scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature and Salinity Stressors on the Survival, Condition, and Valve Closure of the Manila Clam, Venerupis philippinarum in a Holding Facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonmi Bae ◽  
Jibin Im ◽  
Soobin Joo ◽  
Boongho Cho ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Manila Clam ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Valve Closure ◽  
Salinity Fluctuation ◽  
Venerupis Philippinarum ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Survival Condition

We investigated the response of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum to possible temperature and salinity changes in a holding facility. First, clams were exposed to four temperatures for 15 days. Valve closure and survival of clams exposed to seawater at 18℃ were higher than that of those exposed to seawater at 24℃. Second, clams were exposed to six salinities for 15 days. Survival of clams exposed to two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) was lower than that of clams exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Valve closures of clams exposed to constant low salinity conditions (24 psu) and two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) were higher than of those exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Lastly, clams were exposed to two different temperatures and three different salinities conditions for 8 days. Valve closure and survival decreased significantly under the combination of 24℃ and 18 psu. These results suggest that an increase in temperature or a wider range of salinity fluctuations are detrimental to the survival of the Manila clam. The synergistic effect of temperature and salinity stressors may decrease the survival period of clams compared to the effect of a single stressor.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature and Salinity Stressors on the Survival, Condition and Valve Closure of the Manila Clam, Venerupis philippinarum in a Holding Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Hyeonmi Bae ◽  
Jibin Im ◽  
Soobin Joo ◽  
Boongho Cho ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Manila Clam ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Valve Closure ◽  
Salinity Fluctuation ◽  
Venerupis Philippinarum ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Survival Condition

This article investigates the response of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum to possible temperature and salinity changes in a holding facility. First, clams are exposed to four temperatures for 15 days. Valve closure and survival of clams exposed to seawater at 18 °C are higher than those exposed to seawater at 24 °C. Second, clams are exposed to six salinities for 15 days. Survival of clams exposed to two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) is lower than that of clams exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Valve closures of clams exposed to constant low salinity conditions (24 psu) and two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) are higher than those exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Lastly, clams are exposed to two different temperatures and three different salinities conditions for eight days. Valve closure and survival decreased significantly under the combination of 24 °C and 18 psu. These results suggest that an increase in temperature or a wider range of salinity fluctuations are detrimental to the survival of the Manila clam. The synergistic effect of temperature and salinity stressors may decrease the survival period of clams compared to the effect of a single stressor.

Effect of temperature on embryonic development of Melanotaenia boesemani (Allen and Cross, 1982)

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Costa Radael ◽  
Leonardo Demier Cardoso ◽  
Dalcio Ricardo de Andrade ◽  
André Veloso Ferreira ◽  
Douglas da Cruz Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Faster Development

SummaryThe present study aimed to provide data on the time required for Melanotaenia boesemani to complete embryonic development, and to investigate the influence that incubation at different temperatures caused in this species. The effects of temperature on the time and hatching rate are presented, as well as information related to embryonic development stages. After fertilization, the eggs were kept in incubators at 23, 26, 29 or 32°C and observed at predetermined times until the moment of hatching. Stages of development were identified and classified according to morphological and physiological characteristics. Oil droplets were visualized inside the eggs as well as filament adhesion present at the chorion. Embryonic development was similar to that observed in other species of the genus Melanotaenia with hatching and faster development in higher temperatures.

Effect of Temperature and Water Immersion on the Mechanical Properties of Coated Fabrics

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Ying Ying Zhang ◽  
Qi Lin Zhang ◽  
Chuan Zhi Zhou ◽  
Ying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Induction ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Increasing Temperature

As composite, the mechanical properties of coated fabrics are sensitive to environment. This paper presented mechanical properties under different environments. A list of uniaxial tests are carried out under different temperatures including -20°C, 0°C, 23°C, 50°C, and 70°C. First, the tensile behaviors at room temperature and the failure behaviors are studied. Then, the effects of temperature on mechanical properties are determined. Finally, the effects of water immersion on mechanical properties are discussed. Results show PTFE coated fabrics remained unchanged in varying temperature and humidity. The temperature has effects on the mechanical properties of PVC coated fabrics. With increasing temperature, the strength decrease and the strain at break increase. The temperature induction factors are proposed for the design and analysis. The water immersion has little effect on the mechanical properties because of the impervious coating.

Influence of temperature on the activity of anammox granular biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2518-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sobotka ◽  
K. Czerwionka ◽  
J. Makinia
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Granular Biomass

The aim of this study was to determine a short-term and long-term effect of temperature on the anammox rate and determination of temperature coefficients in the Arrhenius and Ratkowsky equations. The short-term effects of temperature on the anammox granular biomass were investigated in batch tests at ten different temperatures in the range of 10–55 °C. The maximum overall nitrogen removal rate of 1.3 gN gVSS−1·d−1 was observed at 40 °C (VSS: volatile suspended solids). The minimum rate, close to 0 gN gVSS−1·d−1, was observed for the limits of the analyzed temperature range (10 and 55 °C). The activity tests carried out at 55 °C showed an irreversible loss of the activity due to the observed biomass lysis. Subsequently to the batch tests, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated at different temperatures (from 30 to 11 °C) to determine the long-term effects of temperature. The system was successfully operated at 15 °C, but when temperature was decreased to 11 °C, nitrite started to accumulate and the system lost its stability. The temperature coefficient (θ) was 1.07 for the batch tests carried out in the temperature range of 10–40 °C. In contrast, during the long-term SBR operation, substantially different θ had to be estimated for two temperature ranges, 1.07 (T = 15–30 °C) and 1.65 (T = 11–15 °C).

scholarly journals Hemocyte Responses of the Oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis Exposed to Diel-Cycling Hypoxia and Salinity Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Xie ◽  
Shuaishuai Wei ◽  
Haomiao Dong ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Salinity Change ◽  
Salinity Fluctuation ◽  
Crassostrea Hongkongensis ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Salinity Changes

Marine hypoxia caused by nutrient enrichment in coastal waters has become a global problem for decades, especially diel-cycling hypoxia that occurs frequently in the summer season. On the contrary, sudden rainstorms, and freshwater discharge make salinity in estuarine and coastal ecosystems variable, which often occurs with hypoxia. We found mass mortality of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis in the field where hypoxia and salinity fluctuation co-occur in the summer season during the past several years. To investigate the effects of diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity changes on the hemocyte immune function of C. hongkongensis, oysters were exposed to a combined effect of two dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (24 h normal oxygen 6 mg/L, 12 h normal oxygen 6 mg/L, and 12 h hypoxia 2 mg/L) and three salinities (10, 25, and 35‰) for 14 days. Subsequently, all treatments were restored to constant normal oxygen (6 mg/L) and salinity under 25‰ for 3 days to study the recovery of hemocyte immune function from the combined stress. Hemocyte parameters were analyzed by flow cytometry, including hemocyte mortality (HM), total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytosis (PHA), esterase (EST) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lysosomal content (LYSO), and mitochondrial number (MN). The experimental results showed that diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity changes have obvious interactive effects on various immune parameters. In detail, diel-cycling hypoxia and decreases in salinity led to increased HM, and low salinity caused heavier impacts. In addition, low salinity, and diel-cycling hypoxia also led to decreases in LYSO, EST, and THC, while the decrease of PHA only occurs in the early stage. On the contrary, ROS production increased significantly under low salinity and hypoxic conditions. After 3-day recovery, THC, PHA, EST, LYSO, and MN were basically restored to normal, while HM and ROS were still significantly affected by diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity change, indicating that the combined stress of diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity changes had latent effects on the immune function of C. hongkongensis. Our results highlight that diel-cycling hypoxia and salinity change may impair the health and survival of the Hong Kong oyster C. hongkongensis and may be the key factors for the mass mortality of this oyster in the field.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND DENGUE VIRUS LOAD ON DENGUE TRANSMISSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550027 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOURDES ESTEVA ◽  
HYUN MO YANG
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Mortality ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Nonzero Equilibrium

In this study, we propose a model to assess the effect of temperature on the incidence of dengue fever. For this, we take into account the dependence of the entomological and epidemiological parameters of the transmitter vector Aedes aegypti with respect to the temperature. The model consists of an ODE system that describes the transmission between humans and mosquitoes considering the aquatic stage of the vector population. The qualitative analysis of the model is made in terms of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], which represent the basic offspring of mosquitoes, and the basic reproductive number of the disease, respectively. If [Formula: see text] mosquito population extinguishes while for [Formula: see text] it tends asymptotically to a nonzero equilibrium. Analogously, the disease transmission is eliminated if [Formula: see text], and it approaches an endemic equilibrium for [Formula: see text]. Using entomological data of mosquitoes as well as experimental data of disease transmission we evaluate [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at different temperatures, obtaining that around [Formula: see text]C both parameters attain their maximum. Sensitivity analysis reveals that infection rates and mosquito mortality are the parameters for which [Formula: see text] is more sensitive.

Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Measuring Ionization Current Inside Contaminated Pipes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingchuan Li ◽  
Xianguo Tuo ◽  
Mingzhe Liu ◽  
Jun Ren ◽  
Qibiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Multiple Regression Method ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

This paper reported the experimental results of ion current under different temperatures and relative humidity using long range alpha detector (LRAD). An approximation relation between the measuring values, temperatures and relative humidity has been obtained using the linear multiple regression method. The experimental results have shown that the measuring values decrease with the increase of temperature and humidity. The influence of humidity on results outweighs that of temperatures. And both temperature and humidity are obviously negative correlated with measured values. Further experiments will be performed to confirm the coupling effects of temperature and humidity and reported later.

Studies on the Toxicity of insecticide Films. II.—Effect of Temperature on the Toxicity of DDT Films

1949 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Toxicity Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

1. A series of exploratory experiments on the relationship between temperature and toxicity of DDT films to adults of Tribolium castaneum, and larvae of Plutella maculipennis, are described. The main conclusions with T. castaneum are:—(a) When the insects are continuously kept on the film at different temperatures there is a higher kill at higher temperatures.(b) When the insects are exposed to the film for about 24 hours at the same temperature and then kept away from it at different temperatures there is a higher kill at the lower temperature.(c) When the insects are kept on the film at different temperatures for about 24 hours and then kept away from the film for reaction at the same temperature, there is a higher kill in those kept on the film at the higher temperature.(a) and (b) above apply equally to larvae of P. maculipennis but (c) is reversed. The probable cause of this reversal appears to be the observed fact that at higher temperatures these larvae cover the film with much more silk thread and thus avoid contact to a greater extent than at lower temperatures.2. A review of literature, in the light of the conclusions arrived at, indicate that many of the observations made upon the temperature-toxicity relationship can be accounted for by the following generalisations:—(a) Insect resistance to poisons changes with temperature as do its other vital activities, increasing up to a critical degree and afterwards declining.(b) The amount of poison reaching the site of action in unit time also varies with the temperature, generally but not always, increasing with its rise. Insect activity, especially locomotor and respiratory, may play an important part in these effects.(c) The apparent effects of temperature on insecticidal action is the combination of these two factors, namely, resistance and pick-up.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on tissue–diet isotopic spacing of nitrogen and carbon in otolith organic matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Godiksen ◽  
Ming-Tsung Chung ◽  
Arild Folkvord ◽  
Peter Grønkjær
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Rearing Experiment

Reconstruction of the trophic position of a fish can be performed by analysing stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes in otolith protein. However, ambient temperature may affect the tissue–diet isotopic spacing of stable isotopes from diet to predator tissue and bias estimates of trophic position. To test this, otolith protein, heart and muscle tissue from a rearing experiment with juvenile cod held at different temperatures (4, 7, 10 and 14°C) were analysed. There was no significant effect of temperature on otolith δ15N, whereas muscle and heart exhibited a slight decrease in δ15N values with increasing temperature corresponding to maximum of 0.6‰ over the 10°C range. By contrast, the otolith protein δ13C values at 4 and 7°C were significantly higher than for 10 and 14°C, suggesting an approximate 1‰ increased tissue–diet enrichment at the lower temperatures. Temperature had no significant effect on muscle and heart δ13C values. Considering the annual mean variation in ocean temperatures, our results indicate that the trophic signals recorded in the otoliths will reflect changes in diet isotope values with little bias from the ambient temperature experienced by the fish.

The Effect of Temperature and Strain-Rate Sensitivity on Formability of AA 5754

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1596-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevlut Turkoz ◽  
Selcuk Halkacı ◽  
Muammer Koç
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Warm Hydroforming ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Different Strains

Aluminum alloys have limited usage because of their limited formability at room temperatures. In order to design and develop more parts made of aluminum, new forming techniques such as hydroforming, warm forming and warm hydroforming have been researched to overcome the low formability issues. This, in turn, necessitates understanding and modeling the behavior of aluminum alloys at different temperatures and strain rates. This paper deals with the investigation of the effect of temperature and strain rate sensitivity on the formability of AA 5754 aluminum alloy. Tensile tests were carried out at temperatures of 20,100,180 and 260°C and forming rates of 25, 100 and 250 mm/min. The mechanical properties and flow curves were obtained and the strain rate sensitivities were calculated at different strains and temperatures. The effects of temperature and strain rate sensitivity on the formability were introduced.

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