Integrated mRNA, MicroRNA Transcriptome and Degradome Analyses Provide Insights into Stamen Development in Moso Bamboo

A flower is an essential organ for sexual reproduction in flowering plants, which has been extensively studied in model plants. In this study, we used transcriptomic, small RNA and degradome analyses to characterize key microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets in floral organs of moso bamboo. In total, we identified 13,051 differentially expressed genes and 109 known miRNAs from 26 miRNA families. We aligned the miRNAs to known miRNA databases and revealed some conserved as well as novel miRNAs. Sixteen conserved miRNAs were specifically and highly expressed in stamens, including miRNA159 and miRNA166. In situ hybridization shows that miRNA159 plays a key role in the regulation of stamen development, and the expression levels of its targets PheMYB98 and PheMYB42 were low. Furthermore, Phe-MIRNA159 partially recovers phenotypes of mir159ab double mutant. Overexpression of Phe-MIR159 could cause failure in anther dehisce, and the mature pollens could not be dispersed and further reduce fertility in Arabidopsis. Semi-thin section result shows that anther endothelial layer of Phe-MIRNA159 overexpressing lines is lack of secondary thickening, resulting in limited force for anther opening. Phe-miR159 may regulate the expression of genes related to secondary thickening through negative regulation of AtMYB33, affecting the anther dehiscence. Taken together, this study provides insights regarding molecular networks underlying floral organs development of moso bamboo.

BIMODAL INPUT IN TEACHING LISTENING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

The objective of this study was to see whether bimodal input (audio and its tape-script) can increase students’ listening comprehension in TOEIC listening section. Three groups of freshmen were involved in this study. Before the experiment began, three groups took the same TOEIC listening pre-test. They were selected and put into three groups with roughly equal level based on pre-test scores. All of the three groups trained in the same listening comprehension skills and strategies, and after that they did the same TOEIC listening post-test. There were two experimental groups, one group was shown the tape-script during the listening exercises) and the other experimental group was provided tape-script in the post listening comprehension practices, while the control is not shown the tape-script at all. By using a projector, presentation slides of tape-script were shown to the two experimental groups, one group was exposed the tape-script and at the same time the students were reading the script, and the other group was exposed with the tape-script after they finished listening, in order to check and analyze some parts in the listening to make sure about they heard and to see the relevant information needed. The pre-test and post-test comparisons showed that all three groups performed better as indicated by the increase of the listening comprehension scores in the post test, so it may show that each group is eager to learn the language. Each has to deal with the test which consists of 100 questions broken down into four parts, photographs, questions and responses, conversations, and talks. The writer does not specify the results based on each part, but on basis of the whole listening section result instead.

The Influence of PBL Teaching Mode on Critical Thinking Ability for Non-English Majors under Network Environment

In order to explore the effect of PBL teaching mode on the cultivation of critical thinking ability for non-English majors, this paper uses case analysis method to explain the process of applying PBL teaching mode to non-English Majors’ College English course teaching, namely, preparation questions stage before class, classroom activity stage and classroom reflection section. Result: before teaching, there was no statistical difference between the two groups of students’ CTDI-CV score and the scores of each item (P > 0.05). After teaching, the total scores of CTDI-CV items in the test group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The experiment shows that the PBL teaching mode is superior to the LBL teaching mode, which is conducive to improving students’ critical thinking ability.

Experimental and Numerical Determination of Wind Pressure Distribution on an Object with Atypical Form

This paper deals with solution of air flowing around the object - atypical cross section. Result is an important parameter of pressure coefficient on the structure, what is necessary for design of buildings and structures in terms of wind load calculations. Wind tunnel measurements of wind flow and wind pressures distribution around part of the circle were performed in BLWT STU in Bratislava for 24 wind directions and different wind speeds. Measurements were performed using pressure scanner DSA 3217 (Scanivalve) and have shown significant differences between peaks of suction due to wind direction. These results were used for comparison with CFD calculations of flow around the section. This comparison of known pressure coefficient for atypical shape of cross section is the first step for testing other shapes, which are not described in Eurocode.

Ultrasonic Testing Numerical Simulation of Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipeline Welding Cladding

In the paper, ultrasonic testing of austenitic stainless steel pipeline welding cladding is stimulated based on ultrasonic testing software CIVA. The result shows that the frequency is higher; the sensitivity on small defect testing is higher. When cylindrical defect with length of 6mm and diameter of 2mm is detected, the frequency is higher, the tested length-section result is more accurate, and the width-section (i.e., diameter) is not affected. The optimum frequency scope for testing the defect should be between 5MHz and 10MHz.

Research on Temperature Difference Controlling of Hot Rolling H-Beam

Complex shape of H-beam section and uneven elimination of heat on the section result in too big temperature difference between web and flange. At the same time,as the roller cooling water forms tank on H-beam web, the section temperature difference further increases. Based on finite element analysis software DEFORM-3D, the FEM model of finished product size of H194×150×6×9 is established. Thermo-mechanical coupled method is adopted to simulate the rolling process of H-beam. The cooling water influence on section temperature distribution, equivalent stress and strain distribution is analyzed. The section temperature change characteristic are studied to provide reference for further research.

“True” versus “apparent” stage I epithelial ovarian cancer: value of frozen section analysis

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the clinical benefits of introducing peroperative frozen section analysis into the surgical management policy of women referred with an adnexal mass suspicious of ovarian cancer. All women surgically managed at the Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK, between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003, where frozen section analysis had been utilized were included for analysis. Correlation was determined between cases surgically staged following the frozen section result and the clinical need for staging based on the pathologic diagnosis from the paraffin section. During the 12-month period, 130 women underwent frozen section analysis. Paraffin section diagnoses included 74 benign tumors, 11 borderline tumors, 34 primary epithelial cancers, 5 nonepithelial cancers, and 6 metastatic tumors. All primary epithelial ovarian cancers were correctly identified as requiring a staging procedure based on the frozen section result. Four of seventy-four cases reported as benign on frozen section analysis were underdiagnosed; two were later diagnosed on paraffin section as borderline tumors and a further two as malignant (one low-grade adenosarcoma and one primary peritoneal cancer). Of the 130 cases, 55 (42.3%) underwent a staging procedure based on the frozen section result. The value of frozen section analysis in determining the need for the performance of a staging procedure had the following statistical test results: sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 88%, positive predictive value = 82%, and negative predictive value = 95%. Excluding the borderline tumors, metastatic tumors, and primary peritoneal tumor where staging did not impact subsequent clinical management, the statistical test results for frozen section analysis in determining the need for a staging procedure were sensitivity = 97%, specificity = 95%, positive predictive value = 90%, and negative predictive value = 99%. The clinical benefits of introducing frozen section analysis in the surgical staging policy of women with an adnexal mass suspicious of ovarian malignancy included avoidance of a surgical staging procedure in 95% of cases identified on paraffin section analysis to be benign. This benefit was without compromising the avoidance of chemotherapy in true stage I epithelial ovarian cancer cases. Additional benefits included the confirmation of malignancy where extraovarian lesions were suggestive but not indicative of malignant disease, and the intraoperative identification of metastatic disease of nonovarian origin.

Accuracy of frozen-section analysis in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors: a systematic quantitative review

A quantitative systematic review was performed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of frozen sections in ovarian tumors. Studies that compared frozen sections and paraffin sections within subjects for diagnosis of ovarian tumors were included. Fourteen primary studies were analyzed, which included 3 659 women. For benign ovarian vs borderline/malignant tumor cases, the occurrence of a positive frozen-section result for benignity (pooled likelihood ratio [LR], 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3–10.4) and posttest probability for benign diagnosis was 95% (95% CI, 94–96%). A positive frozen-section result for malignant vs benign diagnosis (pooled LR, 303; 95% CI, 101–605) increased the probability of ovarian cancer to 98% (95% CI, 97–99%). In borderline vs benign ovarian tumor cases, a positive frozen-section result (pooled LR, 69; 95% CI, 45–106) increased the probability of borderline tumors to 79% (95% CI, 71–85%). In borderline vs malignant ovarian tumor cases, a positive frozen-section result (pooled LR, 18; 95% CI, 13–26) increased the probability of borderline tumors to 51% (95% CI, 42–60%). We conclude that diagnostic accuracy rates for frozen-section analysis is high for malignant and benign ovarian tumors, but the accuracy rates in borderline tumors remain relatively low.