PREVENTION OF CANDIDIASIS IN PATIENTS USING REMOVABLE DENTURES

Despite innovations in orthopedic dentistry, removable dentures belong to the most popular orthopedic care category. Removable dentures are combined stimuli that affect the mucous membrane and neuro-receptor apparatus. Acrylic plastic prostheses, widely used in prosthetic dentistry, have a negative side mechanical, chemical-toxic, sensitizing, and thermal insulating effect on oral tissue and prosthetic impression area. This is often complicated by a violation of the biocenosis of the oral cavity, the growth of pathogenic microflora that releases toxins, especially an increase in the number of yeast colonies that irritate the oral mucosa and prosthetic stomatitis. It was observed 100 patients with oral candidiasis of various age groups from 45 to 65 years. Of these, 60 patients with removable plate prostheses; 40 patients with partially removable prostheses. Chronic forms of candidiasis were diagnosed in 40 patients and with exacerbation of chronic forms of candidiasis in 60 people. The number of untreated carious cavities and poor hygienic condition of the oral cavity directly affects the severity of candidiasis. Acute forms of candidiasis were observed mainly in patients with high DMF and PMA indices. The severity of candidiasis depends on the degree and duration of wearing dentures and hygienic conditions - the most severe forms of invasive candidiasis were observed in the presence of removable plate prostheses, the complete absence of teeth, and the use of a prosthesis for more than 10-15 years. A combined lesion of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips was observed mainly in patients older than 60 years. The presence of candidiasis in the oral cavity in patients with removable plate prostheses leads to a statistically significant change in the indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity: an increase in the concentration of serum IgG and IgA and the values of the coefficient of the balance of local immunity factors.

Help in controlling pain in children: pediatrician’s tips

The problem of anesthesia includes mainly the treatment of pre-existing pain or surgical manipulations with the use of anesthesia. However, the problems of pain prevention during traumatic (invasive) procedures are also actively solved, methods of prevention are improved and expanded, taking into account the impact of pain on the quality of life. Pain is not a simple physiological process of conducting stimulation from the receptor apparatus to the CNS structures, but a complex phenomenon that includes biological, emotional, psychological and social components. Pain is one of the earliest formed psychophysical functions; by the 30 th week of fetal development all pathways of pain conduction and perception are already formed, so both fetus and child are already capable of perceiving pain, and the intensity is often even higher than in adults. Many believe that: young children do not feel pain because their central nervous system is immature; children remember themselves from the age of 4–5 years, so they do not remember the pain they suffered, so all surgical problems that cause pain should be addressed as early as possible; if the child is sleeping or playing, he or she has no pain, etc. Current research has demonstrated significant short-term adverse reactions and long-term negative effects in children in response to pain-related manipulations. Anesthesia of intact skin was previously impossible without prior painful anesthetic injection. Today, other ways of administering anesthetics are used as alternatives: oral, in enemas or suppositories, locally as sprays, ointments, or by application. To address the pain associated with invasive procedures, the effectiveness of a 5% local anesthetic cream based on a water-oil emulsion of lidocaine and prilocaine (1:1), which has good absorption properties, has been studied. Using local anesthesia can prevent and/or reduce the risk of pain-induced stress. Considering the results of these studies, the use of a local combined anesthetic containing 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine may be suggested.

Effciency of a rehabilitation training method by means of special infant formulas in patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia as part of combined therapy

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of a training method using special infant formulas as part of combined rehabilitation for patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 55 patients (30 men and 25 women) aged 45–80 years with dysphagia during the acute period of ischemic stroke. Thirty patients used special astringent formulas as part of combined therapy and 25 patients did not. The investigators studied the time of course of changes in the restoration of swallowing function, by using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) and the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS), as well as the transition from probe feeding to independent one.Results and discussion. The best restoration of swallowing function was shown to be achieved through training using formulas with different astringency. Stronger astringent formulas, like solid foods, stimulate better the pharyngeal receptor apparatus; the most active restoration of a dynamic swallowing stereotype occurs. The gradual transition to a milder astringent formula allows restoration of the skill to swallow thinner liquid foods. It takes 10 days to achieve a significant clinical effect in most patients, mainly in those with pseudobulbar disorders. Training may be prolonged to 2 weeks or more in severe cases, in bulbar dysfunctions.Conclusion. The training rehabilitation method using special infant formulas in combination with electrical stimulation in patients with ischemic stroke and neurogenic dysphagia allows achieving the significantly better indicators of restoration of swallowing function in accordance with the PAS scale. The application of the method contributes to the significantly better transition from probe feeding to independent one.

The role of estrogen and progesterone receptors in women with adenomyosis in postmenopause

Adenomyosis (AD) is an urgent medical problem of the present. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis of internal endometriosis remain controversial. The purpose of the work is to define the role of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis (AD) in postmenopausal women. Selection criteria: established diagnosis of AD, postmenopausal period (no menstruation for more than 1 year) and absence of concomitant endometrial pathology. An immunohistochemical (IHС) study was performed to determine the state of the receptor apparatus for markers of estrogen and progesterone. The IНC study of the eu- and ectopic endometrium receptor apparatus revealed the presence of ER and RR expression both in epithelial cells and stromal cells, indicating the hormonal dependence of AD foci and the key role of steroid hormones in the development and preservation of intraocular endometriosis in postmenopausal women. Nearly a third of women in the epithelial cells of the eutopic endometrium found a normal correlation between ER and PR, respectively leading to 1. In stromal cells, a decrease in ER was observed with an increase in RR (ER / PR <1) in 9 out of 15 patients. Analysis of the distribution of the ratio of expression ratios of ER and PR in ectopic endometrium revealed the predominance of the role of PR in ER in the pathogenesis of internal endometriosis. The components of the ectopic endometrium in most women were characterized by an increase in PR and a decrease in ER (ER / PR <1).

Morphofunctional characteristics of monocytes migration into the skin

Регуляторные макрофаги. Различия в функциональной активности макрофагов опосредуются действием активационного сигнала. Естественно полагать, что изменения рецепторного аппарата макрофагов, влечет изменения и в морфологическом плане, как со стороны ядра, так и цитоплазмы. Цель исследования - изучение морфофункциональной характеристики моноцитов, мигрировавших из микроциркуляции. Методика. Морфофункциональную характеристику моноцитов, мигрировавших из микроциркуляции, изучали на модели угревой болезни. Использовано содержимое пустул 68 пациентов с папуло-пустулезной формой угревой болезни. Взятие материала осуществляли петлей Унна и наносили его на предметное стекло. Препарат фиксировали и окрашивали по Романовскому-Гимзе. Микроскопию проводили под увеличением х1000. Результаты. Показано, что к месту воспаления мигрируют в основном собственно моноциты с азурофильной зернистостью и признаками вакуолизации цитоплазмы и ядра. Наибольшую фагоцитарную активность проявляли промоноциты. Заключение. На модели угревой болезни показана неоднородность популяции и различия морфофункциональных характеристик моноцитов, мигрировавших в очаг воспаления. Macrophages are known to either stimulate or reduce inflammation and participate in either destruction or reparative regeneration of tissues. Therefore, based on the monocyte functional activity, they can be grouped into three categories - «proinflammatory», wound-healing, and regulatory macrophages. Differences in the macrophage functional activity are determined by the activation signal. Presumably, changes in the macrophage receptor apparatus are associated with morphological changes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess morphofunctional characteristics of monocytes after their migration from microvasculature into the tissue. Methods. Morphofunctional characteristics of monocytes were studied on an acne model after the monocyte migration from microvasculature into the skin. The content of pustule collected from 68 patients with papulopustular acne was examined. The material was collected with the Unna’s loop, fixed on a glass slide, stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa, and examined under a microscope at x1,000 magnification. Results. Most of the recruited dermal monocytes migrating to the site of tissue inflammation were genuine monocytes with typical azurophilic granules and vacuolation of the cytoplasm followed by nuclear vacuolation. The greatest phagocytic activity was observed in promocytes.