A FRAMEWORK FOR MEASURING GEOSPATIAL AMENITY ACCESSIBILITY IN THE PHILIPPINES

With rapid urbanization, Philippine urban planners and the government face concerns on attaining economic growth and development amidst the growing spatial inequality to social infrastructures, housing imbalances, and inadequate services to urban dwellers. A necessary step to mitigate these issues is to study spatial characteristics with adequate and robust data, which is hardly available in developing countries. In line with this, the paper introduces a framework for measuring geospatial amenity accessibility, using Hansen’s gravitation model with the acquired amenities data from OpenStreetMap implemented as Project OHANA (Open-source Heatmap and Analytics for Nationwide Amenities Accessibility in the Philippines). Amenity accessibility findings are discussed for the Philippine regions and disaggregated analysis for the National Capital Region. Validations are made through observations and related literature. To further highlight the applicability of incorporating amenity accessibility data, two use cases were made: (1) on the local government revenue and amenity accessibility relationship, and (2) on concerns to equity of health amenity accessibility across the elderly population. While the findings match with country observations and related literature, the researchers suggest further enhancement of the framework through incorporation of demand and weight factors, and refinements to data inputs and processing to improve the accuracy of analyses.

Interpolation and Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of Global Earth Gravity Models Based on GPS and Orthometric Heights in the Middle of Iraq

The regions around the world need to perform their results based on the local geoid. However, each region has different ground topography based on the amount of gravity in this region. Nowadays, the recent global Earth's gravity model of 2008 is successfully used for different purposes in geosciences research. This research presents an overview of the preliminary evaluation results of the new Earth Gravitation Model (EGM08) in the middle of Iraq. For completeness, the evaluation tests were also performed for EGM96 by examining 31 stations distributed over four Iraqi provinces. The national orthometric heights were compared with the GPS /leveling data obtained from these stations. This study illustrated that the GPS /leveling based on EGM08 data was better than that based on EGM96 data in terms of reducing the root mean square error (RMSE) of the differences between the orthometric heights and GPS/leveling data. The standard deviation (SD) values for the national orthometric heights and GPS heights were about 4 and 26cm, respectively. The results also show that there is a small difference in hight ranged (0.0013 - 0.1333 m) in Karbala, (0.0023 – 0.0062 m), in Najaf and (0.0173 – 0.0703 m), in Babylon. Due to the flat area, better results were obtained in Karbala and Najaf than Babylon. The EGM08 geoid method has shown to yield very close results to reality for various projects, thus its accuracy is acceptable.

Gravity & Matter Quantum Behaviour from Accelerations, during Electric discharges into Graphite-Based Superconductor

We observe propelling accelerations of a half-kilogram size matter mass, during low energy electric discharges, into a patented “Space Electric Thruster” named “Emitter”. This device is made of a Graphite-based, partially superconducting material, at laboratory temperature, and metallic conductors. That emitter propels from theoretically predicted interaction, and emission, of Gravitational Quanta, bearing a momentum, so without ejecting matter particles in Space. From accelerations values measured, with different electric energies, two discharge directions, and three propelling directions, versus the Earth Gravity acceleration direction, we measure the amplitude of several previously unknown phenomena. (i) Quantum nature of Earth Gravity. (ii) Propagation direction of Earth Gravity Quanta. (iii) Expansion of atomic lattice in emitter materials, pushed by Gravitational Quanta. (iiii) Push of free electrons, from the electric powering currents, by Gravitational Quanta. These phenomena confirm predictions from the Inertia and Gravitation model we proposed, and we used to develop our emitters. Same model predicts the observed constant orbital velocity of stars into galaxies, without any Dark Matter mass. And it predicts physical phenomena, observed in our laboratory and published, with another kind of emitter, at cryogenic temperature, during electric discharges.

Hierarchia i relacje miast w województwie lubuskim

In socio-economic geography any regional settlement system makes one of its majorfactors of development. It is towns that play a specific role in this system, the meaning of which canbe approached from different perspectives. This paper focuses on the hierarchies and relationshipsbetween towns in the Province of Lubuskie seen from the spatial point of view. The volume and sequence rule of Zipf ’s law as well as the gravitation model have been used as the statistical tools. Thedata valid as in 2015 were accounted for in the analysis. Results from the empirical studies show thatdespite a similar urban density in Lubuskie Province and generally across Poland, the town system in theregion is visibly specific. Apart from two largest cities playing a regional and cross-regional function,i.e. Zielona Góra and Gorzów Wlkp., the issue of how small and middle-sized towns function in theprovince comes to the fore.

Relativistic Gravitation Based on Symmetry

We present a Relativistic Newtonian Dynamics ( R N D ) for motion of objects in a gravitational field generated by a moving source. As in General Relativity ( G R ), we assume that objects move by a geodesic with respect to some metric, which is defined by the field. This metric is defined on flat lab spacetime and is derived using only symmetry, the fact that the field propagates with the speed of light, and the Newtonian limit. For a field of a single source, the influenced direction of the field at spacetime point x is defined as the direction from x to the to the position of the source at the retarded time. The metric depends only on this direction and the strength of the field at x. We show that for a static source, the R N D metric is of the same form as the Whitehead metric, and the Schwarzschild metric in Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates. Motion predicted under this model passes all classical tests of G R . Moreover, in this model, the total time for a round trip of light is as predicted by G R , but velocities of light and object and time dilation differ from the G R predictions. For example, light rays propagating toward the massive object do not slow down. The new time dilation prediction could be observed by measuring the relativistic redshift for stars near a black hole and for sungrazing comets. Terrestrial experiments to test speed of light predictions and the relativistic redshift are proposed. The R N D model is similar to Whitehead’s gravitation model for a static field, but its proposed extension to the non-static case is different. This extension uses a complex four-potential description of fields propagating with the speed of light.

GRAVITATIONAL HYPOTHESIS DUE TO QUADIMENSIONAL INTERACTION OF INCIPIENT ENERGY

This paper presents a new hypothesis for the current gravitation model, caused as a consequence of the disproportion in the link between the macrocosmic dynamics and the luminosity caused by mass, where after a heuristic perception, we will consider the spatial four-dimensional interaction of the primordial energy of the universe as responsible by the gravitational effect, considering the symmetry proposed by Noether's theorem, and the possible manifestation of dark energy as primordial energy.

Penentuan Pusat Pertumbuhan pada Satuan Wilayah Pengembangan (SWP) Kediri Provinsi Jawa Timur

Research conducted aims to: 1) to identify the potential economic sectors as the base sector as a determinant of the central region of growth in the Region Development Unit (RDU) Kediri East Java; 2) to identify economic sectors that have a competitive advantage in the Region Development Unit (RDU) Kediri East Java; (3) to classify the region in each Regency / City in the Region Development Unit (RDU) Kediri East Java; (4) to identify region based on the availability of service facilities in Region Development Unit (RDU) Kediri East Java; and (5) to identify region with potential interaction strength among regions as the central development areas in Region Development Unit Kediri East Java'. An analysis method that used a method of quantitative descriptive analysis by using secondary data obtained from the Statistic Indonesia and other institutions needed. The analysis is use location quotient analysis, shift share analysis, typologi klassen analysis, scalogram analysis, dan gravitation model analysi. The Analysis showed Kediri City emerges as a growth poles in Region Development Unit Kediri East Java with regional advantages from two aspects namely regional capability (Location Quotient analysis) and high per capita income (Tipology Klassen analysis) with hinterland area such as Kab. Nganjuk, Kab. Trenggalek, and Kab. Kediri and Kab. Tulungagung. Keywords: Gravitation, Growth Poles, Location Quotient, Scalogram, Shift Share, Typologi Klassen.