielder and 15th November was found best suitable planting date for north central plateau zone of Odisha, as this date given higher yield as compared to the other two dated of plating. Therefore, if a specific window of date of planting can be ascertained to the farmers of this region then it would help to cultivate potato exactly when the climatic conditions are favorable for its growth and ultimately to get a high crop yield.

Impact of drought stress on biochemical responses, energy, and water productivity on maize forage (Zea mays L.)

Drought stress is the most important limiting factor in crop plants including maize (Zea mays L.), which is the third important world crop after wheat and rice. To examine the quantity and quality of forage as well as energy and water productivity of two maize varieties to drought stress, a field experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a completely randomized block design with three replications in Isfahan, Iran, during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The main and sub-plots were three irrigation regimes (100%, 80, and 60% full irrigation) and two maize varieties (704 and Maxima), respectively. Data analysis showed that drought stress harmed wet and dry forage yield and energy productivity, while its effect was positive on some forage quality such as ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose free cell wall (ADF), and lignin (ADL). Based on results, drought stress of 60% full irrigation resulted in reduced wet and dry forage maize yields. In addition, drought stress affected relationships among measured traits. According to increasing dried fodder and decreasing output energy under stress conditions, early mature variety Maxima is more proper to be used under drought stress. Besides, the Maxima variety was shown to be a suitable variety due to increasing dry matter and crude protein as well as decrease ADF and ADL than the 704 variety. Article Highlights We submit an original research article entitled Effect of water stress on forage yield and quality and water and energy productivity in Maize (Zea mays L.). In this paper, we indicated regarding to impacts of climate change phenomenon throughout the world on crop production, especially in arid regions such as Iran, choosing proper variety can be one of the best candidates to provide for forage. The results of present paper have shown that the drought stress had no effect on water productivity of two maize varieties. The superiority of some forage quality traits in drought stress compared to the control in maize means that in drought conditions, maize forage can be used and increase the profitability of livestock products.

Rating of Spring Wheat Varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) According to Their Suitability for Organic Agriculture

The selection of a proper variety is one of the main factors influencing the quantity and quality of cereal grain yield in organic agriculture. The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of 13 varieties of spring wheat for cultivation in organic farming according to their competitive potential against weeds, susceptibility to fungal diseases and grain yield. Due to the large share of cereals in organic farms both in Poland and in Europe, the research results could be applied by organic farming system farmers and advisors. High-yielding varieties in the organic system were: KWS Torridon, Kandela, Arabella, Zadra and Waluta. The KWS Torridon and Kandela varieties were resistant to fungal pathogens infestation, while Brawura, Izera, Korynta and Ostka Smolicka showed the highest infestation rate. Ethos variety yields were the lowest due to its low plant density, with a high weed infestation rate. The wheat yields proved to be significantly correlated with plant density and the thousand grain weight, but no significant negative effects of weed infestation and pathogen infestation were found. A synthesis of the three-year results showed that the varieties most useful for organic farming were: Arabella, KWS Torridon, Kandela, Katoda, Waluta and Zadra.

Corrigendum: Around -independence

We correct the proof of the main $\ell$-independence result of the above-mentioned paper by showing that for any smooth and proper variety over an equicharacteristic local field, there exists a globally defined such variety with the same ($p$-adic and $\ell$-adic) cohomology.

Constraints on the cohomological correspondence associated to a self map

In this paper we establish some constraints on the eigenvalues for the action of a self map of a proper variety on its$\ell$-adic cohomology. The essential ingredients are a trace formula due to Fujiwara, and the theory of weights.

Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai (Capsicum sp.) yang diberi pupuk hayati pada pertanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TBM I.

ABSTRAK Penerapan sistem tanam tumpangsari pada tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM) kelapa sawit merupakan upaya optimalisasi lahan. Pada TBM I terdapat 75 % ruang terbuka yang dapat ditanami tanaman sela, misalnya tanaman cabai. Tanaman sawit umumnya ditanam pada lahan marginal, maka untuk optimasi pertumbuhan tanaman sela perlu dipilih varietas yang baik dan dilakukan pemupukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengaruh interaksi terbaik varietas dan dosis pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai yang ditanam pada pertanaman kelapa sawit TBM 1. Percobaan dilakukan mulai Oktober 2017 sampai Pebruari 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas padjadjaran. Ordo tanah inceptisol. Tipe curah hujan C menurut klasifikasi Schmidt dan Ferguson, ketinggian tempat ± 780 m dpl. Rancangan menggunakan Split plot design, varietas sebagai main plot terdiri atas dua taraf, yaitu CK5 dan CB2 dan dosis pupuk hayati sebagai sub plot terdiri atas enam taraf, yaitu 0, 50, 100,150, 200 dan 250 mL/tanaman. Setiap perlakuan diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai dipengaruhi secara mandiri maupun interaksi varietas dan dosis pupuk hayati. Pada CK5 taraf dosis pupuk hayati 200 mL/tanaman menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, lebar kanopi dan jumlah cabang yang lebih baik. Pada CB2, taraf dosis 150 mL/tanaman memberikan pengaruh interaksi lebih baik. Secara mandiri, dosis pupuk hayati 150 mL/tanaman menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada tinggi tanaman, lebar kanopi, jumlah cabang, bobot dan jumlah buah tanaman cabai, sementara untuk varietas CK5 menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, panjang dan jumlah buah yang lebih baik dibanding CB2.Kata kunci : Tumpangsari, varietas cabai, pupuk hayati. ABSTRACT Intercropping system on immature plant of oil palm is an alternative cropping system to reach land optimization. In immature oil palm plantation there is 75% uncover space among the crops which could be used for cultivating annual crops. Generally, oil palm is cultivated on marginal land, so that to optimize the growth of annual crop is needed proper variety and fertilization. The objective of this research was to get the best interaction effect among variety and dosage of organic fertilizer at year 1 immature palm. The experiment was conducted at experimental station of Agricultural Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran from Oct 2017 to Feb. 2018, it used of split plot. Variety was a main plot with two level namely: CK5 and CB2, the dosage of organic fertilizer was a sub plot with six level namely: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mL of organic fertilizer. All treatments were repeated for four times. The growth and yield of chili crop were affected independently by variety or fertilizer dosage even by interaction of both. CK5 and 200 mL of fertilizer showed better on plant height, canopy width, and number of branch, whereas interaction effect of CB2 and 150 mL of fertilizer showed the best on plant growth. Independent effect of organic fertilizer of 150 mL affected on plant height, canopy width, branch number, fruits number and weight of chill crop. Independent effect of variety of CK5 showed better than of CB2 on plant height, fruit number and yield.Keywords : Intercropping, Chili Variety, Organic Fertilizer

Duality for relative logarithmic de Rham–Witt sheaves and wildly ramified class field theory over finite fields

In order to study$p$-adic étale cohomology of an open subvariety$U$of a smooth proper variety$X$over a perfect field of characteristic$p>0$, we introduce new$p$-primary torsion sheaves. It is a modification of the logarithmic de Rham–Witt sheaves of$X$depending on effective divisors$D$supported in$X-U$. Then we establish a perfect duality between cohomology groups of the logarithmic de Rham–Witt cohomology of$U$and an inverse limit of those of the mentioned modified sheaves. Over a finite field, the duality can be used to study wildly ramified class field theory for the open subvariety$U$.

Evaluating economic value properties of different beetroot varieties

The root vegetables have a pivotal role in the vegetable consumption and to form a healthy diet. The consumption of natural juices, like apple-beetroot are becoming more popular and the drying-, the pharmaceutical- and canning industry require more beetroot to process. For the processing, the industry requires easily peeled and round shaped roots, therefore to use the proper variety is very important. The primary quality parameters are the inner color intensity, uniform color and water soluble dry matter content.4 beetroot varieties were evaluated (Libero, Rubin, Detroit 2 and Cylindra) in the 3 years experiment which was carried out at the University of Debrecen, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Botanical and Exhibiton Garden. The soil type was calcareous chernozem. Leaf length, shape index and water soluble solid content were measured, and sensory evaluation was carried out on taste, inner color intensity and white ring.To summarize, we can state the exception of Rubin genotype all of the varieties are suitable for second cultivation and good for processing (canned, juice, powder).

Nutrition reaction of different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bred in Karcag

In our study the nutrition reaction of four varieties of winter wheat (KG Bendegúz, KG Kunhalom, KG Kunkapitány, KG Széphalom) has been investigated. In the experiment the effect of twenty different nutrition doses on the yield and thousand kernel weight of the wheat varieties has been studied. Significant difference could be figured out among the yield and thousand kernel weight of the wheat varieties, so the choice of the proper variety determines the quantity of yield. KG Kunkapitány had the highest yield, while KG Széphalom had the highest thousand kernel weight in the experiments. Investigating the effect of the nutrients on the yield the conclusion was that all nitrogen doses had significant yield increasing effect compared to the untreated plots, but among the 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 doses there was no statistical difference. In the case of phosphorus the 40 kg ha-1 dose showed statistically verifiable increase of the yield, while potassium doses have no influence on the yields. The thousand kernel weights reached the maximum values where the highest nutrient doses were applied.