THE CONCEPTS SAFETY/SECURITY AND ITS REPRESENTATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the lexical verbalization of the concepts SAFETY/SECURITY in the Eng­lish language worldview on the basis of the comparative analysis of their components, including the basic elements and their de­rivatives. The author supposes that the scope of the concepts SAFETY/SECURITY in the English language worldview is based on the general meaning “protection, protection from risks, threats or lack of them”. It is security that is the cornerstone that ensures the stable functioning of a human in society and society itself as a whole. In this regard, the problem of perception and understanding of SAFETY/SECURITY concept is becoming especially relevant in today’s society. This article examines the implementation of the SAFETY/SECURITY concept in the English language picture of the world. The purpose of this study is to set the boundaries of the SAFETY/SECURITY concept in English on the basis of a study of the categorical definitions related to safety / security that make up the core of the concept and their derivatives. The following dictionaries were used for the study: The MacMillan English Dictionary, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

Types of sense-navigation devices in print monolingual English learners’ dictionaries

The aim of the paper is to describe the types of sense-navigation devices in print monolingual English learners’ dictionaries. The paper begins with a section devoted to the various definitions of sense-navigation devices. The following sections are a description of the different types of sense-navigation devices in learners’ dictionaries: signposts in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), guide words in the Cambridge International Dictionary of English (CIDE) and guidewords in the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (CALD), short cuts in the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English (OALD) and menus in the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (MED). The paper ends with the author’s final comments about what type of research ought to be done in the future with respect to sense-navigation devices.

KASUS KORUPSI DITINJAU DARI TUJUAN DAN LEGITIMASI NEGARA

Korupsi merupakan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang atau punkelompok untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya atau memperkaya serta memperbanyak kekayaan pribadi. Secara harafiah korupsi merupakan kebusukan, keburukan, kebejatan, ketidakjujuran, dapat disuap, tidak bermoral, penyimpangan dari kesucian, dan kata-kata atau ucapan yang memfitnah. korupsi juga dapat diartikan sebagai pencurian melalui penipuan dalam situasi yang mengkhianati kepercayaan. Dalam Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, korupsi didefinisikan sebagai ajakan (dari seorang pejabat publik) dengan pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang tidak semestinya untuk melakukan pelanggaran tugas. tujuan negara merupakan Cara berpikir yang menandai mentalitas semacam ini ialah benar karena diperintahkan, salah karena dilarang (oleh yang berkuasa). Cara berpikir era reformasi sebaliknya: benar atau salah karena dimengerti dan diyakini sendiri sebagai demikian. Mentalitas reformasi ialah pemujaan keadilan, kemanusiaan, kebenaran, kemandirian dan kebebasan yang bertanggung jawab. Juga pengupayaan kelincahan dalam manajemen untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. hubungannya dengan legitimasi negara sangat erat dengan hubungan negara.

KASUS KORUPSI DITINJAU DARI TUJUAN DAN LEGITIMASI NEGARA

Secara harafiah korupsi merupakan kebusukan, keburukan, kebejatan, ketidakjujuran, dapat disuap, tidak bermoral, penyimpangan dari kesucian, dan kata-kata atau ucapan yang memfitnah.Sayyed Husein Alatas (2005:108) menegaskan bahwa korupsi adalah pencurian melalui penipuan dalam situasi yang mengkhianati kepercayaan. Dalam Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, korupsi didefinisikan sebagai ajakan (dari seorang pejabat publik) dengan pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang tidak semestinya untuk melakukan pelanggaran tugas.dan legitimasi negara merupakan penerimaan dan pengakuan masyarakat terhadap hak moral pemimpin untuk memerintah, membuat, dan melaksanakan suatu kekuasaan. sedangkan tujuan negara ialah untuk kebersamaan dan juga kesejahteraan rakyat.

Lexical properties: Trademarks, dictionaries, and the sense of the generic

The third edition of Webster’s International Dictionary, first published in 1961, represented a novel approach to lexicography. It recorded the English language used in everyday life, incorporating colloquial terms that previous grammarians would have considered unfit for any responsible dictionary. Many were scandalized by the new lexicography. Trademark lawyers were not the most prominent of these critics, but the concerns they expressed are significant because they touched on the core structure of the trademark as a form of property in language. In the course of eavesdropping on everyday usage, Merriam-Webster’s lexicographers picked up on the use of trademarks as common nouns: “thermos” as a generic noun for any vacuum flask, “cellophane” as a term for transparent wrapping, and so on. If Webster’s Third were to be taken as sound evidence of the meaning of words, then the danger was that some of the most familiar marks in the USA would be judged “generic” in the legal sense, and would thereby cease to be proprietary. In this article, we explore the implications of this encounter between law and lexicographic technique.

What's wrong with ‘expeditioner’?

Some – particularly Australasian – authors who have published in Polar Record may be familiar with the debate around the acceptability of the word ‘expeditioner’. The term is regularly used by Australians and New Zealanders, in both casual and official contexts. In The Antarctic Dictionary, Bernadette Hince (herself Australian) classifies the word as particularly (although not solely) Australian, notes its regular use by the Australian national programme, which publishes an Expeditioner Handbook, and defines it as ‘A member of an [A]ntarctic expedition, including a government expedition’ (Hince 2000: 118–119). However, ‘expeditioner’ appears in the Oxford English Dictionary only as a rare and obsolete term. The sole example cited in the OED Online is from 1758, in a non-polar context; the definition provided is ‘One engaged in an expedition’. Neither The Australian Oxford Dictionary (2nd edition, 2004) nor The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary (2005) includes ‘expeditioner’, although the term is included in the Australian Macquarie Dictionary (5th edition, 2009) and the US-based Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1993). There is clearly significant national variation in the term's acceptability and its use in an academic publication can draw negative attention (Stone 2003: 172 – not coincidentally, a British review of a book by an Australian author). This note argues that ‘expeditioner’ should not be dismissed as an idiolectic ungrammatical term unsuitable for use in British publications. We make a case for the use of ‘expeditioner’ on three grounds: conceptual appropriateness, precedence and convenience of expression.