scholarly journals The role of estrogen and progesterone receptors in women with adenomyosis in postmenopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
G.Y. Honcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Hormonal Dependence ◽  
Normal Correlation ◽  
Receptor Apparatus ◽  
Ectopic Endometrium

Adenomyosis (AD) is an urgent medical problem of the present. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis of internal endometriosis remain controversial. The purpose of the work is to define the role of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis (AD) in postmenopausal women. Selection criteria: established diagnosis of AD, postmenopausal period (no menstruation for more than 1 year) and absence of concomitant endometrial pathology. An immunohistochemical (IHС) study was performed to determine the state of the receptor apparatus for markers of estrogen and progesterone. The IНC study of the eu- and ectopic endometrium receptor apparatus revealed the presence of ER and RR expression both in epithelial cells and stromal cells, indicating the hormonal dependence of AD foci and the key role of steroid hormones in the development and preservation of intraocular endometriosis in postmenopausal women. Nearly a third of women in the epithelial cells of the eutopic endometrium found a normal correlation between ER and PR, respectively leading to 1. In stromal cells, a decrease in ER was observed with an increase in RR (ER / PR <1) in 9 out of 15 patients. Analysis of the distribution of the ratio of expression ratios of ER and PR in ectopic endometrium revealed the predominance of the role of PR in ER in the pathogenesis of internal endometriosis. The components of the ectopic endometrium in most women were characterized by an increase in PR and a decrease in ER (ER / PR <1).

scholarly journals Paracrine interactions between epithelial cells promote colon cancer growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Jacquemin ◽  
Annabelle Wurmser ◽  
Mathilde Huyghe ◽  
Wenjie Sun ◽  
Meghan Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Tumour Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTumours are complex ecosystems composed of different types of cells that communicate and influence each other. While the critical role of stromal cells in affecting tumour growth is well established, the impact of mutant cancer cells on healthy surrounding tissues remains poorly defined. Here, we uncovered a paracrine mechanism by which intestinal cancer cells reactivate foetal and regenerative Yap-associated transcriptional programs in neighbouring wildtype epithelial cells, rendering them adapted to thrive in the tumour context. We identified the glycoprotein Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as the essential factor that mediates non-cell autonomous morphological and transcriptional responses. Importantly, Thbs1 is associated with bad prognosis in several human cancers. This study reveals the Thbs1-YAP axis as the mechanistic link mediating paracrine interactions between epithelial cells, promoting tumour formation and progression.

Expression and steroid hormone regulation of TETs and DNMTs in human endometrium

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Vishakha Mahajan ◽  
Diana Osavlyuk ◽  
Philip C Logan ◽  
Satya Amirapu ◽  
Anna P Ponnampalam
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Endometrial Epithelium

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs) facilitate methylation and hydroxymethylation of DNA, respectively. DNMTs are widely studied with conflicting results on their regulation in the endometrium. While the role of TETs in the endometrium remains relatively unexplored. Deregulated expression of TETs and DNMTs are associated with endometrial pathologies. The aim of this study is to characterize the temporal TET expression in endometrium and to determine the hormonal regulation of TETs in comparison to DNMTs. mRNA expressions were quantified by real-time PCR in endometrial tissues from cycling women and localization was determined by immunohistochemistry. Hormonal regulation was investigated in endometrial epithelial and stromal cell lines following a 24 and 48 h treatment cycle. TET1 and 3 mRNA expressions were significantly upregulated in the mid-secretory phase. TET protein expression was ubiquitous in endometrial epithelium throughout the menstrual cycle except during the late-secretory phase, while stromal staining was scattered. TET1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in response to estrogen in stromal cells. Transcriptions of all three TETs were induced in response to progesterone treatment in epithelial cells. Only DNMT3b in epithelial cells and DNMT1 in stromal cells were significantly upregulated upon 24-h estrogen exposure following a significant decrease of DNMT1 when treated with 24 h of estrogen and progesterone. This study suggests that TETs are expressed in a cell-specific, dynamic manner in the endometrium and are responsive to steroid hormones. Investigating the role of TETs individually and with respect to DNMTs, will help to elucidate gene regulatory mechanisms in endometrial biology and pathologies.

scholarly journals Expression of IL-18, IL-18 Binding Protein, and IL-18 Receptor by Normal and Cancerous Human Ovarian Tissues: Possible Implication of IL-18 in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Medina ◽  
Alex Rabinovich ◽  
Benjamin Piura ◽  
Victor Dyomin ◽  
Ruthy Shaco Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cellular Origin

Proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 has been shown to be elevated in the sera of ovarian carcinoma patients. The aim of the study was to examine the levels and cellular origin of IL-18, IL-18 binding protein, and IL-18 receptor in normal and cancerous ovarian tissues. Ovarian tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemical staining for IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R and mRNA of these cytokines was analyzed with semiquantitative PT-PCR. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.0007), IL-18BP levels were significantly higher in normal ovarian tissues (P=0.04), and the ratio of IL-18/IL-18BP was significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.036). Cancerous ovarian tissues expressed significantly higher IL-18 mRNA levels (P=0.025), while there was no difference in the expression of IL-18BP mRNA and IL-18R mRNA between cancerous and normal ovarian tissues. IL-18 and IL-18BP were expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of both cancerous and normal ovarian tissues, while IL-18R was expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of cancerous ovarian tissues but expressed similarly in the epithelial and stromal cells of normal cancerous tissues. This study indicates a possible role of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

scholarly journals Scaffold-Free Endometrial Organoids Respond to Excess Androgens Associated With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerawat Wiwatpanit ◽  
Alina R Murphy ◽  
Zhenxiao Lu ◽  
Margrit Urbanek ◽  
Joanna E Burdette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Novel Scaffold

Abstract Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder in reproductive aged women associated with a number of endocrine and metabolic complications, including increased risk of endometrial cancer. Objective To study the effect of the characteristic increased androgen levels in PCOS on the endometrium, a novel scaffold-free multicellular endometrial organoid was established. Design Human endometrial organoids were constructed using primary endometrial epithelial and stromal cells from endometrial tissues. Organoids were treated for 14 days with physiologic levels of estradiol and testosterone to mimic a normal follicular phase or PCOS hormone profiles. Organoids were harvested for immunostaining and ribonucleic acid sequencing. Setting Academic institution. Patients Endometrial tissues from 10 premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign pathologies were obtained following written consent. Main Outcome Measures Organoid architecture, cell specific markers, functional markers, proliferation, and gene expression were measured. Results A method to generate scaffold-free endometrial organoids containing epithelial and stromal cells was established. These organoids exhibited distinct organization with epithelial cells lining the outer surface and stromal cells in the center of the organoids. Epithelial cells were polarized, organoids expressed cell type specific and functional markers, as well as androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. Treatment with PCOS hormones increased cell proliferation and dysregulated genes in endometrial organoids. Conclusions A new multicellular, scaffold-free endometrial organoid system was established that resembled physiology of the native endometrium. Excess androgens in PCOS promoted cell proliferation in endometrial organoids, revealing new mechanisms of PCOS-associated with risk of endometrial neoplasia.

The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Stromal/Epithelial Interactions in the Gut

Physiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sengupta ◽  
T. T. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Matrix Degrading Enzymes

The gastrointestinal mucosa is an extremely soft, highly vascularised tissue, with a single layer of epithelium separating the gut lumen from the host. Epithelial cells adhere to a thin basement membrane that is produced by both epithelial cells and the underlying stromal cells. Signals passing between epithelial cells and stromal cells are needed for normal gut structure. In gut diseases, however, epithelial cells and stromal cells produce large amounts of matrix degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases), the function of which is only beginning to be elucidated. Here, we review the role of matrix metalloproteonases (MMPs) in the gut in health, in gut inflammation, and in cancer.

The Helpful Role of CD10 and Hormonal Receptors Co-Expression in the Histologic Diagnosis of Catamenial Pneumothorax

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Mataca ◽  
Giulio Rossi ◽  
Thomas V. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Estrogen And Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Catamenial Pneumothorax ◽  
Tissue Alterations

The histology in cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is generally nonspecific, but a careful examination, taking into account clinical data, may reveal subtle tissue alterations leading to a specific diagnosis in cases that might otherwise be taken as primary and spontaneous. In this article, we describe 3 cases of catamenial pneumothorax histologically demonstrated by the presence of scattered and submillimeter aggregates of bland-looking spindle endometrial stromal cells (so-called “stromal endometriosis”) into the visceral pleural layer. The use of CD10 and estrogen and progesterone receptors in lung resection specimens from young women experiencing recurrent pneumothorax is extremely helpful in disclosing endometriosis and confirming a diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax. A review of the literature on this topic is also presented.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of intrauterine pathological processes in women of the postmenopauseal period

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Tetiana Polishchuk ◽  
Serhii Vdovichenko ◽  
Oleksandra Lubkovska ◽  
Dmytro Ledin
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Increased Risk

Aim of the research is studying the pecularities of the endometrium pathological processes in postmenopausal women on the basis of the hysteroscopy data evaluation, as well as conduction of histopathological and immunochemical studies. Materials and methods. To study the pecularities of intrauterine pathological processes, 100 postmenopausal women were selected and studied. All women underwent hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic scraping of the uterine cavity. Also, 10 samples of glandular-fibrous endometrial polyps (GFEP) in women of reproductive age and 9 samples of such pathology in the postmenopausal period were studied by immunohistochemical method, using 6 primary specific monoclonal antibodies. Results. The results showed that in 64 (64 %) postmenopausal women pathological changes of the endometrium were presented with GFEP, and in 2 patients (2 %) endometrial adenocarcinoma was found. It was also determined that the nuclei of epithelial and stromal cells of GFEP in postmenopausal women are characterized by lower expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, compared with women with such formations in the reproductive age. In addition, it was found that in postmenopausal women the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor bcl-2 and aromatase P450 in the epithelial and stromal cells of GFEP was more expressed, and the expression of the Bах antigen, on the contrary, was significantly lower than in women of reproductive age. Conclusions. Fundamental molecular-biological differences of GFEP in postmenopausal women compared with women of reproductive age were revealed. It was found that in postmenopausal women there is a significantly lower dependence of such polyps on the effects of estrogen and progesterone. In addition, the data indicate an increased risk of neoplastic transformation in such women.

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