The Effects of Temperature and Salinity Stressors on the Survival, Condition and Valve Closure of the Manila Clam, Venerupis philippinarum in a Holding Facility

This article investigates the response of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum to possible temperature and salinity changes in a holding facility. First, clams are exposed to four temperatures for 15 days. Valve closure and survival of clams exposed to seawater at 18 °C are higher than those exposed to seawater at 24 °C. Second, clams are exposed to six salinities for 15 days. Survival of clams exposed to two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) is lower than that of clams exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Valve closures of clams exposed to constant low salinity conditions (24 psu) and two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) are higher than those exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Lastly, clams are exposed to two different temperatures and three different salinities conditions for eight days. Valve closure and survival decreased significantly under the combination of 24 °C and 18 psu. These results suggest that an increase in temperature or a wider range of salinity fluctuations are detrimental to the survival of the Manila clam. The synergistic effect of temperature and salinity stressors may decrease the survival period of clams compared to the effect of a single stressor.

The Effects of Temperature and Salinity Stressors on the Survival, Condition, and Valve Closure of the Manila Clam, Venerupis philippinarum in a Holding Facility

We investigated the response of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum to possible temperature and salinity changes in a holding facility. First, clams were exposed to four temperatures for 15 days. Valve closure and survival of clams exposed to seawater at 18℃ were higher than that of those exposed to seawater at 24℃. Second, clams were exposed to six salinities for 15 days. Survival of clams exposed to two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) was lower than that of clams exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Valve closures of clams exposed to constant low salinity conditions (24 psu) and two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) were higher than of those exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Lastly, clams were exposed to two different temperatures and three different salinities conditions for 8 days. Valve closure and survival decreased significantly under the combination of 24℃ and 18 psu. These results suggest that an increase in temperature or a wider range of salinity fluctuations are detrimental to the survival of the Manila clam. The synergistic effect of temperature and salinity stressors may decrease the survival period of clams compared to the effect of a single stressor.

SURVIVAL POTENTIAL OF STRESSED CHICKS

Two hundred and forty broiler, cockerel and pullet chicks were deprived feeds, water brooder heat or combination of these to stimulate similar careless or accidental farm situations so as to find their effect on the chicks survival.The type of bird as well as brooder heat had no significant effect (P>0.05) respectively on survival of chicks exposed to starvation stress, Age of chicks and nature of starvation significantly affected chicks survival. condition. A significant (P<0.05) mortality rate was recorded at ages 4 and 5 days. The maximum and evening to monitor the room temperature survival duration was 8 days for all stress chicks. Those deprived of only water survived significantly (P <0.05) longer than others. either feed, drinking water or both.

The City, The Suburb and The Rest. The Earth

This article examines the urban condition created by a new habitat that emerged in Portugal in the last decades: the suburb. In sharp opposition to the stasis of the historic centre, this article offers an optimistic gaze into the suburbs as a space where new opportunities for inclusion and co-existence could come about. The suburbs are portrayed as the real monument of the twentieth century, a human creation that should be maintained and preserved as such, in an age where the global virtual city will become the new locus for exchange and intercourse. This article also examines the dangers of removing the historic centres from the wider reality of the expanding city. Its survival condition is to contaminate the suburb instead of the other way around. The instrumentality of design - informed by politics -, is addressed as a key contribution to project the articulation of the diffuse limits of the [European] city, the suburbs and the rest.

Individualism as a Cultural Syndrome in Recent American Cinema

The article explores the balance of the two basic cultural constructs - individualism and collectivism - and the way it is represented in the American cinema of 2015-2016 as exemplified by a number of films set in the past, present and future. The author comes to the conclusion that in the face of a global peril the idea of individual moral responsibility inevitably leads to the role of collectivism as the essential survival condition.

Imitação e Inovação na Moda: Mapeando o Processo Criativo no Segmento de "Modinha" em uma Feira Regional

Fashion is recognized by transience, resulting in its short life cycle, since the constant changes make what was previously considered "fashionable" obsolete (Emidio Sabione, 2010). In this market, innovate and act before competitors, accelerate the launch of products, reduce design time and the placement of new items on the market is a survival condition (Lipovetsky, 2007). A central factor in the fashion spread is imitation, as this promotes both innovation and obsolescence, forcing producers to set up periodically (Caulkins et al., 2007, Pesendorfer, 1995). The research object is the "modinha", women's clothing that follows media trends, is the copying, with or without changes, to the mass market (Avelar, 2009; Victor, 2007), in this study, "José Avelino Street Fair". This fair meets weekly hundreds of manufacturers in a metropolis of northeastern Brazil that has been established as a fashion hub. Thus, it was proposed to identify the process of innovation in companies that make “modinha” in this Fair. The research was conducted through a survey and data were obtained from a questionnaire administered with 78 stallholders. One descriptive and exploratory data analysis was performed. It was found that, contrary to expectation, a considerable formality, with 49 of the 78 respondents with CNPJ; its customers are small retailers; and their competitors are the stallholders. Regarding the creation of clothes models, the stallholders research in various sources and said imitating models from these sources, but they try to make changes.