Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic tool for the evaluation of laryngeal carcinoma

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of the study was to review the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic tool in carcinoma larynx.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who were fulfilling inclusion criteria after screening were selected for study. On the basis of cutoff pretreatment NLR (&lt;3 or &gt;3) divided into two groups high pretreatment NLR and low pretreatment NLR. Patient undergo chemo or radiotherapy and at the end of follow up these two group NLR were compared with tumor negative prognostic score, survival at the end of follow up, resolving of symptoms, staging change, tumor regression and overall prognosis at the end of follow up were assessed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Mean value of tumor negative prognostic score of early carcinoma with low NLR, early carcinoma with high NLR, late carcinoma with low NLR and late carcinoma with High NLR were 13.833±2.80, 24.04±4.5538, 37.833±8.68 and 55.33±6.429 respectively. 10 (17.5%) patients with high NLR show more than 50% tumor regression while 17 (29.82%) with high NLR show &lt;50% tumor regression. 26 (45.61%) patients with low NLR show &gt;50% tumor regression and 4 (7.01%) show &lt;50% tumor regression.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was concluded in our study that pretreatment NLR is an acceptable prognostic tool in carcinoma larynx. High NLR was associated with poor prognosis and low NLR was associated with better prognosis.</p>

Identification and Validation of New Cancer Stem Cell-Related Genes and Their Regulatory microRNAs in Colorectal Cancerogenesis

Significant progress has been made in the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer stem cells (CSC) have gained much attention and are now believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including CRC. In the current study, we validated gene expression of four genes related to CSC, L1TD1, SLITRK6, ST6GALNAC1 and TCEA3, identified in a previous bioinformatics analysis. Using bioinformatics, potential miRNA-target gene correlations were prioritized. In total, 70 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 47 patients with adenoma, adenoma with early carcinoma and CRC without and with lymph node metastases were included. The expression of selected genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Differential expression of all investigated genes and four of six prioritized miRNAs (hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-425-5p, hsa-miR-1225-3p, hsa-miR-1233-3p and hsa-miR-1303) was found in at least one group of CRC cancerogenesis. L1TD1, SLITRK6, miR-1233-3p and miR-1225-3p were correlated to the level of malignancy. A negative correlation between miR-199a-3p and its predicted target SLITRK6 was observed, showing potential for further experimental validation in CRC. Our results provide further evidence that CSC-related genes and their regulatory miRNAs are involved in CRC development and progression and suggest that some them, particularly miR-199a-3p and its SLITRK6 target gene, are promising for further validation in CRC.

Various treatment options of early carcinoma buccal mucosa involving commissure: a tertiary care centre experience of six years

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common cancer of the oral cavity in India and involvement of commissure poses unique challenge in reconstruction after surgery. Aim was to analyse the demographics, presentations and various treatment options of early carcinoma buccal mucosa involving oral commissure.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective review from clinical case records at our institution between 2014 and 2019 were analysed. All the cases recruited were analysed based on patient characteristics, clinical presentation, surgical and adjuvant therapy rendered. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 software. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 40 patients of primary carcinoma buccal mucosa with T1 to T3 disease involving commissure were analysed. Median age of presentation was 51 years with male preponderance (24:16). 32 patients were offered surgery as the initial line of management and 8 received definitive radiotherapy. The estimated 5-year survival was around 30%. Two patients with clinically T2 disease were upstaged in the postoperative histopathology to T3 and T4a respectively one due to depth of invasion &gt;10 mm and the other owing to commissural skin involvement detected only in the final HPE.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early carcinoma of the buccal mucosa clinically extending from commissure poses unique challenges in choosing treatment modalities. In view of the location of the tumour it poses a small chance of upstaging of early disease in the final histopathology.</p>

(Epi)genetic regulation of osteopontin in colorectal cancerogenesis

Aim: To identify (epi)genetic regulators of osteopontin (OPN, encoded by SPP1 gene) from normal colon mucosa to adenoma, adenoma with early carcinoma and advanced carcinoma. Patients & methods: Biopsy samples of 41 patients with different patohistologic diagnosis were used. Using qPCR, pyrosequencing and statistical analysis, we determined the expression level of osteopontin regulatory miRNAs, its copy number and methylation status. Results & conclusion: We showed that hsa-miR-146a-5p expression is inversely proportional to the expression level of SPP1 and that expression might be also controlled by copy number and methylation. These results suggest that not only expression of SPP1 but also its copy number, methylation status and expression of its regulators might be used as a potential biomarker of colorectal cancer.

Outcome of Surgery and Radiotherapy as Treatment of Early Laryngeal Cancer

Background: Carcinoma of the larynx is the most common cancer affecting the head and neck region. Among the different stages of this disease, early cancer (T1T2N0M0) has greater possibility of cure. Its modalities of treatment are surgery and radiotherapy. Methods: The study was done to compare between outcome of surgery and radiotherapy in early carcinoma larynx T1N0 catagory only. 60 cases of early carcinoma larynx were selected purposive sampling technique from all the patients of carcinoma larynx admitted into Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University,Dhaka; Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka; Taqwah Specialized Hospital, Dhaka from January 2010 to June 2011. Results. Study showed 16.67% of the radiotherapy group had a primary site recurrence compared with 20.0% in the surgery group at 12th months (p = 0.59) and 6.67% of those who were treated with irradiation had a recurrence in the neck. 16.67% of patients in the surgery group had a recurrence in the neck (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in primary site recurrence rates for the two treatment modalities, but regional recurrence was higher in the surgery group. Regarding speech and voice quality, radiotherapy was far superior to surgery. All patients in the radiotherapy group but only 3 of 10 in the surgery group had good or normal voice (p = .0017). Conclusions: Both surgery and irradiation are equally effective in treating early laryngeal carcinoma but Speech and voice quality were significantly better in patients treated by radiotherapy than those treated by surgery. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2019; 25(1): 34-40