Technologies for studying functional neural networks of the human brain based on data of nuclear functional magnetic tomography

Nuclear functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most popular methods for studying the functional activity of the human brain. In particular, this method is used in medicine to obtain information about the state of the functional networks of the patient’s brain. However, the process of processing and analysis of experimental fMRI data is complex and requires the selection of the correct technique, depending on the specific task. Practice has shown that different processing methods can give slightly different results for the same set of fMRI data. There are a number of alternative specialized software packages for processing and analysis, but the methodology still needs improvement and development. We are working in this direction: we analyze the effectiveness of existing methods; we develop our own methods; we create software services for processing and analysis of fMRI data on the basis of the distributed modular platform “Digital Laboratory”, with the involvement of the supercomputer NRC “Kurchatov Institute”. For research we use experimental fMRI data obtained on the scanner Siemens Verio Magnetom 3T at the Kurchatov Institute. One of our tasks within the framework of this project is to improve the technology for studying large-scale functional areas of the cerebral cortex at rest. To build a hierarchical model of interaction of large-scale neural networks, a verified binding of functional areas to anatomy is required. Today, there are a number of generally accepted atlases of the functional areas of the human cerebral cortex, which, nevertheless, are constantly being finalized and refined. This article presents the results of our study of the Glasser atlas for the consistency of voxels within one region and the connectivity metrics of voxel dynamics.

Effect of a comic story on orphan children's knowledge and hand washing practice about pandemic of COVID-19

World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 that disrupts Children’s growth and development, friendships, daily routines and has a negative consequence for their well-being, development and protection. About 1 in 3 children hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States were admitted to the intensive care unit. Aim: The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of a comic story on children’s knowledge and hand washing practices about pandemic of COVID-19. Study design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: Nour Al-Huda Charitable Society that caring males and females orphaned children in separate setting Sample: A convenient sample including all children in the orphanage, there was 41 children and their age range between 3 to less than 12 years. Tools of data collection: An interview questionnaire sheet as a tool one that had two parts first one concerned with sociodemographic data of children and second one assessed children’s knowledge about pandemic of COVID-19, an observational check list sheet as a tool two and had two parts; where part one assessed facilities required for applying precautionary measures inside the home, while part two assessed children’s hand washing practice inside the home. Results: there was a statistically significant differences between the total children’s knowledge regarding COVID-19 and total observed practice score regarding correct technique of hand washing pre/post comic story implementation. Conclusion: It was concluded that the implementation of a comic story had improved children’s total mean score of knowledge and hand washing practice regarding COVID-19 with statistically significant differences of both in relation to pre and post comic story implementation. Recommendations: The study recommended that to breakdown the ring of transmission of COVID-19; the collaboration between governmental and non-governmental agencies and stakeholders are main supporters for those children via appropriate and friendly communication tools that improve their knowledge; practice and also providing those setting by funding and resources for applying precautionary measures of COVID-19 with periodical follow up for personals, setting, services and resources.

Metode Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Pada Mata Kuliah Gitar Klasik Lampung Pepadun di Prodi Pendidikan Musik, Fakultas Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Lampung

The difficulties in learning the Lampung Pepadun Classical Guitar practice are caused by several factors, including; 1) the learning process is not guided directly by trainers who are experts in their fields; 2) many students of the Music Education study program are not yet able to read block notation in the form of songs; 3) some students do not have the skills to play guitar with the correct technique. The long-term goal in learning Lampung Pepadun Classical Guitar is that students are able to become agents of change in preserving the art of Lampung Pepadun Classical Guitar and become pioneers in developing and creating music, both contemporary music and creative music. The specific target to be achieved in this research is the creation of a new teaching pattern in the field of Lampung traditional music, namely learning by using several applications and distance learning methods in accordance with the concept of learning. Several online learning methods have been applied using various applications such as Youtube, MP3, and Sibelius. Online learning is learning that is carried out without face to face directly, using smartphone/gadget/laptop devices, and video conferencing platforms as a space for the learning process to take place. However, the seven learning components which include teachers/lecturers, students, objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation must remain an integral component of online learning, which will be integrated in achieving learning objectives

Pembinaan Teknik Dasar Latihan Cabang Olahraga Atletik National Paralympic Committee (NPC) Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan

NPC (National Paralimpic Committe) kalimantan selatan merupakan salah satu kontingen yang akan berlaga pada Pekan Paralympian Nasional XVI (PEPARNAS) XVI Papua. Atlet yang sering latihan di lapangan masih banyak yang tidak sesuai dengan teknik yang benar dalam melakukan teknik gerakan seperti berlari, melompat dan melempar, sehingga pelaksana pengabdian masyarakat bermaksud membimbing dan memperbaiki teknik dasar gerakan menjadi benar. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan atlet dalam melakukan gerakan teknik berlari, melompat dan melempar. Metode yang digunakan berupa bimbingan dan latihan teknik dasar gerakan nomor atletik. Peserta kegiatan adalah atlet cabang olahraga Atletik NPC (National Paralimpic Committe) atau Paralympian Pelatprov Kalimantan Selatan berjumlah 29 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan sebelum memberikan bimbingan teknis yaitu melalui tes. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap para atlet yaitu meningkatnya keterampilan dalam melakukan gerakan nomor atletik, Atlet berlari, melompat dan melempar sudah sesuai dengan teknik yang diharapkan, sehingga gerakan yang dilakukan lebih efektif dan efisien. The South Kalimantan NPC (National Paralympic Committee) is one of the contingents that will compete in the XVI National Paralympian Week (PEPARNAS) XVI Papua. Athletes who often practice in the field are still not following the correct technique in performing movement techniques such as running, jumping and throwing, so that community service implementers intend to guide and improve the basic techniques of movement to be correct. This activity aims to improve the athlete's skills in running, jumping, and throwing techniques. The method used is in the form of guidance and training in basic techniques of athletic number movement. Participants in the activity were athletes from the NPC Athletic (National Paralympic Committee) or Paralympian Pelatprov South Kalimantan, totalling 29 people. The instrument used before providing technical guidance is through a test. The results of this community service activity positively impact athletes, namely increasing skills in performing athletic number movements, athletes running, jumping, and throwing according to the standard technique so that the movements carried out are more effective and efficient.

Study of acute intestinal obstruction management and its outcome

Background: Acute intestinal blockage (AIO) is a common abdominal emergency with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Early blockage diagnosis, skilled operative management, correct technique during surgery and intense postoperative therapy yield superior results. The aim was to study the aetiology, clinical presentation, therapy and outcomes of patients with IO who presented in the emergency department.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the general surgery department from June 2019 to May 2021. The study comprised 60 patients with IO who presented to the OPD or emergency room and the data was analysed.Results: Among 60 patients with IO, peak incidence was observed in patients above 50 years of age, predominantly among males. Abdominal pain turned out to be the most common symptom of IO in our patients. Patients obstructed in the small intestine were found to be predominant. Post-operative adhesions were the most common cause of IO.Conclusions: Early diagnosis, proper preoperative hydration, fast investigations, and early operational intervention were found to increase survival in patients with intestinal obstruction in the current study.

Education on How to Express and Correct Breast Milk Storage Techniques for Working Mothers

Exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to the age of 6 months reaches 42% while the WHO target wes at least 50%. To increase the coverage of breastfeeding, new mothers who have passed leave and have to return to work can carry out the management of Dairy Mother's Milk (ASIP) (Riskesdas, 2013). According to Kristiyansari (2009) working mothers can still breastfeed, before going to work breastfeed their babies first, then at work mothers pump breast milk and store the milk then when they get home the milk is given to the baby or stored in the refrigerator. After giving the counseling, conducting questions and answers and discussions, many asked about how to pump breast milk and how to store breast milk, especially for working mothers. Furthermore, the evaluation wes given questions to the mother and can answer even though it is not perfect in providing answers, here it appears that there is an understanding that has been received by the mother after counseling. By being given this counseling, it is hoped that from now on, mothers will learn and not be ashamed to add information to health workers about how to express and the correct technique for storing breast milk for working mothers. So that by the time the mother is working, the mother is ready and able to pump breast milk and the mother can store breast milk properly

Pain and discomfort in violation of bowel movements in children – an actual problem

Pain and discomfort during bowel movements in children are among the most common symptoms in the modern civilized world. The most common cause of these symptoms is chronic constipation, which is often treated by a pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist. In differen­tial diagnosis, it is very important to distinguish between chronic symptomatic constipation and functional (without an organic basis), which are most common in childhood. Organic causes of constipation are usually dealt with in cooperation with specialized specialists. The main patho­physiological mechanisms of functional constipation are stress, pain during emptying, and fear of further painful bowel movements. The clinical picture is dominated by in­frequent and difficult defecation of a large amount of hard stools. If the history, laboratory and other additional stud­ies indicate functional constipation, and there are no warn­ing signs of chronic symptomatic constipation, complex treatment can be started. Therapy includes psychological preparation of the patient and his family, working with the correct technique of defecation, dietary and regimen mea­sures, sufficient physical activity, the use of osmotic lax­atives. The presence of warning signs requires a rational differential diagnostic procedure, which varies depending on the age of the child.

Injury prevention of student rock climbers based on the formation of rational technique of movements: a randomized control trial

Background and Study Aim. Students are often injured while playing sports. The main condition for preventing injuries is the correct technique of movements. In the literature, rock climbing has not been analyzed in terms of prevention of student injuries. Therefore, the development of programs to prevent injuries of students-rock climbers is relevant. Aim: to determine the impact of the use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain on the technical skill and the number of injuries to the elbows of student-rock climbers based on the analysis of the one-arm hang technique. Material and methods. First, to substantiate the correct technique in rock climbing, the technique of performing one-arm hang was analyzed by 20 leading male climbers of Ukraine and 20 students - novice male climbers. Then a randomized control study was conducted. The participants in the randomized control study were 40 male students-climbers in the intervention group and 44 male students-climbers in the control group aged 18-19 years. The one-arm hang technique was determined based on the angles between the shoulder and the collarbone during the movement. The experiment lasted 1 year. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the analysis of the one-arm hang technique was carried out. The number of elbow injuries in both groups was also recorded. Results. The main parameters of the one-arm hang technique for qualified and unskilled climbers have been substantiated. For qualified climbers, one-arm hang involves the muscles of the shoulder girdle, torso, and legs. In unskilled climbers, one-arm hang is provided only by the muscles of the arm. In a control randomized study, there was a significant improvement in the results of biomechanical analysis of the hang technique in athletes in the intervention group (p <0.001). The use of exercises in a closed kinematic chain significantly reduces the incidence rate of elbow injuries in student-climbers (p <0.05). The odds rate of mild elbow injuries in the control group was 4.625 times higher than the intervention one (95% CI: 1.198; 17.854), the odds rate of moderate injuries in the control group was 5.588 times higher than in the control group than the intervention one (95% CI: 1.143; 27.324). Conclusions. Exercises in closed kinematic chains are an effective means of improving climbing technique and injury preventing to university students during rock climbing.

Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays for Postpartum Hemorrhage

This article discusses the importance and effectiveness of viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs) in assessing hemostatic competence and guiding blood component therapy (BCT) in patients with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). In recent years, VHAs such as thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry have increasingly been used to guide BCT, hemostatic adjunctive therapy and prohemostatic agents in PPH. The three pillars of identifying hemostatic competence include clinical observation, common coagulation tests, and VHAs. VHAs are advantageous because they assess the cumulative contribution of all components of the blood throughout the entire formation of a clot, have fast turnaround times, and are point-of-care tests that can be followed serially. Despite these advantages, VHAs are underused due to poor understanding of correct technique and result interpretation, a paucity of widespread standardization, and a lack of large clinical trials. These VHAs can also be used in cases of uterine atony, preeclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, amniotic fluid embolism, placental abruption, genital tract trauma, surgical trauma, and inherited and prepartum acquired coagulopathies. There exists an immediate need for a point-of-care test that can equip obstetricians with rapid results on developing coagulopathic states. The use of VHAs in predicting and treating PPH, although in an incipient state, can fulfill this need.

Independent learning of the sonographic FAST exam technique using a tablet-based training module

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if a specific tablet-based training module can be used as an effective tool for independently training novice sonographers in the components of the focused assessment for sonography in trauma (FAST) exam.Design: Participants attended a 15-minute orientation presentation followed by a 2-hour ultrasound scanning workshop where they used a novel tablet-based training module to learn the components of the FAST exam independently.Setting: This study took place at an accredited United States college of osteopathic medicine.Participants: Thirty-two first-year medical student volunteers without any prior ultrasound training in abdominal scanning.Interventions: Training activities included brief didactic training and participation in an independent learning FAST exam workshop.Main outcome measures: Participants filled out subjective pre- and post-training self-confidence questionnaires and were objectively assessed and scored on their scanning skills.Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-training subjective questionnaires showed a statistically significant (p 0.001) increase in participant confidence in performing all components of the FAST exam. During skill evaluation, participants collectively demonstrated correct technique in 366 (82 percent) of the 448 total FAST exam scanning tasks they attempted.Conclusions: Based on these findings, the authors believe that learning to perform the FAST exam with this digital training module is an effective means of independently acquiring ultrasound skill. Digital ultrasound training modules like this one could have several useful applications, such as serving as an educational resource, or functioning as a point-of- care scanning adjunct to medical professionals in underdeveloped and rural areas where formal ultrasound training is not available.